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[[File:Soi Cowboy 2023 04.jpg|thumb|[[Soi Cowboy]], a [[red light district]] in [[Bangkok]]]]
'''Sex tourism''' refers tois the practice of traveling to foreign countries, often on a different continent, with the intention of engaging in [[sexual activity]] or relationships, in exchange forproviding money or lifestyle support.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Erica L. |title=Sex Tourism |journal=The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization |date=2012 |doi=10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog516|isbn=978-1-4051-8824-1 }}</ref> This practice predominantly operates in countries where [[sex work]] is legal. The [[World Tourism Organization]] of the [[United Nations]] has acknowledged aboutthat this industry is organized both within and outside the structured laws and networks created by them.<ref name="WTO">{{cite conference|date=October 1995|title=WTO Statement on the Prevention of Organized Sex Tourism
| quote = Adopted by the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization at its eleventh session - Cairo (Egypt), 17–22 October 1995 (Resolution A/RES/338 (XI))
| publisher = World Tourism Organization
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Sex tourism is commonly regarded as a [[Transnational organized crime|transnational]] challenge, as it can be seen to target marginalised demographics in developing nations, such as countries in the Americas or Southeast Asia. The chief ethical concerns arise from: the economic gap between tourists and residents, the [[Sex trafficking|sexual trafficking]] of children and women and the parties taking advantage of the ability to engage with minors. These groups and individuals are subject to the foreign [[prostitution law]]s of the destination's jurisdiction, often resulting in exploitation and abuse. SexualProstitution activities that involve [[child sex tourism|minors]] are almost universally [[Age of consent|non-consensual]] and illegal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Timothy Siliang |last2=Holmes |first2=Andrea |last3=Noone |first3=Chris |last4=Flaherty |first4=Gerard Thomas |title=Sun, sea and sex: a review of the sex tourism literature |journal=Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines |date=2020 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=24 |doi=10.1186/s40794-020-00124-0 |pmid=33292661 |doi-access=free |pmc=7691961}}</ref>
 
Sex tourism is known as a multibillion-dollar industry that globally supports a workforce estimated in the millions,<ref>{{cite journal
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== Demographics ==
Demographics include: female sex tourism (women seeking men), men seeking men, adults seeking children, and men seeking women.<ref name="Lovelock" /> Sex tourists generally come from [[Western world]] countries but they may also come from other countries as well. The most common destinations for these sex tourists is to visit less economically developed nations in Asia, such as: [[Thailand]], the [[Philippines]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Nepal]], as well as countries in Central and South America like [[Mexico]] or [[Brazil]].<ref name="UN Global Report Trafficking" />
 
A study conducted by the non-profit public charity [[ProCon.org|ProCon]], revealed the percentage of men who had paid for sex at least once in their lives between 1994 and 2010. It found the highest rates were located in Cambodia, where 59–80% of men had paid for sex at least once. Thailand was a close second with an estimated 75% of men, followed by Italy at 16.7–45%, Spain at 27–39%, Japan at 37%, the Netherlands at 13.5–21.6%, and the United States 15.0–20.0%.<ref name="ProCon">{{cite web|title=Percentage of Men (by Country) Who Paid for Sex at Least Once: The Johns Chart|url=http://prostitution.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=004119|publisher=ProCon|access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305122229/https://prostitution.procon.org/percentage-of-men-by-country-who-paid-for-sex-at-least-once-the-johns-chart/ |archive-date=2022-03-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Sex tourism spans almost the entire globe with approximately 250,000 travelling internationally to engage in sex tourism with children and youth alone. This part of the industry generates over $20 billion in revenue.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Implications of Sexual Tourism {{!}} IAMAT|url=https://www.iamat.org/blog/implications-of-sexual-tourism/#:~:text=Sexual%20tourism%20allows%20these%20individuals,the%20anonymity%20afforded%20by%20travel.|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.iamat.org}}</ref> Challenges in gathering data has made it hard to find out the exact number of people who work in the sex tourism industry. Estimates show 24.9 million victims that are trapped in [[modern-day slavery]], 4.8 million (about 19%) were sexually exploited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Trafficking by the Numbers|url=https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Human Rights First|language=en|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507064607/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is estimated that about 21% of the total victims of commercial sexual exploitation are children,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trafficking in Persons|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/data-and-analysis/glotip.html|access-date=2021-05-11|website=United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime|language=en}}</ref> with the [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] estimating that over one million children are trafficked for sex throughout the world. The sex tourism industry often preys on those that are the most vulnerable, potentially explaining why children and women are more likely to be forced into the industry.<ref name=":3">{{Citation|title=Paradigms of sex tourism|date=2005-07-08|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203991763-7|work=Sex Tourism|pages=65–86|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780203991763-7|isbn=978-0-203-99176-3|access-date=2021-05-11}}</ref>
 
== Cultural attitudes ==