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Line 2: {{About\|the capital of Ontario, Canada}} {{Redirect\|City of Toronto\|the city's government\|Municipal government of Toronto}} {{Pp-move}} {{Pp-vandalism\|small=yes}} Line 55 ⟶ 56: \| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada\|Province]] \| subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]] \| parts_type = [[Amalgamation of Toronto\|~~Districts~~Communities]] \| parts = {{hlist\|[[East York]]\|[[Etobicoke]]\|[[North York]]\|[[Old Toronto]]\|[[Scarborough, Ontario\|Scarborough]]\|[[York, Toronto\|York]]}} \| established_title1 = Established Line 66 ⟶ 67: \| established_date4 = {{start date and age\|1998\|01\|01\|mf=y}} (as current City of Toronto) \| government_type = [[List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities\|Single-tier municipality]] with a [[Mayor–council government\|mayor–council system]] \| ~~leader_name2~~ governing_body = [[Toronto City Council]]▼ \| leader_title = [[Mayor of Toronto\|Mayor]] \| leader_name = [[Olivia Chow]] Line 79 ⟶ 81: \| elevation_m = 76.5 \| population_as_of = [[2021 Canadian census\|2021]] \| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web \|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census \|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Toronto&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 \|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca \|date=February 9, 2022 \|publisher=Statistics Canada \|access-date=February 10, 2022 \|archive-date=February 10, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210174708/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Toronto&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 \|url-status=live}}</ref> \| population_rank = [[List of North American cities by population\|4th]] in North America<br />[[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population\|1st]] in Canada \| population_density_km2 = 4,427.8 Line 95 ⟶ 97: \| area_codes = [[Area codes 416, 647, and 437\|416, 647, 437]] \| unemployment_rate = \| ~~blank_name_sec2~~blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product\|GDP]] (Toronto {{Abbr\|CMA\|Census metropolitan area}}) \| ~~blank_info_sec2~~blank_info_sec1 = ~~[[Canadian dollar~~{{CAD\|~~CA$]]~~link=yes}}430.9 billion (2020)<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 \| title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) \| date=December 6, 2023 }}</ref> \| ~~blank1_name_sec2~~blank1_name_sec1 = GDP per capita (Toronto {{Abbr\|CMA\|Census metropolitan area}}) \| ~~blank1_info_sec2~~blank1_info_sec1 = ~~CA$~~{{CAD}}62,873 (2019) ~~\| leader_title2 = Body~~ ▲\| leader_name2 = [[Toronto City Council]] \| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone\|EST]] \| utc_offset = −05:00 Line 109: }} '''Toronto''' is the [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population\|most populous city in Canada]] and the [[capital city]] of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada\|Canadian<!--Do not remove--> province]] of [[Ontario]]. With a population of <!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]-->2,794,356<!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]--> in 2021<!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]-->,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|last=Government of Canada \|first=Statistics Canada \|date=February 9, 2022 \|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population \|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E \|access-date=February 10, 2022 \|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca \|archive-date=February 9, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E \|url-status=live}}</ref> it is the [[List of North American cities by population\|fourth-most populous city in North America]]. The city is the anchor of the [[Golden Horseshoe]], an urban agglomeration of <!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]-->9,765,188<!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]--> people (as of <!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]-->2021<!--Please don't change until the 2026 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANPOP]]-->) surrounding the western end of [[Lake Ontario]],<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial population dynamics, Greater Golden Horseshoe \|url=http://geodepot.statcan.gc.ca/Diss/Maps/ThematicMaps/regional_horseshoe_e.cfm \|url-status= \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091530/http://geodepot.statcan.gc.ca/Diss/Maps/ThematicMaps/regional_horseshoe_e.cfm \|archive-date=January 30, 2018 \|website=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population}}</ref> while the [[Greater Toronto Area]] proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341.<ref name=":2" /> Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports, and culture and is one of the most [[multiculturalism\|multicultural]] and [[cosmopolitanism\|cosmopolitan]] cities in the world.