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{{short description|Former official unit of currency of the United Kingdom and other territories}}
{{Infobox coin
| Country = United Kingdom
| Denomination = One [[shilling]]
| Value =
| Unit =
| Mass = (
| Diameter = (
| Thickness =
| Edge = Milled
| Composition = {{plainlist|
* ( * (1816–1920) [[Sterling silver|92.5% Ag]] * (1920–1946) 50% Ag * (1947–1970) [[Cupronickel]]{{#tag:ref|75% [[Copper|Cu]] and 25% [[Nickel|Ni]]|group="nb"}} }}
| Years of Minting = {{Circa|1548}}{{snd}}1966
| Catalog Number =
| Obverse = File:British_shilling_1963_obverse.png
Line 21 ⟶ 26:
| Reverse Design Date = 1947
}}
The [[United Kingdom|British]] '''shilling''',
Before [[Decimal Day]] in 1971, sterling used the [[Carolingian monetary system]] ("[[£sd]]"), under which the largest unit was a pound (£) divided into 20 shillings (s), each of 12 pence (d).
Although the coin was not minted until the
The notation {{code|ss/dd}} for a number of shillings and pence was widely used (e.g., "19/11" for nineteen shillings and eleven pence). The form {{code|ss/–}} was used for a number of shillings and zero pence (e.g., "5/–" for five shillings exactly).
==History==
[[File:Edward_VI_77001683.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Shilling of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], struck between 1551 and 1553]]
The first coins of the pound sterling with the value of 12d were minted in 1503<ref name="Rees1819">{{cite book|author=Abraham Rees|title=The Cyclopaedia; Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature.
Shillings were minted during the
The Royal Mint debased the silver coinage in 1920 from 92.5% silver to 50% silver. Shillings of both alloys were minted that year.<ref name="Groom2010">{{cite book|author=David Groom|title=The Identification of British 20th Century Silver Coin Varieties|url=
Beginning with [[John Wrottesley, 1st Baron Wrottesley|Lord Wrottesley's]] proposals in the 1820s there were various attempts to decimalise the pound sterling over the next century and a half.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bankers' Magazine|url=
==Design==
[[File:Scottish Shilling Reverse.png|thumb|right|200px|The Scottish reverse design of a 1966 shilling.]]
Testoons issued during the reign of Henry VII feature a right-facing portrait of the king on the obverse. Surrounding the portrait is the inscription {{small|HENRICUS DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRA}}, or similar, meaning "
[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] testoons have a different reverse design, featuring a crowned [[Tudor rose]], but those of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] return to the Royal Arms design used previously.<ref name="CotUK">{{cite web|url=http://www.coins-of-the-uk.co.uk/pics/onesh.html|title=Shilling|publisher=Coins of the UK|
Early
==In popular culture==
[[File:Guildhall Museum Collection- Drusilla Dunford Money Table Sampler 3304.JPG|thumb|A [[Sampler (needlework)|sampler]] in the [[Rochester Guildhall|Guildhall Museum]] of [[Rochester, Medway|Rochester]] illustrates the conversion between pence and shillings, going up in units of ten old pennies.]]
A slang name for a shilling was a "bob" (plural as singular, as in "that cost me two bob"). The first recorded use was in a case of [[counterfeiting|coining]] heard at the [[Old Bailey]] in 1789, when it was described as [[:wikt:cant|cant]], "well understood among a certain set of people", but heard only among criminals and their associates.<ref>''Sessions Papers'' of the [[Old Bailey]] for 3 June 1789, quoted in {{cite book|title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|edition=2|year=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|chapter=bob, n.<sup>8</sup>}}</ref>
In
To "take the [[King's shilling]]" was to enlist in the army or navy, a phrase dating back to the early 19th century.<ref name="bbch">{{
To "cut someone off with a shilling", often quoted as "cut off ''without'' a shilling" means to disinherit. Although having no basis in English law,
A popular legend holds that a shilling was the value of a cow in [[Kent]], or a sheep elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerald Kennedy|title=A Second Reader's Notebook|url=https://archive.org/details/secondreadersnot00kenn|url-access=registration|year=1959|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York}}</ref>
== Mintages ==
[[File:Great Britain, 1853 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1838-1887. Engravers [[William Wyon]] and [[Jean Baptiste Merlen]].]]
[[File:Great Britain, 1887 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1887-1889. Engravers [[Joseph Edgar Boehm]] and [[Leonard Charles Wyon]].]]
[[File:Great Britain, 1897 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1893-1901. Engravers [[Thomas Brock]] and [[Edward Poynter]].]]
