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| verses = 10,552 mantras<ref>{{cite web |title=Construction of the Vedas |url=https://sites.google.com/a/vedicgranth.org/www/what_are_vedic_granth/the-four-veda/interpretation-and-more/construction-of-the-vedas?mobile=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717035126/https://sites.google.com/a/vedicgranth.org/www/what_are_vedic_granth/the-four-veda/interpretation-and-more/construction-of-the-vedas?mobile=true |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=3 July 2020 |website=VedicGranth.Org}}</ref>
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{{Hindu scriptures}}
The '''''Rigveda''''' or '''''Rig Veda''''' ({{lang-sa|[[wikt:ऋग्वेद|ऋग्वेद]]}}, {{IAST3|ṛgveda}}, from ''[[wikt:ऋच्|ऋच्]]'', "praise"<ref>Derived from the root ''{{IAST|ṛc}}'' "to praise", cf. Dhātupātha 28.19. [[Monier-Williams]] translates ''Rigveda'' as "a Veda of Praise or Hymn-Veda".</ref> and ''[[wikt:वेद|वेद]]'', "knowledge") is an [[ancient Indian]] [[Miscellany|collection]] of [[Vedic Sanskrit]] [[hymn]]s (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canonical [[Hindu texts]] (''[[śruti]]'') known as the [[Vedas]].{{sfn|Witzel|1997|pp=259{{ndash}}264}}<ref>Antonio de Nicholas (2003), ''Meditations Through the Rig Veda: Four-Dimensional Man'', New York: Authors Choice Press, {{ISBN|978-0-595-26925-9}}, p. 273</ref> Only one [[Shakha]] of the many survive today, namely the [[Shakala Shakha|Śakalya]] Shakha. Much of the contents contained in the remaining Shakhas are now lost or are not available in the public forum.<ref name=":0" />
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In the 1877 edition of Aufrecht, the 1028 hymns of the ''Rigveda'' contain a total of 10,552 {{IAST|ṛc}}s, or 39,831 padas. The [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] gives the number of syllables to be 432,000,<ref>equalling 40 times 10,800, the number of bricks used for the ''[[uttaravedi]]'': the number is motivated numerologically rather than based on an actual syllable count.</ref> while the metrical text of van Nooten and Holland (1994) has a total of 395,563 syllables (or an average of 9.93 syllables per pada); counting the number of syllables is not straightforward because of issues with sandhi and the post-Rigvedic pronunciation of syllables like súvar as svàr.
Three other shakhas are mentioned in ''Caraṇavyuha'', a [[pariśiṣṭa]] (supplement) of Yajurveda: Māṇḍukāyana, Aśvalāyana and [[Sankhyayana|Śaṅkhāyana]]. The Atharvaveda lists two more shakhas. The differences between all these shakhas are very minor, limited to varying order of content and inclusion (or non-inclusion) of a few verses. The following information is known about the shakhas other than [[Śākala Shākha|Śākala]] and Bāṣkala:{{Sfn|Stephanie W. Jamison (tr.)| Joel P. Brereton (tr.)|2014|p=16}}
* Māṇḍukāyana: Perhaps the oldest of the Rigvedic shakhas.
* Aśvalāyana: Includes 212 verses, all of which are newer than the other Rigvedic hymns.
* [[Sankhyayana|Śaṅkhāyana]]: Very similar to Aśvalāyana
* Saisiriya: Mentioned in the ''Rigveda'' [[Pratisakhya]]. Very similar to Śākala, with a few additional verses; might have derived from or merged with it.
{| class="wikitable"
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|''Baashkala''
|Kaushitaki Samhita
|[[Sankhyayana Brahmana|Kaushitaki Brahmana]]
|Manuscript exists
|Kaushitaki Upanishad
|-
|''[[Sankhyayana|Shankhayana]]''
|Sankhayana Samhita
|[[Sankhyayana Brahmana|Shankhayana Brahmana]]
|Shankhyana Aranyaka
|edited as a part of the Aranyaka
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====Versions====
There are, for example, 30 manuscripts of ''Rigveda'' at the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], collected in the 19th century by [[Georg Bühler]], Franz Kielhorn and others, originating from different parts of India, including [[Kashmir]], [[Gujarat]], the then [[Rajaputana]], [[Central Provinces]] etc. They were transferred to [[Deccan College (Pune)|Deccan College]], [[Pune]], in the late 19th century. They are in the [[Sharada script|Sharada]] and [[Devanagari]] scripts, written on birch bark and paper. The oldest of the Pune collection is dated to 1464 CE. The 30 manuscripts of ''Rigveda'' preserved at the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], [[Pune]] were added to [[UNESCO]]'s [[Memory of the World Register]] in 2007.<ref name="rigveda">{{Cite web |title=Rigveda |url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22389&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20140117181848/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication%2Dand%2Dinformation/flagship%2Dproject%2Dactivities/memory%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dworld/homepage/ |archive-date=17 January 2014 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] [[Memory of the World Programme]]}}</ref>
Of these thirty manuscripts, nine contain the samhita text, five have the [[padapatha]] in addition. Thirteen contain Sayana's commentary. At least five manuscripts (MS. no. 1/A1879-80, 1/A1881-82, 331/1883-84 and 5/Viś I) have preserved the complete text of the ''Rigveda''. MS no. 5/1875-76, written on birch bark in bold Sharada, was only in part used by [[Max Müller]] for his edition of the ''Rigveda'' with Sayana's commentary.
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===Rigveda Brahmanas===
{{See also|Brahmana}}
Of the Brahmanas that were handed down in the schools of the ''{{IAST|Bahvṛcas}}'' (i.e. "possessed of many verses"), as the followers of the ''Rigveda'' are called, two have come down to us, namely those of the Aitareyins and the Kaushitakins. The ''[[Aitareya-brahmana]]''<ref>Edited, with an English translation, by M. Haug (2 vols., Bombay, 1863). An edition in Roman transliteration, with extracts from the commentary, has been published by Th. Aufrecht (Bonn, 1879).</ref> and the [[
[[File:1500-1200 BCE, Devi sukta, Rigveda 10.125.1-2, Sanskrit, Devanagari, manuscript page 1735 CE (1792 VS).jpg|thumb|left|Devi sukta, which highlights the goddess tradition of Hinduism is found in ''Rigveda'' hymns 10.125. It is cited in ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]'' and is recited every year during the [[Durga Puja]] festival.]]
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==See also==
* [[Atri's Eclipse]]
* {{annotated link|Keśin}}
* {{annotated link|Mayabheda}}
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