<ref name="Vipond2017">{{cite book \|author=Robert Vipond \|title=Making a Global City: How One Toronto School Embraced Diversity \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_p7CDgAAQBAJ&pg=PP147 \|date=April 24, 2017 \|publisher=University of Toronto Press \|isbn=978-1-4426-2443-6 \|page=147}}</ref><ref name="Varady2012">{{cite book \|author=David P. Varady \|title=Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uifwpL0qZ_EC&pg=PA3 \|date=February 2012 \|publisher=SUNY Press \|isbn=978-0-7914-8328-2 \|page=3}}</ref><ref name="HuskenNeubert2011">{{cite book \|author1=Ute Husken \|author2=Frank Neubert \|title=Negotiating Rites \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhtwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 \|date=November 7, 2011 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-981230-1 \|page=163}}</ref> [[Indigenous peoples in Canada\|Indigenous peoples]] have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping [[plateau]] interspersed with [[Toronto ravine system\|rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest]], for more than 10,000 years.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dd058d577e312410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|title=First Peoples, 9000 BCE to 1600 CE – The History of Toronto: An 11,000-Year Journey – Virtual Exhibits {{pipe}} City of Toronto \|website=toronto.ca \|access-date=April 30, 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416111209/https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dd058d577e312410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> After the broadly disputed [[Toronto Purchase]], when the [[Mississaugas\|Mississauga]] surrendered the area to the [[The Crown\|British Crown]],{{sfn\|Johnson \|Wilson \|1989 \|p=34}} the British established the town of [[York, Upper Canada\|York]] in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of [[Upper Canada]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.dalzielbarn.com/pages/TheBarn/York&UpperCanada.html \|title=The early history of York & Upper Canada \|website=Dalzielbarn.com \|access-date=July 14, 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714190400/http://www.dalzielbarn.com/pages/TheBarn/York%26UpperCanada.html \|archive-date=July 14, 2015 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the [[War of 1812]], the town was the site of the [[Battle of York]] and suffered heavy damage by [[United States Armed Forces\|American troops]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2013/04/21/the_battle_of_york_200_years_ago_shaped_toronto_and_canada_editorial.html \|title=The Battle of York, 200 years ago, shaped Toronto and Canada: Editorial \|date=April 21, 2013 \|work=thestar.com \|access-date=July 14, 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711021619/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2013/04/21/the_battle_of_york_200_years_ago_shaped_toronto_and_canada_editorial.html \|archive-date=July 11, 2015 \|url-status=live}}</ref> York was [[Name of Toronto\|renamed]] and incorporated in 1834 as the [[Old Toronto\|city of Toronto]]. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite web \|last=Mangione \|first=Kendra \|date=March 6, 2014 \|title=Timeline: 180 years of Toronto history \|url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/timeline-180-years-of-toronto-history-1.1717785 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508105433/http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/timeline-180-years-of-toronto-history-1.1717785 \|archive-date=May 8, 2015 \|access-date=May 12, 2015 \|work=Toronto}}</ref> The [[city proper]] has since expanded past its original limits through both [[merger (politics)\|annexation]] and [[Amalgamation of Toronto\|amalgamation]] to its current area of {{convert\|630.2\|km2\|mi2\|abbr=on}}.~~<!--Why do all of these invisible comments exist?-->~~ The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for [[Immigration to Canada\|immigrants to Canada]].<ref name="toronto_diversity">{{cite web \|url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/policy/fed-prov/can-ont-toronto-mou.html \|title=Canada-Ontario-Toronto Memorandum of Understanding on Immigration and Settlement (electronic version) \|author=Citizenship and Immigration Canada \|date=September 2006 \|access-date=March 1, 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311043934/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/policy/fed-prov/can-ont-toronto-mou.html \|archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref name=diverse_city>{{cite book \|last=Flew \|first=Janine \|author2=Humphries, Lynn \|author3=Press, Limelight \|author4=McPhee, Margaret \|title=The Children's Visual World Atlas \|publisher=Fog City Press \|year=2004 \|location=Sydney, Australia \|page=76 \|isbn=978-1-74089-317-6}}</ref> About half of its residents were born outside of Canada and over 200 [[ethnic group\|ethnic origins]] are represented among its inhabitants.<ref name=Diversity_Toronto_Facts>{{cite web \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dbe867b42d853410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=57a12cc817453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|title=Diversity – Toronto Facts – Your City \|publisher=City of Toronto \|access-date=April 2, 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406180836/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dbe867b42d853410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=57a12cc817453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=April 6, 2015 }}</ref> While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.