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{{Short description|Genus of rodents}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Shrewlike rats
| fossil_range = Recent
| image = Celænomys silaceus and Rhynchomys soricoides.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Rhynchomys soricoides]]'' (lower animal)
| display_parents = 2
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylumtaxon = [[Chordata]]Rhynchomys
| genus_authorityauthority = [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1895▼
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| genustype_species = '''''Rhynchomys''' soricoides''▼
| ordo = [[Rodent]]ia
| familia = [[Muridae]]
| subfamilia = [[Murinae]]
▲| genus = '''''Rhynchomys'''''
▲| genus_authority = [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1895
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''[[Rhynchomys banahao]]''<br/>
''[[Rhynchomys isarogensis]]''<br/>
''[[Rhynchomys labo]]''<br/>
''[[Rhynchomys mingan]]''<br/>
''[[Rhynchomys soricoides]]''<br/>
''[[Rhynchomys tapulao]]''
| range_map = Distribution Rhynchomys.png
| range_map_upright = 1.2
| range_map_width = 200px
| range_map_caption = Distribution of shrewlike rats on [[Luzon Island]]. Orange = ''R. soricoides'', red = ''R. tapulao'', blue = ''R. banahao'', and green = ''R. isarogensis''.
}}
 
The '''shrewlike rats''', [[genus]] '''''Rhynchomys''''', also known as the '''tweezer-beaked rats''' are a group of unusual [[Murinae|Old World rats]] found only on the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]]. They look a great deal like [[shrew]]s and are an example of [[convergent evolution]]. Shrewlike rats evolved to be vermivores ([[wormVermivore|vermivores]]-eaters) and [[insectivore]]s feeding on [[Soft-bodied organisms|soft-bodied]] [[invertebrate]]s associated with [[leaf litter]].
 
==Characteristics==
The snout and [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] are very long. Eyes are small. Head and body is 18.8–21.5 &nbsp;cm with a tail 10.5–14.6 &nbsp;cm.<ref (Nowak, 1999).name="Nowak1999" /> Only two [[molar (tooth)|molar]]s are present on each side of the upper and lower jaws; these are small and peg-like. [[Incisor]]s are described as [[Sewing needle|needle]]-like and [[mandible]]s as delicate.<ref name="Nowak1999">{{cite book|author1= (Nowak, 1999;R. BaleteM.|author2= etWalker, alE. P.|title= Walker's Mammals of the World|url= https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa|url-access= registration|year= 1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn= 978-0801857898}}</ref><ref name = "Balete2007" /> Their characteristic method of locomotion has given rise to the epithet "hopping rats," 2007)describing their method of pouncing on an earthworm prey before it can slide back into its hole.<ref>{{cite web |title=3 Questions with a Scientist: Hopping Rats |url=https://www.fieldmuseum.org/blog/3-questions-scientist-hopping-rats |publisher=Field Museum of Natural History |access-date=4 December 2021 |date=June 6, 2019}}</ref>
 
==Distribution==
Shrewlike rats are found at elevations of 1,100 to 2,460 meters.<ref (Nowak,name="Nowak1999" 1999;/><ref Baletename et= al., 2007)."Balete2007" /> They are restricted to moist, mossy highland regions with ample rainfall and large populations of [[earthworm]]s. Populations appear to be very isolated, restricted to "[[sky island]]s" of Luzon. Specimens have been collected from [[Mount Bali-it|Mt. Bali-it]] and [[Mount Data|Mt. Data]] of the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Central Cordillera]] (''R. soricoides''), [[Mount Tapulao|Mt. Tapulao]] of the [[Zambales Mountains]] (''R. tapulao''),<ref name = "Balete2007" /> [[Mount Banahaw|Mount Banahao]] (''R. banahao''),<ref andname = "Balete2007" /> [[Mount Isarog]] (''R. isarogensis'';), Balete[[Mount etLabo|Mt. alLabo]] of the [[Bicol Peninsula]] (''R., 2007labo'')<ref name="Rickart2019" /> and [[Mount Mingan|Mt. Mingan]] of the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] (''R. mingan'').<ref name="Rickart2019" />
 
