Theology of Martin Luther: Difference between revisions

In the centuries leading up to the [[Reformation]], an "[[Augustinianism|Augustinian]] Renaissance" revived interest in the thought of [[Augustine of Hippo]] (354-430).{{sfn|George|1988|p=49}} Augustine is widely regarded as the most influential [[Patristics|patristic]] figure for the Reformation.{{sfn|Pelikan|1987}} Martin Luther, an [[Augustinian friar]], rooted his theology of salvation deeply in [[Augustinian soteriology]],{{sfn|George|1988|p=48}} alongside [[Huldrych Zwingli]] (1484–1531),{{sfn|Stephens|1986|p=153}} and [[John Calvin]] (1509–1564).{{sfn|McMahon|2012|pp=7–9}} Augustine's theology was grounded in divine [[monergism]],{{sfn|Barrett|2013|p=xxvii|loc={{zwnj}}|ps=. "[D]ivine monergism is the view of Augustine and the Augustinians."}} and implied a [[double predestination]].{{sfn|James|1998|p=103|ps=. "If one asks, whether double predestination is a logical implication or development of Augustine's doctrine, the answer must be in the affirmative."}} Similarly, Luther's vision centered also on divine monergism, strictly applied to [[soteriological]] aspects.{{sfn|Straton|2020|p=159|ps=. "Luther: A person's will is in bondage to sin and cannot, without the grace of God, respond to the gospel. However, apart from salvation-related issues, people can choose freely".}}{{sfn|AKinAkin|Dockery|Finn|2023|loc=Ch. History of the Doctrine of Providence|ps=. "Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin fully embraced the monergism incipient in Augustine."}} He affirmed that God governed both [[Election in Christianity|election]] to [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]] and [[reprobation]].{{sfn|Horton|2011|loc=ch. 9.2|ps=. "In fact, Luther affirmed both election and reprobation in the strongest terms."}}{{sfn|Sammons|2020|p=60|ps=. "Luther presents double predestination clearly, basing it on his understanding of God."}}