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{{
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pyskowice
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| subdivision_name3 = Pyskowice <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name =
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1256
| area_total_km2 = 31.89
| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban
| population_metro = 5294000
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 44-120
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| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info = [[Oceanic climate|Cfb]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport
| website = http://www.pyskowice.pl/ }}▼
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]]
}}
'''Pyskowice''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Pyskowice.ogg|p|y|s|k|o|'|w|J|i|c|e}} ({{lang-de|Peiskretscham}}) is a
It is situated in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] since its formation in 1999, previously it was in [[Katowice Voivodeship]]. Pyskowice is one of the towns of the 2
▲'''Pyskowice''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Pyskowice.ogg|p|y|s|k|o|'|w|J|i|c|e}} ({{lang-de|Peiskretscham}}) is a [[town]] in [[Silesia]] in southern [[Poland]], near [[Katowice]]. Borders on the [[Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union]] - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Located in the [[Silesian Highlands]].
==History==
▲It is situated in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] since its formation in 1999, previously it was in [[Katowice Voivodeship]]. Pyskowice is one of the towns of the 2,7 million conurbation - [[Katowice urban area]] and within a greater [[Silesian metropolitan area]] populated by about 5,294,000 people.<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]] (ESPON) {{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-03-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728052348/http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |archivedate=2009-07-28 |df= }}</ref> The population of the town is 19,104 (2008).<ref>[http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/45_908_PLK_HTML.htm ''Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2008''] - [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Central Statistical Office in Poland]] ISSN 1505-5507 , 13.08.2008</ref>
[[File:Kościół parafialny pw. św. Mikołaja P7040037.jpg|thumb|left|Saint Nicholas Church and the parish house]]
The name of the town comes from the [[Old Polish]] male name Pysk. The oldest known mention of Pyskowice comes from a document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Bishop of Wrocław]] Tomasz from 1256. It was granted [[town rights]] in 1260 by Duke [[Władysław Opolski]]. The town was part of fragmented [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]]. It remained part of various Polish-ruled duchies, including [[Duchy of Bytom|Bytom]], [[Duchy of Teschen|Cieszyn]], [[Duchy of Oświęcim|Oświęcim]] and [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]], until 1532 when it was incorporated to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian (Czech) Crown]]. In 1645, along with the Duchy of Opole, it came back under Polish rule under the [[House of Vasa]].
It was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of [[Germany]] until 1945. In 1842, the town had a population of 3,322, mostly [[Polish people|Polish]] by nationality, and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] by confession.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=[[Warsaw]]|pages=328–329}}</ref> Despite Prussian rule, church services were still held mainly in [[Polish language|Polish]] at the time, with German services held only every fourth Sunday.<ref name=sgk/> In the 1921 [[Upper Silesia plebiscite]], 73.6% of the residents voted to remain in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]], while in the present-day district (then separate village) of Dzierżno 67.5% voted to rejoin Poland, which just regained independence following the [[First World War]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-04|title=Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier in Karlsruhe|url=http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304162102/http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
During the [[Second World War]], the Germans established and operated the E578 and E749 [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] subcamps of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the town, and the E110 and E709 subcamps in the present-day district of Dzierżno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Lamsdorf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=29 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canadians|Canadian]] and [[British people|British]] [[prisoners of war]] had to work there for their German captors. The Germans also operated an additional forced labour camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] men in 1942–1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000298|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Peiskretscham|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=15 May 2021|language=de}}</ref> In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive, the prisoners based in Pyskowice were marched westward in the so-called Long March or Death March. Some died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. Eventually the survivors were liberated by American troops in April or May 1945. After the war, the town became again part of Poland under its restored historic name.
==Twin towns==▼
In 1984, town limits were expanded by including Mikuszowina as a new district.<ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji i Gospodarki Przestrzennej z dnia 3 marca 1984 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast w województwach: katowickim, kieleckim, legnickim, radomskim i wrocławskim.|year=1984|volume=14|number=64}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[La Ricamarie]], France▼
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Chervonohrad]], Ukraine▼
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Flörsheim am Main]], Germany▼
==
Polish [[National roads in Poland|National roads]] 40 and 94, and the [[Voivodeship road]] 901 run through the town, and the [[A1 autostrada (Poland)|A1]] and [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|A4]] motorways run nearby, within the metropolitan area.
{{Category see also|People from Pyskowice}}▼
* [[Agata Buzek]] (born 1976), actress▼
* [[Grzegorz Kasprzik]] (born 1983), Polish footballer▼
* [[Abraham Lewysohn]] (1805–1860), rabbi▼
* [[Georg Radziej]] (1895–1972), [[Wehrmacht]] general ▼
* [[Rafał Szombierski]] (born 1982), Polish speedway rider▼
There is a railway station in Pyskowice.
== References ==▼
==
There is a railway museum (''Skansen Taboru Kolejowego'') in Pyskowice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stacjapyskowice.info/skansen|title=Skansen Taboru Kolejowego|website=Stacja Pyskowice|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}}</ref>
* [http://www.pyskowice.pl/ Webpage of the town] (Polish, English, German)▼
* [http://www.peiskretscham.de/ Peiskretscham Website] {{de icon}}▼
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/pyskowice/ Jewish Community in Pyskowice] on Virtual Shtetl▼
==Sports==
{{commons category|Pyskowice}}▼
The local [[Association football|football]] club is Czarni Pyskowice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mksrczarnipyskowice.futbolowo.pl|title=Czarni Pyskowice - strona klubu|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}}</ref> It competes in the lower leagues.
==Notable people==
{{Gliwice County}}▼
▲{{Category see also|People from Pyskowice}}
*[[C-BooL]] (born 1981), DJ and record producer
▲==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Pyskowice is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=https://www.pyskowice.pl/prezentacja-gminy/miasta-partnerskie.html|website=pyskowice.pl|publisher=Pyskowice|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
▲{{Gliwice County}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Gliwice County]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes in Poland]]
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