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{{Infobox Settlementsettlement
|settlement_type = Town
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|my|စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့}}}}
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|official_name = Sagaing
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|other_name =
|pushpin_map = Burma
|native_name = စစ္‌ကုိင္‌းမ္ရုိ့
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Burma
|nickname =
|image_skyline = Sagaing3.jpg
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|image_caption = The [[Irrawaddy Bridge|Yadanabon Bridge]] on the Irrawaddy
|motto =
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<!-- images and maps ----------->
|map_caption =
|image_skyline = Sagaing3.jpg
|subdivision_type = Country
|imagesize = 300px
|subdivision_name = Myanmar
|image_caption = The Ava Bridge on the Irwaddy
|subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Burma|Division]]
|image_flag =
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Sagaing Region}}
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|unit_pref = Imperial
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|area_total_km2 =
|seal_size =
|population = 307,194
|image_shield =
|population_as_of = 2014
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|population_blank2 = [[Buddhism]]
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|coordinates = {{coord|21|52|56|N|95|58|43|E|region:MM|display=inline,title}}
|mapsize =
|leader_title = Mayor
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|elevation_m =
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|timezone = [[Time in Burma|MST]]
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|utc_offset = +6.30
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|website =
|image_dot_map =
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|pushpin_map = Myanmar<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Burma
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Burma]]
|subdivision_type1 = Admin.&nbsp;division
|subdivision_name1 = [[Sagaing Division]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
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|leader_title =Mayor
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|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
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|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
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|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
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<!-- Area --------------------->
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|unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
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<!-- Population ----------------------->
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|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
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|population_blank2_title =Religions
|population_blank2 =[[Buddhism]]
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<!-- General information --------------->
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|latd=22 |latm=49 |lats=60 |latNS=N
|longd=94 |longm=27 |longs= |longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
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'''Sagaing''' ({{MYname|MY=စစ္‌ကုိင္‌းမ္ရုိ့စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့|MLCTS=saccac kuing: mrui.}};, population{{IPA-my|zəɡáɪɰ̃ estimate 300,000mjo̰|pron}}) is the chief city andformer capital of the [[Sagaing DivisionRegion]] inof [[Burma|Myanmar]]. It is located on the [[AyeyarwadyIrrawaddy River]], {{cvt|20 |km}} to the southwestsouth-west of [[Mandalay]] on the opposite bank of the river. Sagaing, with numerous [[Buddhist]] [[Kyaung|monasteries]], is an important religious and monastic centre. The [[Burmese pagoda|pagodas]] and monasteries crowd the numerous hills along the ridge running parallel to the river. The central pagoda, Soon U Ponya Shin Pagoda, is connected by a set of covered staircases that run up the {{cvt|240|m}} hill.
 
Today, with about 70,000 inhabitants, the city is part of [[Mandalay]] built-up area with more than 1,022,000 inhabitants estimated in 2011. The city is a frequent tourist destination of day trippers. Within the city are the [[Sagaing Institute of Education]], the [[Sagaing Education College]], Sagaing University, Technological University (Sagaing), and co-operative university (Sagaing).
Sagaing is a religious and monastic center, with numerous [[Buddhist]] [[monasteries]]. It briefly held position as a royal [[capital]] of Burma from [[1760]]-[[1764]].
 
Sagaing University was established on 11 February 2012. It is in Pakatoe Quarter, [[Sagaing Township]], Sagaing Region, Myanmar. It has an area of {{cvt|300.35|acre|disp=flip}}. As a result, there are now five colleges/university in Sagaing.
The British-built 16 span [[Ava]] [[Bridge]] connects Sagaing with Mandalay, and tourists frequently visit Sagaing as a day trip. One [[tourist]] favorite located near the city is the [[Mingun Bell]], claimed to be the world's largest ringing bell. Its weight of 55555 viss (approximately 90 metric tons) is engraved into the front side.
 
