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{{short description|1925 string piano composition by Henry Cowell}}
{{short description|1925 string piano composition by Henry Cowell}}'''The Banshee''' (1925{{Audio||listen}}) is a [[string piano]] composition by [[Americans|American]] [[composer]] and [[music theorist]] [[Henry Cowell]] (1897–1965). It was the first [[piano]] piece composed to be performed entirely free of the keyboard, using only manual manipulation of the [[Piano string|strings]] within the instrument to produce sound.<ref name=":0">MARIA CIZMIC. "Embodied Experimentalism and Henry Cowell's The Banshee." ''American Music'' 28, no. 4 (2010): 436-58. doi:10.5406/americanmusic.28.4.0436.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Cowell|title=Henry Cowell {{!}} American composer|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2011/10/tricks-or-treats-henry-cowell-the-banshee/|title=Tricks or Treats: Henry Cowell - The Banshee|date=2011-10-09|website=Consequence of Sound|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>
[[File:Banshee.jpg|thumb|upright 1.5|The [[banshee]], a wailing spirit in [[Celtic paganism|Celtic mythology]], serves as the inspiration for the piece]]
{{short description|1925 string piano composition by Henry Cowell}}'''The Banshee''' (1925{{Audio||listen}}) is a [[string piano]] composition by [[Americans|American]] [[composer]] and [[music theorist]] [[Henry Cowell]] (1897–1965). It was the first [[piano]] piece composedever written to be performed entirely free of the keyboard, using only manual manipulation of the [[Piano string|strings]] within the instrument to produce sound via the flesh and [[fingernail|nails]] of the [[finger]].<ref name=":0">MARIA CIZMIC. "Embodied Experimentalism and Henry Cowell's The Banshee." ''American Music'' 28, no. 4 (2010): 436-58. doi:10.5406/americanmusic.28.4.0436.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Cowell|title=Henry Cowell {{!}} American composer|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2011/10/tricks-or-treats-henry-cowell-the-banshee/|title=Tricks or Treats: Henry Cowell - The Banshee|date=2011-10-09|website=Consequence of Sound|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>
 
Cowell stated that his inspiration in creating the "stringpiano[[string piano]]" method of playing came from a desire to reinvent the landscape of [[piano technique]], finding new usages and sounds for old instruments without necessarily inventing new ones. In addition to the string piano method changing the technical execution of producing sound, performance of ''The Banshee'' also required the performer to play the instrument in a new orientation, standing in the crook of the piano perpendicular to the strings, rather than seated at a bench.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cizmic|first=Maria|date=2010-11-24|title=Embodied Experimentalism and Henry Cowell's The Banshee|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/403067|journal=American Music|language=en|volume=28|issue=4|pages=436–458|doi=10.5406/americanmusic.28.4.0436|s2cid=193906668 |issn=1945-2349}}</ref> This process of re-education was an intentional element of the piece, making [[Music school|conservatory]]-trained pianists re-assume the role of a new student, forced to individually pick out the notes on the strings to learn their placement. Due to this performance style, ''The Banshee'' was also a disruption of the contemporary expectations of [[piano recital]]srecitals, intended to create discomfort for the audience as well as the [[pianist]].<ref name=":0" />
 
NotedNotated an octave higher, the score specifies 12 different methods for playing the strings, including the scraping of fingernails, using the flat of the hand, and the flesh of the fingers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/composition/the-banshee-for-piano-strings-hc-405-mc0002355633|title=The Banshee, for piano strings, HC… {{!}} Details|website=AllMusic|language=en-us|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaIByDlFINk The Banshee] video of performance by Joan Cerveró and Víctor Trescolí
 
{{Henry Cowell}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Banshee}}
[[Category:Compositions20th-century forclassical pianomusic]]
[[Category:1925 compositions]]
[[Category:Compositions by Henry Cowell]]
[[Category:Compositions for solo piano]]
[[Category:Compositions that use extended techniques]]
[[Category:Modernist compositions]]
 
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