<ref name="2011 census: Language">{{cite web \|url=https://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/social_development_finance__administration/files/pdf/language_2011_backgrounder.pdf \|title=Social Development, Finance & Administration \|website=toronto.ca \|publisher=City of Toronto \|access-date=June 7, 2016 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618015141/http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/social_development_finance__administration/files/pdf/language_2011_backgrounder.pdf \|archive-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref> The [[mayor of Toronto]] is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government\|chief executive]] of the city. The [[Toronto City Council]] is a [[unicameralism\|unicameral]] legislative body, comprising 25 councillors since the [[2018 Toronto municipal election\|2018 municipal election]], representing geographical [[Ward (electoral subdivision)\|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="Council Members">{{cite web \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=c3a83293dc3ef310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|title=Council Members \|website=toronto.ca \|publisher=City of Toronto \|access-date=July 17, 2016 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715180346/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=c3a83293dc3ef310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=July 15, 2016 }}</ref> Line 177: As new migrants began to prosper, they moved to better housing in other areas, in what is now understood to be succession waves of settlement. Despite its fast-paced growth, by the 1920s, Toronto's population and economic importance in Canada remained second to the much longer established [[Montreal]], Quebec. However, by 1934, the Toronto Stock Exchange had become the largest in the country. [[File:Hurricane Hazel -- house2.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Flooded houses near the [[Humber River ~~(Ontario)\|Humber River]]~~ after [[Hurricane Hazel]] passed through Toronto, 1954]] In 1954, the City of Toronto and 12 surrounding municipalities were federated into a [[regional municipality\|regional government]] known as [[Metropolitan Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/repealedstatutes/english/elaws_rep_statutes_90m62_e.htm \|title=Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Act \|website=e-laws.gov.on.ca \|publisher=[[Government of Ontario]] \|year=2000 \|access-date=December 29, 2006 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105121125/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/repealedstatutes/english/elaws_rep_statutes_90m62_e.htm \|archive-date=January 5, 2011 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The postwar boom had resulted in rapid suburban development. It was believed a coordinated land-use strategy and shared services would provide greater efficiency for the region. The metropolitan government began to manage services that crossed municipal boundaries, including highways, police services, water and [[Public transport\|public transit]]. In that year, a half-century after the Great Fire of 1904, disaster struck the city again when [[Hurricane Hazel]] brought intense winds and flash flooding. In the Toronto area, 81 people were killed, nearly 1,900 families were left homeless, and the hurricane caused more than {{CAD\|25 million}} in damage.<ref name=hurricane>{{cite web \|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/002028-3200-e.html \|title=SOS! Canadian Disasters \|publisher=Library and Archives Canada \|year=2006 \|access-date=December 19, 2008 \|website=collectionscanada.gc.ca \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614215507/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/002028-3200-e.html \|archive-date=June 14, 2011 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Line 246: The inner suburbs are contained within the former municipalities of York and East York.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=Toronto: A Tale Of Three Cities {{!}} Smart Cities Dive \|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/toronto-tale-three-cities/1217926/ \|access-date=April 4, 2021 \|website=www.smartcitiesdive.com \|language=en-US \|archive-date=May 13, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513024529/https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/toronto-tale-three-cities/1217926/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> These are mature and traditionally working-class areas, consisting primarily of post–World War I small, single-family homes and small apartment blocks.<ref name=":0" /> Neighbourhoods such as [[Crescent Town]], [[Thorncliffe Park]], [[Flemingdon Park]], Weston, and [[Oakwood Village]] consist mainly of high-rise apartments, which are home to many new immigrant families. During the 2000s, many neighbourhoods became ethnically diverse and underwent [[gentrification]] due to increasing population and a housing boom during the late 1990s and the early 21st century. The first neighbourhoods affected were [[Leaside]] and [[North Toronto]], gradually progressing into the western neighbourhoods in York.