==Name==
The classical name of Sagaing is '''Zeyapura''' ({{lang|my|ဇေယျာပူရ}}; {{langx|pi|'''Jayapura'''}}), which literally translates to "city of victory."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281437|title=Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States|last=Hardiman|first=John Percy|date=1901|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma|language=en}}</ref>
 
==History==
Sagaing was the capital of [[Sagaing Kingdom]] (1315–1364), one of the minor kingdoms that rose up after the fall of [[Pagan dynasty]], where one of [[Thihathu]]'s sons, Athinkhaya, established himself.<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|author-link= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of south-east Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|227}} During the [[Ava Kingdom|Ava period]] (1364–1555), the city was the common [[fief]] of the crown prince or senior princes. During the reign of King [[Naungdawgyi]], Sagaing briefly became the royal capital between 1760 and 1763.
 
On 8 August 1988, Sagaing was the site of demonstrations which were concluded by a massacre in which around 300 civilians were killed.<ref>[http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=656&page=15 Irrawaddy article 1997] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004082722/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=656&page=15 |date=2010-10-04 }}</ref>
 
==Climate==
Located in the rain shadow of the [[Arakan Mountains]], Sagaing has a borderline [[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'') just short of a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw''). The city receives less than a third of the rainfall that [[Chittagong]] has at a similar latitude on the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Unlike most monsoonal semi-arid climates, the rainy season is relatively long at around five to six months, while variability and extreme monthly and daily rainfalls are much lower than usual with this type of climate.<ref>See {{cite journal |last=Camberlin |first=Pierre |doi=10.3354/cr00856|url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/49/82/26/PDF/camberlin_CR_revised.pdf|title=More variable tropical climates have a slower demographic growth|year=2010|journal=Climate Research|volume=41|pages=157–167|bibcode=2010ClRes..41..157C |doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| location = Sagaing (1991–2020)
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| width = auto
|collapsed =
| Jan record high C = 34.5
| Feb record high C = 37.7
| Mar record high C = 42.0
| Apr record high C = 45.5
| May record high C = 45.2
| Jun record high C = 40.5
| Jul record high C = 40.0
| Aug record high C = 38.4
| Sep record high C = 38.8
| Oct record high C = 38.0
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 36.5
| year record high C =
|Jan high C = 29.5
|Feb high C = 32.6
|Mar high C = 36.4
|Apr high C = 38.3
|May high C = 36.0
|Jun high C = 34.4
|Jul high C = 33.7
|Aug high C = 33.0
|Sep high C = 33.2
|Oct high C = 32.8
|Nov high C = 31.4
|Dec high C = 29.2
| year high C = 33.4
|Jan mean C = 22.0
|Feb mean C = 24.5
|Mar mean C = 28.6
|Apr mean C = 31.4
|May mean C = 30.9
|Jun mean C = 30.3
|Jul mean C = 29.9
|Aug mean C = 29.5
|Sep mean C = 29.4
|Oct mean C = 28.5
|Nov mean C = 25.9
|Dec mean C = 22.6
| year mean C = 27.8
|Jan low C = 14.5
|Feb low C = 16.5
|Mar low C = 20.8
|Apr low C = 24.6
|May low C = 25.8
|Jun low C = 26.2
|Jul low C = 26.2
|Aug low C = 25.9
|Sep low C = 25.5
|Oct low C = 24.2
|Nov low C = 20.4
|Dec low C = 16.0
| year low C = 22.2
| Jan record low C = 10.7
| Feb record low C = 11.0
| Mar record low C = 13.5
| Apr record low C = 18.7
| May record low C = 19.3
| Jun record low C = 20.5
| Jul record low C = 20.0
| Aug record low C = 20.5
| Sep record low C = 19.2
| Oct record low C = 16.7
| Nov record low C = 14.0
| Dec record low C = 12.3
| year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 5.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 3.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 40.6
|May precipitation mm = 148.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 82.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 66.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 126.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 158.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 134.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 28.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 4.8
| year precipitation mm = 804.0
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0.6
|Feb precipitation days = 0.4
|Mar precipitation days = 0.6
|Apr precipitation days = 3.2
|May precipitation days = 9.5
|Jun precipitation days = 6.8
|Jul precipitation days = 5.9
|Aug precipitation days = 9.3
|Sep precipitation days = 11.0
|Oct precipitation days = 8.5
|Nov precipitation days = 2.6
|Dec precipitation days = 0.7
|year precipitation days = 59.0
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Myanmar/CSV/Sagaing_48039.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 16 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomanz(record since 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=2050&ind=48039&m1=01&y1=2009&m2=06&y2=2024 |title=NAJAF - Weather data by month |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref>
}}
 