==Relationships==
Musser and Heaney (1992) recognized ''Rhynchomys'' asis an [[Oldold Endemicendemic]] of the Philippines.<ref name They= considered"Musser2006">{{cite journal|author1=Musser, G. G. |author2=L. R. Heaney |name-list-style=amp |year= 2006|hdl=2246/906|title= Philippine rodents: Definitions of ''Tarsomys'' and ''Limnomys'' plus a preliminary assessment of phylogenetic patterns among native Philippine murines (Murinae, Muridae)|journal= [[Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History]]|volume= 211|pages=1–138}}</ref> The genus is distinct enough to give it its own group distinct from all other Oldold Endemicsendemics.<ref name Musser= and"Musser2006" Carleton/> (2005)It was classified it as part of the ''Chrotomys'' Divisiondivision along with ''[[Apomys]]'', ''[[Archboldomys]]'', and ''[[Chrotomys]]''.<ref name Jansa= etMSW3>{{MSW3 al.Muroidea (2006)| supportedid this= relationship13001799 and| determinedpages that= 1497–1498 | heading = Genus ''Rhynchomys''}}</ref> withinWithin this division, ''Rhynchomys'' is most closely related to the other Philippine shrew-rats in the genusgenera ''Archboldomys'' and ''Chrotomys''.<ref name = "Jansa2006">{{cite journal|author1= Jansa, S.|author2= Barker, F. K.|author3= Heaney, L. R.|title= The pattern and timing of diversification of Philippine endemic rodents: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences|pmid=16507525|year=2006|volume=55|issue=1|pages=73–88|doi=10.1080/10635150500431254|journal=[[Systematic Biology]]|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 
==Species==
From 1895 until 1981, ''Rhynchomys'' was only known from a few specimens taken from near the type locality of ''R. soricoides''. In 1981, this was expanded by one species with the discovery and description of ''R. isarogensis''. In 2007, two species, ''R. banahao'' and ''R. tapulao'', were described from Mt. Banahao and Mt. Tapulao, respectively.<ref name = "Balete2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-090R.1 | last1 = Balete | first1 = D. S. | last2 = Rickart | first2 = E. A. | last3 = Rosell-Ambal | first3 = R.G.B. | last4 = Jansa | first4 = S. | last5 = Heaney | first5 = L. R. | title = Descriptions of Two New Species of ''Rhynchomys'' Thomas (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) from Luzon Island, Philippines | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 88 | issue = 2 | pages = 287–301 | year = 2007 | jstor = 4498659| doi-access = }}</ref> In 2019, two additional species were described, ''R. labo'' and ''R. mingan'' from [[Mount Labo|Mt. Labo]] and [[Mount Mingan|Mt. Mingan]], respectively.<ref name = "Lanese2019">{{cite web |url= https://www.sciencenews.org/article/two-new-species-hopping-rats-discovered-worms|title= Worms lure two new species of hopping rats out of obscurity|last= Lanese|first= M.|date= 6 June 2019|website= [[Science News]]|publisher= |access-date= 2016-06-09|archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref><ref name="Rickart2019">{{cite journal|last1= Rickart|first1=E. A|last2= Balete|first2=D. S|last3= Timm|first3=R. M|last4= Alviola|first4=P. A|last5= Esselstyn|first5=J. A|last6= Heaney|first6=L. R|title= Two new species of shrew-rats (''Rhynchomys'': Muridae: Rodentia) from Luzon Island, Philippines|journal= Journal of Mammalogy|year= 2019|doi= 10.1093/jmammal/gyz066|hdl= 1808/29417|hdl-access= free}}</ref>
From 1895 until 1981, ''Rhynchomys'' was only known from a few specimens taken from near the type locality of ''R. soricoides''. In 1981, this was expanded by one species with the discovery and description of ''R. isarogensis''. In April, 2007, Balete and colleagues described two additional species, ''R. banahao'' and ''R. tapulao'' from Mount Banahao and Mount Tapulao, respectively.
 
* ''[[RhynchomysBanahao banahaoshrew-rat]] (''Rhynchomys banahao'') <small>Balete,[[Danilo Rickart,S. Rosell-Ambal,Balete|Balete]] Jansa, &''et Heaneyal.'', 2007</small>
* [[Isarog Shrewlike Ratshrew-rat]], (''[[Rhynchomys isarogensis]]'') <small>Musser and Freeman, 1981</small>
* [[MountLabo Data Shrew Ratshrew-rat]] – (''[[Rhynchomys soricoides]]labo'') <small>ThomasRickart ''et al.'', 18952019</small>
* ''[[RhynchomysMingan tapulaoshrew-rat]] (''Rhynchomys mingan'') <small>Balete, Rickart, Rosell-Ambal,''et Jansa, & Heaneyal.'', 20072019</small>
* [[Mount Data shrew-rat]] (''Rhynchomys soricoides'') <small>Thomas, 1895</small>
* [[Tapulao shrew-rat]] (''Rhynchomys tapulao'') <small>[[Danilo S. Balete|Balete]] ''et al.'', 2007</small>
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite doi|10.1644/06-MAMM-A-090R.1}}
 
* {{cite journal|author=Jansa, S., F. K. Barker, and L. R. Heaney|title= The pattern and timing of diversification of Philippine endemic rodents: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences|pmid=16507525|year=2006|volume=55|issue=1|pages=73–88|doi=10.1080/10635150500431254|journal=Systematic biology}}
{{Murinae (Aethomys–Chrotomys)}}
* Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 in ''Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference''. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
{{Myomorpha|E.|state=collapsed}}
* {{cite journal|author=Musser, G. G. and L. R. Heaney|year= 2006|id={{hdl|2246/906}}|title= Philippine rodents: Definitions of ''Tarsomys'' and ''Limnomys'' plus a preliminary assessment of phylogenetic patterns among native Philippine murines (Murinae, Muridae)|journal= Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume= 211|pages=1–138}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1189626}}
* Nowak, R.M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
 
{{Murinae|A.}}
[[Category:OldRats Worldof rats and miceAsia]]
[[Category:Rhynchomys]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Fauna of Luzon]]
[[Category:Rodents of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas]]
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