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Club|first=Online Coin|title=Shilling, Coin Type from United Kingdom|url=https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/United_Kingdom/Shilling/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Online Coin Club|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025013508/https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/United_Kingdom/Shilling/|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Victoria'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em }}
*1838 - 1,956,240
*1839 - 5,666,760
*1840 - 1,639,440
*1841 - 875,160
*1842 - 2,094,840
*1843 - 1,465,200
*1844 - 4,466,760
*1845 - 4,082,760
*1846 - 4,031,280
*1848 - 1,041,480
*1849 - 645,480
*1850 - 685,080
*1851 - 470,071
*1852 - 1,306,574
*1853 - 4,256,188
*1854 - 522,414
*1855 - 1,368,499
*1856 - 3,168,600
*1857 - 2,562,120
*1858 - 3,108,600
*1859 - 4,561,920
*1860 - 1,671,120
*1861 - 1,382,040
*1862 - 954,360
*1863 - 839,320
*1864 - 4,518,360
*1865 - 5,619,240
*1866 - 4,989,600
*1867 - 2,166,120
*1868 - 3,330,360
*1869 - 736,560
*1870 - 1,467,471
*1871 - 4,910,010
*1872 - 8,897,781
*1873 - 6,589,598
*1874 - 5,503,747
*1875 - 4,353,983
*1876 - 1,057,387
*1877 - 2,980,703
*1878 - 3,127,131
*1879 - 3,611,407
*1880 - 4,842,786
*1881 - 5,255,332
*1882 - 1,611,786
*1883 - 7,281,450
*1884 - 3,923,993
*1885 - 3,336,527
*1886 - 2,086,819
*1887 - 4,034,133
*1888 - 4,526,856
*1889 - 7,039,628
*1890 - 8,794,042
*1891 - 5,665,348
*1892 - 4,591,622
*1893 - 7,040,386
*1894 - 5,953,152
*1895 - 8,880,651
*1896 - 9,264,551
*1897 - 6,270,364
*1898 - 9,768,703
*1899 - 10,965,382
*1900 - 10,937,590
*1901 - 3,426,294
{{div col end}}
'''Edward VII'''
*1902 - 7,905,604
*1903 - 2,061,823
*1904 - 2,040,161
*1905 - 488,390
*1906 - 10,791,025
*1907 - 14,083,418
*1908 - 3,806,969
*1909 - 5,664,982
*1910 - 26,547,236
'''George V'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em }}
*1911 - 20,065,908; 6,000 (Proof)
*1912 - 15,594,009
*1913 - 9,011,509
*1914 - 23,415,843
*1915 - 39,279,024
*1916 - 35,862,015
*1917 - 22,202,608
*1918 - 34,915,934
*1919 - 10,823,824
*1920 - 22,865,142
*1921 - 22,648,763
*1922 - 27,215,738
*1923 - 14,575,243
*1924 - 9,250,095
*1925 - 5,418,764
*1926 - 22,516,453
*1927 - 9,262,244
*1928 - 18,136,778
*1929 - 19,343,006
*1930 - 3,137,092
*1931 - 6,993,926
*1932 - 12,168,101
*1933 - 11,511,624
*1934 - 6,138,463
*1935 - 9,183,462
*1936 - 11,910,613
{{div col end}}
'''George VI'''
{{Column
|1 =
English Crest
*1937 - 8,359,524; 26,000 (Proof)
*1938 - 4,833,436
*1939 - 11,052,677
*1940 - 11,099,126
*1941 - 11,391,883
*1942 - 17,453,643
*1943 - 11,404,213
*1944 - 11,586,751
*1945 - 15,143,404
*1946 - 18,663,797
*1947 - 12,120,611
*1948 - 45,576,923
*1949 - 19,328,405
*1950 - 19,261,385; 17,500 (Proof)
*1951 - 9,956,930; 20,000 (Proof)
|2 =
Scottish Crest
*1937 - 6,775,877; 26,000 (Proof)
*1938 - 4,797,852
*1939 - 10,263,892
*1940 - 9,913,089
*1941 - 8,086,830
*1942 - 13,676,759
*1943 - 9,824,214
*1944 - 10,990,167
*1945 - 15,106,270
*1946 - 16,381,501
*1947 - 12,283,223
*1948 - 45,351,937
*1949 - 21,243,074
*1950 - 14,299,614; 18,000 (Proof)
*1951 - 10,961,174; 20,000 (Proof)
}}
'''Elizabeth II'''
{{Column
|1 =
English Shield
*1953 - 41,943,800; 40,000 (Proof)
*1954 - 30,162,032
*1955 - 45,259,908
*1956 - 44,970,009
*1957 - 42,774,217
*1958 - 14,392,305
*1959 - 19,442,778
*1960 - 27,027,932
*1961 - 39,816,907
*1962 - 36,704,374
*1963 - 44,714,000
*1964 - 13,617,440
*1965 - 11,236,000
*1966 - 15,002,000
*1970 - 750,476 (Proof only)
|2 =
Scottish Shield
*1953 - 20,663,528; 40,000 (Proof)
*1954 - 26,771,735
*1955 - 27,950,906
*1956 - 42,853,639
*1957 - 17,959,988
*1958 - 40,822,557
*1959 - 1,012,988
*1960 - 14,375,932
*1961 - 2,762,558
*1962 - 18,967,310
*1963 - 32,300,000
*1964 - 5,246,560
*1965 - 31,364,000
*1966 - 15,604,000
*1970 - 750,476 (Proof only)
}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em|group=nb}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/United_Kingdom/Shilling/ Online Coin Club / Coin Type: Shilling] – Listing of all issued shillings, with mintages, descriptions and photos
{{British coinage}}
{{Shilling}}
{{Portal bar|Money|Numismatics|United Kingdom}}
[[Category:Coins of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of British coinage]]
[[Category:Pre-decimalisation coins of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Shillings]]
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