The city is home to the [[Sagaing Institute of Education]] and the [[Sagaing Education College]].
[[Image:Sagainghillsagaing.jpg|thumb|left|Ayeyarwady River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing]]
==People==
* [[Sithu Kyawhtin]], King of Ava (1552–1555)
* [[Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui]], last [[Ming Dynasty]] claimant to China, lived in exile at Sagaing in 1661
* [[Maurice Collis]], author of ''[[Trials in Burma]]'', district commissioner of the Sagaing district in 1928
* [[Tom Mitford]], brother of the [[Mitford sisters|Mitford Sisters]], was killed while serving with the [[Devonshire Regiment]] at Sagaing in 1945.
* [[Zaw Hlaing Thein]], politician
 
==Places of interest==
The [[Kaunghmudaw Pagoda]] (Burmese: {{Lang|my|ကောင်းမှုတော် ဘုရား}} {{IPA|[káʊɴ m̥ṵ dɔ̀ pʰəjá]}}; Yaza Mani Sula Kaunghmudaw ({{Lang|my|ရာဇမဏိစူဠာ ကောင်းမှုတော်}}); Pali: Rājamaṇicūḷā) is a large pagoda on the northwestern outskirts of Sagaing.
 
==Images==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Sagaing Hill.jpg|Sagaing Hill
File:Sagaing, Myanmar.jpg|Irrawaddy River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing
File:Sagaing, Buddhist stupas, Myanmar.jpg|Pagodas
File:Sagaing, Buddhist monks, Myanmar.jpg|Buddhist monks
File:Sagaing, View, Myanmar.jpg|Viewpoint at Sagaing Hill
File:Sagaing2.jpg|Pagodas that dot Sagaing
File:U Min Thonze exterior, Sagaing, Sagaing Division, Burma.jpg|U Min Thonze Cave
File:Sone Oo Pone Nya Shin Pagoda.jpg|Sone Oo Pone Nya Shin Pagoda, Sagaing Hill
File:Umin Thonze Pagoda.JPG|Umin Thonze Pagoda
File:Two bridges of Sagaing.jpg|Bridges connecting Sagaing and Mandalay
File:Sagaing hill.jpg|Panoramic view from top of Sagaing Hill
</gallery>
 
==See also==
* [[List of Burmese monarchs#Sagaing .281315–1364.29|List of kings of Sagaing Kingdom]]
 
==References==
*[[Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui]], last [[Ming Dynasty]] claimant to [[China]], lived in exile at Sagaing in [[1661]].
{{Reflist}}
*[[Maurice Collis]], author of ''[[Trials in Burma]]'', was district commissioner of the Sagaing district in [[1928]].
 
{{s-start}}
[[Image:Sagaing2.jpg|thumb|left|300px]]
{{s-hou|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pinya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Capital of Burma|Capital of Sagaing Kingdom]]|years=June 1315 – April 1364}}
{{s-aft|after=End of Kingdom}}
{{s-bef|before=New Kingdom}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Capital of Burma|Capital of Ava Kingdom]]|years=April – September 1364}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pinya]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shwebo]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Capital of Burma]]|years=26 July 1760 – 23 July 1765}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Inwa|Ava]]}}
{{s-end}}
 
{{Commons category|Sagaing}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in the Sagaing Division]]
{{EB1911 Poster|Sagaing}}
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage]]
[http://www.sagainguni.edu.mm/?page_id=1752&lang=en]
 
{{Authority control}}
{{Burma-geo-stub}}
 
[[Category:Township capitals of Myanmar]]
[[ca:Sagaing]]
[[esCategory:Populated places in Sagaing Region]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Myanmar]]
[[fr:Sagaing]]
[[it:Sagaing]]
[[la:Sagain]]
[[lt:Sagainas]]
[[my:စစ္‌ကိုင္‌း]]
[[nl:Sagaing (stad)]]
[[ru:Сагайн]]
[[vi:Sagaing]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagaing"