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{{short description|Former official unit of currency of the United Kingdom and other territories}}
{{Infobox coin
| Country = United Kingdom
| Denomination = One [[shilling]]
| Value =
| Unit =
| Mass = (1816–1970) 5.66
| Diameter = (1816–1970) 23.60
| Thickness =
| Edge = Milled
| Composition = {{plainlist|
* (1503–1816) [[Silver]] * (1816–1920) [[Sterling silver|92.5% Ag]] * (1920–1946) 50% Ag * (1947–1970) [[Cupronickel]]{{#tag:ref|75% [[Copper|Cu]] and 25% [[Nickel|Ni]]|group="nb"}} }}
| Years of Minting = {{Circa|1548}}{{snd}}1966
| Catalog Number =
| Obverse = File:British_shilling_1963_obverse.png
Line 20 ⟶ 26:
| Reverse Design Date = 1947
}}
The [[United Kingdom|British]] '''shilling''',
Before [[Decimal Day]] in 1971, sterling used the [[Carolingian monetary system]] ("[[£sd]]"), under which the largest unit was a pound (£) divided into 20 shillings (s), each of 12 pence (d).
Although the coin was not minted until the
The notation {{code|ss/dd}} for a number of shillings and pence was widely used (e.g., "19/11" for nineteen shillings and eleven pence). The form {{code|ss/–}} was used for a number of shillings and zero pence (e.g., "5/–" for five shillings exactly).
==History==
[[File:Edward_VI_77001683.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Shilling of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], struck between 1551 and 1553]]
The first coins of the pound sterling with the value of 12d were minted in 1503<ref name="Rees1819">{{cite book|author=Abraham Rees|title=The Cyclopaedia; Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature.
Shillings were minted during the
The Royal Mint debased the silver coinage in 1920 from 92.5% silver to 50% silver. Shillings of both alloys were minted that year.<ref name="Groom2010">{{cite book|author=David Groom|title=The Identification of British 20th Century Silver Coin Varieties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nd5nAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|date=10 July 2010|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4457-5301-0|pages=44|access-date=6 October 2016|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115080535/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nd5nAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|url-status=live}}{{self-published source|date=February 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}} This debasement was done because of the rising price of silver around the world, and followed the global trend of the elimination, or the reducing in purity, of the silver in coinage.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Numismatist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0NmAAAAMAAJ|year=1972|publisher=American Numismatic Association}}</ref> The minting of silver coinage of the pound sterling ceased completely
Beginning with [[John Wrottesley, 1st Baron Wrottesley|Lord Wrottesley's]] proposals in the 1820s there were various attempts to decimalise the pound sterling over the next century and a half.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bankers' Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meYzAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA139|year=1855|publisher=Waterlow |page=139}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Revolution in Measurement
==Design==
[[File:Scottish Shilling Reverse.png|thumb|right|200px|The Scottish reverse design of a 1966 shilling.]]
Testoons issued during the reign of Henry VII feature a right-facing portrait of the king on the obverse. Surrounding the portrait is the inscription {{small|HENRICUS DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRA}}, or similar, meaning "
[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] testoons have a different reverse design, featuring a crowned [[Tudor rose]], but those of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] return to the Royal Arms design used previously.<ref name="CotUK">{{cite web|url=http://www.coins-of-the-uk.co.uk/pics/onesh.html|title=Shilling|publisher=Coins of the UK|
Early shillings of [[James VI and I|James I]] feature the alternative reverse inscription {{small|EXURGAT DEUS DISSIPENTUR INIMICI}}, meaning "
==In popular culture==
Line 49 ⟶ 57:
A slang name for a shilling was a "bob" (plural as singular, as in "that cost me two bob"). The first recorded use was in a case of [[counterfeiting|coining]] heard at the [[Old Bailey]] in 1789, when it was described as [[:wikt:cant|cant]], "well understood among a certain set of people", but heard only among criminals and their associates.<ref>''Sessions Papers'' of the [[Old Bailey]] for 3 June 1789, quoted in {{cite book|title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|edition=2|year=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|chapter=bob, n.<sup>8</sup>}}</ref>
In
To "take the [[King's shilling]]" was to enlist in the army or navy, a phrase dating back to the early 19th century.<ref name="bbch">{{cite web |url=
To "cut someone off with a shilling", often quoted as "cut off ''without'' a shilling" means to disinherit. Although having no basis in
A popular legend holds that a shilling was the value of a cow in [[Kent]], or a sheep elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerald Kennedy|title=A Second Reader's Notebook|url=https://archive.org/details/secondreadersnot00kenn|url-access=registration|year=1959|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York}}</ref>
== Mintages ==
[[File:Great Britain, 1853 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1838-1887. Engravers [[William Wyon]] and [[Jean Baptiste Merlen]].]]
[[File:Great Britain, 1887 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1887-1889. Engravers [[Joseph Edgar Boehm]] and [[Leonard Charles Wyon]].]]
[[File:Great Britain, 1897 - 1 shilling, Victoria.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria Shilling, 1893-1901. Engravers [[Thomas Brock]] and [[Edward Poynter]].]]
