Selman Waksman: Difference between revisions

'''Selman Abraham Waksman''' ([[July 22, July]] [[1888]] &ndash;– August [[16, August]] [[1973]]) was ana Jewish American inventor, [[UnitedNobel StatesPrize of America|Americanlaureate]], [[Biochemistry|biochemist]] and [[Microbiology|microbiologist]] whose research into the [[organic substancedecomposition]]s&mdash;largely intoof [[organism]]s that live in [[soil]]&mdash;and their [[decomposition]] led toenabled the discovery of [[Streptomycinstreptomycin]], and several other [[antibiotic]]s. A [[professor]] of biochemistry and microbiology at [[Rutgers University]] for four decades, hishe workdiscovered ledseveral toantibiotics the(and discoveryintroduced ofthe overmodern twentysense [[antibiotic]]sof (athat word whichto hename coinedthem), and he introduced procedures that have led to the development of many others. The proceeds earned from the licensing of his [[patent]]spatents funded a foundation for microbiological research, which established the [[Waksman Institute of Microbiology]] located onat the Rutgers University's [[Busch Campus]] in [[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]], [[New Jersey]] (USA). In 1952, he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Physiology]] or [[Medicine]] infor recognition"ingenious, forsystematic, hisand successful studies of the soil microbes that led to the discovery of "streptomycin." Waksman and his foundation later were sued by [[Albert Schatz (scientist)|Albert Schatz]], one of his Ph.D. students and the firstdiscoverer antibioticof activestreptomycin, againstfor tuberculosisminimizing Schatz's role in the discovery.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kingston|first=William|date=2004-07-01|title=Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the balance of credit for discovery|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=59|issue=3|pages=441–462|issn=0022-5045|pmid=15270337|doi=10.1093/jhmas/jrh091|s2cid=27465970}}</ref>

In 2005, Selman Waksman was designatedgranted an [[ACS National HistoricalHistoric Chemical Landmarks|ACS National HistoricalHistoric Chemical Landmark]] in recognition of the significant work of his significancelab forin isolating more than fifteen15 antibiotics, including streptomycin, which was the first effective treatment for [[tuberculosis]].<ref name= "ACSLandmarks">{{cite web | title = Selman Waksman and Antibiotics -| ACSwork = National HistoricalHistoric Chemical Landmarks | publisher = [[American Chemical Society]] | url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/selmanwaksman.html | access-date = 2014-02-21 }}</ref>

Selman Waksman was born on [[July 22, 1888 (July]] [[1888]]8 according to the old Russian calendar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selman Waksman and Antibiotics - Landmark |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/selmanwaksman.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=American Chemical Society |language=en}}</ref>), to [[Jewish]] parents, in [[Nova Pryluka]], a peasant village near [[KievKyiv Governorate]], in the [[Russian Empire]],<ref name="foundationhistory">[{{cite web |url=http://www.waksmanfoundationwaksman-foundation.org/html/foundation_history.html "|title=The Foundation and Its History"], at the Waksman Foundation for Microbiology website|publisher=waksman-foundation.org (No further authorship information available), accessed|access-date=January [[11, January]] [[2007]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142506/http://www.waksman-foundation.org/html/foundation_history.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>, now [[UkraineVinnytsia Oblast]], Ukraine. He immigrated towas the Unitedson Statesof inFradia (London) and Jacob Waksman.<ref name="NobelBio">{{Cite web |title=Selman A. Waksman - Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html |access-date=April 9, 2018 |website=www.nobelprize.org}}</ref> In 1910, shortly after receiving his matriculation diploma from the Fifth Gymnasium in [[OdessaOdesa]], Ukraine,he immigrated to the United States and became a [[Naturalization|naturalisednaturalized American citizen]] six years later.<ref>'''(ru)'''[https://iodessit.com/ru/eternal-zelman-vaksman-otkryvatel-preparata-protiv-tuberkuleza // Виталий Орлов. Зельман Ваксман — открыватель препарата против туберкулеза // Я - Одессит, 24.09.2022]</ref>

Waksman attended [[Rutgers University|Rutgers College]] (now Rutgers University), where he was graduated in 1915 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] (B.Sc.) in [[Agriculture]]agriculture. He continued his studies at Rutgers, receiving a [[Master of Science]] (M.Sc.) the following year, in 1916. During his graduate study, he worked under [[J. G. Lipman]] at the [[School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (Rutgers University)|New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station]] at Rutgers performing research in [[soil bacteriology. Waksman spent some months in 1915–1916 at the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] in [[Washington, DC]] under [[Charles Thom]], studying soil fungi.<ref name="Ryan_1993">{{cite Waksmanbook | last = Ryan | first = Frank | year = 1993 | title = The forgotten plague: how the battle against tuberculosis was thenwon—and lost | publisher = Little, Brown | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0316763806 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/forgottenplagueh00ryan }}</ref>{{rp|44–48}} He was appointed as Researcha Fellowresearch fellow at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], and in 1918 he was awarded his [[doctor of philosophy]] in biochemistry.

==Neomycin==Controversy====

==Publications=Neomycin===

[[Category:Ukrainian20th-century American Jewsbiochemists]]

[[Category:AmericanJewish biochemistschemists]]

[[Category:NaturalizedJews citizens offrom the UnitedRussian StatesEmpire]]

[[Category:AmericanTuberculosis biologistsresearchers]]