{{citation needed\|date=April 2021}} [[File:York after sunset (2855524410).jpg\|thumb\|In an attempt to curb [[urban sprawl\|suburban sprawl]], many suburban neighbourhoods in Toronto encouraged high-density populations by mixing housing lots with apartment buildings far from the downtown core.]] The outer suburbs comprising the former municipalities of Etobicoke (west), Scarborough (east) and North York (north) largely retain the grid plan laid before post-war development.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=October 23, 2013 \|title=Quick comparisons between Toronto's and Chicago's street grids \|url=http://spacing.ca/toronto/2013/10/23/torontos-and-chicagos-street-grids/ \|access-date=April 4, 2021 \|website=Spacing Toronto \|language=en-US \|archive-date=May 8, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508013119/https://spacing.ca/toronto/2013/10/23/torontos-and-chicagos-street-grids/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> Sections were long established and quickly growing towns before the suburban housing boom began and the emergence of metropolitan government, existing towns or villages such as Mimico, [[Islington-City Centre West\|Islington]] and [[New Toronto]] in Etobicoke; [[Willowdale, Toronto\|Willowdale]], [[Newtonbrook]] and [[Downsview]] in North York; [[Agincourt, Toronto\|Agincourt]], [[Wexford, Toronto\|Wexford]] and [[West Hill, Toronto\|West Hill]] in Scarborough where suburban development boomed around or between these and other towns beginning in the late 1940s. Upscale neighbourhoods were built, such as the [[Bridle Path, Toronto\|Bridle Path]] in North York, the area surrounding the Scarborough Bluffs in [[Guildwood]], and most of central Etobicoke, such as [[Humber Valley Village]], and [[The Kingsway, Toronto\|The Kingsway]]. One of the largest and earliest "planned communities" was [[Don Mills]], parts of which were first built in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Plan town of 45,000 on Don Mills farms; Will cost 10,000,000 \|first=Paul L. \|last=Fox \|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] \|date=March 12, 1953 \|page=3}}</ref> Phased development, mixing single-detached housing with higher-density apartment blocks, became more popular as a suburban model of development. ~~Over~~During the late 20th ~~century and early 21st~~ century, [[North York City Centre]]~~, Etobicoke City Centre~~ and [[Scarborough City Centre]] ~~have~~developed ~~emerged~~separate ~~as secondary business~~downtown districts outside Downtown Toronto after the former boroughs were promoted to cities.<ref name="CHRON">{{cite web\|url=http://www.torontofamilyhistory.org/chronology.html \|title=Toronto Chronology \|publisher=Ontario Genealogy Society – Toronto Branch \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929044646/http://www.torontofamilyhistory.org/chronology.html \|archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> High-rise development in these areas has given ~~the~~these former municipalities distinguishable skylines of their own, with high-density transit corridors serving them; some of these [[Transit-oriented development\|developments are also transit-oriented]].{{citation needed\|date=April 2021}} ====Industrial==== Line 255: The Gooderham & Worts Distillery produced spirits until 1990 and is preserved today as the "Distillery District", the largest and best-preserved collection of [[Victorian architecture\|Victorian]] industrial architecture in North America.{{sfn\|Gibson\|2008}} Some industry remains in the area, including the [[Redpath Sugar Refinery]]. Similar areas that retain their industrial character but are now largely residential are the Fashion District, Corktown, and parts of South Riverdale and Leslieville. Toronto still has some active older industrial areas, such as [[Brockton Village]], Mimico and New Toronto. In the west end of Old Toronto and York, the Weston/[[Mount Dennis]] and The Junction areas still contain factories, meat-packing facilities and rail yards close to medium-density residential. However, the Junction's Union Stockyards moved out of Toronto in 1994.<ref name="stockyards"/> The brownfield industrial area of the Port Lands, on the east side of the harbour, is one area planned for redevelopment.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=6e75397250b16410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=ae9352cc66061410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|title=Port Lands Acceleration Initiative – City Planning – Your City \|publisher=City of Toronto \|language=en-CA \|access-date=February 4, 2017 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181727/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=6e75397250b16410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=ae9352cc66061410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Formerly a marsh that was filled in to create industrial space, it was never intensely developed — —its land unsuitable for large-scale development — —because of flooding and unstable soil.