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Club|first=Online Coin|title=Shilling, Coin Type from United Kingdom|url=https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/United_Kingdom/Shilling/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Online Coin Club|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025013508/https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/United_Kingdom/Shilling/|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Victoria'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em }}
*1838 - 1,956,240
*1839 - 5,666,760
*1840 - 1,639,440
*1841 - 875,160
*1842 - 2,094,840
*1843 - 1,465,200
*1844 - 4,466,760
*1845 - 4,082,760
*1846 - 4,031,280
*1848 - 1,041,480
*1849 - 645,480
*1850 - 685,080
*1851 - 470,071
*1852 - 1,306,574
*1853 - 4,256,188
*1854 - 522,414
*1855 - 1,368,499
*1856 - 3,168,600
*1857 - 2,562,120
*1858 - 3,108,600
*1859 - 4,561,920
*1860 - 1,671,120
*1861 - 1,382,040
*1862 - 954,360
*1863 - 839,320
*1864 - 4,518,360
*1865 - 5,619,240
*1866 - 4,989,600
*1867 - 2,166,120
*1868 - 3,330,360
*1869 - 736,560
*1870 - 1,467,471
*1871 - 4,910,010
*1872 - 8,897,781
*1873 - 6,589,598
*1874 - 5,503,747
*1875 - 4,353,983
*1876 - 1,057,387
*1877 - 2,980,703
*1878 - 3,127,131
*1879 - 3,611,407
*1880 - 4,842,786
*1881 - 5,255,332
*1882 - 1,611,786
*1883 - 7,281,450
*1884 - 3,923,993
*1885 - 3,336,527
*1886 - 2,086,819
*1887 - 4,034,133
*1888 - 4,526,856
*1889 - 7,039,628
*1890 - 8,794,042
*1891 - 5,665,348
*1892 - 4,591,622
*1893 - 7,040,386
*1894 - 5,953,152
*1895 - 8,880,651
*1896 - 9,264,551
*1897 - 6,270,364
*1898 - 9,768,703
*1899 - 10,965,382
*1900 - 10,937,590
*1901 - 3,426,294
{{div col end}}
'''Edward VII'''
*1902 - 7,905,604
*1903 - 2,061,823
*1904 - 2,040,161
*1905 - 488,390
*1906 - 10,791,025
*1907 - 14,083,418
*1908 - 3,806,969
*1909 - 5,664,982
*1910 - 26,547,236
'''George V'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em }}
*1911 - 20,065,908; 6,000 (Proof)
*1912 - 15,594,009
*1913 - 9,011,509
*1914 - 23,415,843
*1915 - 39,279,024
*1916 - 35,862,015
*1917 - 22,202,608
*1918 - 34,915,934
*1919 - 10,823,824
*1920 - 22,865,142
*1921 - 22,648,763
*1922 - 27,215,738
*1923 - 14,575,243
*1924 - 9,250,095
*1925 - 5,418,764
*1926 - 22,516,453
*1927 - 9,262,244
*1928 - 18,136,778
*1929 - 19,343,006
*1930 - 3,137,092
*1931 - 6,993,926
*1932 - 12,168,101
*1933 - 11,511,624
*1934 - 6,138,463
*1935 - 9,183,462
*1936 - 11,910,613
{{div col end}}
'''George VI'''
{{Column
|1 =
English Crest
*1937 - 8,359,524; 26,000 (Proof)
*1938 - 4,833,436
*1939 - 11,052,677
*1940 - 11,099,126
*1941 - 11,391,883
*1942 - 17,453,643
*1943 - 11,404,213
*1944 - 11,586,751
*1945 - 15,143,404
*1946 - 18,663,797
*1947 - 12,120,611
*1948 - 45,576,923
*1949 - 19,328,405
*1950 - 19,261,385; 17,500 (Proof)
*1951 - 9,956,930; 20,000 (Proof)
|2 =
Scottish Crest
*1937 - 6,775,877; 26,000 (Proof)
*1938 - 4,797,852
*1939 - 10,263,892
*1940 - 9,913,089
*1941 - 8,086,830
*1942 - 13,676,759
*1943 - 9,824,214
*1944 - 10,990,167
*1945 - 15,106,270
*1946 - 16,381,501
*1947 - 12,283,223
*1948 - 45,351,937
*1949 - 21,243,074
*1950 - 14,299,614; 18,000 (Proof)
*1951 - 10,961,174; 20,000 (Proof)
}}
'''Elizabeth II'''
{{Column
|1 =
English Shield
*1953 - 41,943,800; 40,000 (Proof)
*1954 - 30,162,032
*1955 - 45,259,908
*1956 - 44,970,009
*1957 - 42,774,217
*1958 - 14,392,305
*1959 - 19,442,778
*1960 - 27,027,932
*1961 - 39,816,907
*1962 - 36,704,374
*1963 - 44,714,000
*1964 - 13,617,440
*1965 - 11,236,000
*1966 - 15,002,000
*1970 - 750,476 (Proof only)
|2 =
Scottish Shield
*1953 - 20,663,528; 40,000 (Proof)
*1954 - 26,771,735
*1955 - 27,950,906
*1956 - 42,853,639
*1957 - 17,959,988
*1958 - 40,822,557
*1959 - 1,012,988
*1960 - 14,375,932
*1961 - 2,762,558
*1962 - 18,967,310
*1963 - 32,300,000
*1964 - 5,246,560
*1965 - 31,364,000
*1966 - 15,604,000
*1970 - 750,476 (Proof only)
}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em|group=nb}}
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==External links==
* [
{{British coinage}}
{{Shilling}}
{{Portal bar|Money|Numismatics|United Kingdom}}
[[Category:Coins of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of British coinage]]
[[Category:Pre-decimalisation coins of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Shillings]]
|