<ref>{{Cite news \|url=https://leslievillehistory.com/timeline-ashbridges-bay/ \|title=Ashbridge's Bay \|date=April 13, 2015 \|newspaper=Leslieville Historical Society \|language=en-US \|access-date=February 4, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100926/https://leslievillehistory.com/timeline-ashbridges-bay/ \|archive-date=February 5, 2017 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> It still contains numerous industrial uses, such as the [[Portlands Energy Centre]] power plant, port facilities, movie and television production studios, concrete processing facilities, and low-density industrial facilities. The [[Waterfront Toronto]] agency has developed plans for a naturalized mouth to the Don River and to create a flood barrier around the Don, making more of the land on the harbour suitable for higher-value residential and commercial development.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/07/city-announces-next-steps-port-lands-revitalization \|title=City Announces Next Steps in Port Lands Revitalization {{!}} Urban Toronto \|website=urbantoronto.ca \|language=en \|access-date=February 4, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101158/http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/07/city-announces-next-steps-port-lands-revitalization \|archive-date=February 5, 2017 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> A former chemicals plant site along the Don River is slated to become a large commercial complex and transportation hub.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://eastharbour.ca/ \|title=East Harbour \|website=eastharbour.ca \|publisher=First Gulf \|access-date=September 13, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035711/http://eastharbour.ca/ \|archive-date=September 14, 2017 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Line 326: There are many large downtown parks, which include [[Allan Gardens]], [[Christie Pits]], [[Grange Park (Toronto)\|Grange Park]], [[Little Norway Park]], [[Moss Park]], [[Queen's Park (Toronto)\|Queen's Park]], [[Riverdale Park (Toronto)\|Riverdale Park]] and [[Trinity Bellwoods Park]]. An almost hidden park is the compact [[Cloud Gardens]],<ref>{{cite web \|title=Urban Design: Cloud Garden Park \|url=http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/cloudgrdnpk.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308153337/http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/cloudgrdnpk.htm \|archive-date=March 8, 2008 \|access-date=March 27, 2009 \|work=Lost Streams, Toronto, Web site}}</ref> which has both open areas and a glassed-in greenhouse, near Queen Street and Yonge. South of downtown are two large parks on the waterfront: Tommy Thompson Park on the [[Leslie Street Spit]], which has a nature preserve and is open on weekends, and the Toronto Islands, accessible from downtown by ferry. [[File:Spring has arrived at James Gardens! Toronto, May 13th, 2018 (42086291601).jpg\|thumb\|~~A crossing over the [[Humber River (Ontario)\|Humber River]] at~~ [[James Gardens]], a botanical garden operated by [[Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division]]]] Large parks in the outer areas managed by the city include [[High Park]], [[Humber Bay Park]], [[Centennial Park (Toronto)\|Centennial Park]], [[Downsview Park]], [[Guild Park and Gardens]], [[Sunnybrook Park]] and [[Morningside Park (Toronto)\|Morningside Park]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=March 6, 2017 \|title=Parks Listings \|url=https://www.toronto.ca/data/parks/prd/facilities/parks/index.html \|website=City of Toronto \|access-date=October 4, 2020 \|archive-date=December 16, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216203443/https://www.toronto.ca/data/parks/prd/facilities/parks/index.html \|url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto also operates several public golf courses. Most ravine lands and river bank floodplains in Toronto are public parklands. After Hurricane Hazel in 1954, construction of buildings on floodplains was outlawed, and private lands were bought for conservation. In 1999, Downsview Park, a former military base in North York, initiated an international design competition to realize its vision of creating Canada's first [[urban park]]. The winner, "Tree City", was announced in May 2000. Approximately {{convert\|8000\|ha\|acre}}, or 12.5 percent of Toronto's land base, is maintained parkland.<ref name="gnpark">{{cite news \|last1=Armstrong \|first1=James \|last2=McAllister \|first2=Mark \|date=April 5, 2013 \|title=Toronto boasts thousands of hectares of parkland \|work=Global News \|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/459228/toronto-boasts-thousands-of-hectares-of-parkland/ \|url-status=live \|access-date=October 1, 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003102200/http://globalnews.ca/news/459228/toronto-boasts-thousands-of-hectares-of-parkland/ \|archive-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref> Morningside Park is the largest park managed by the city, which is {{convert\|241.46\|ha\|acre}} in size.<ref name="gnpark" /> Line 367: \|[[2016 Canadian census\|2016]]\| 2731571 \|[[2021 Canadian census\|2021]]\| 2794356 \|source = <ref>{{cite web \|title=Toronto Population \|url=https://canadapopulation.org/toronto-population/ \|website=Canada Population \|access-date=June 3, 2019 \|archive-date=June 3, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603012705/https://canadapopulation.org/toronto-population/ \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08070/88?r=0&s=1 \|title=Census of Canada, 1890–91 = Recensement du Cana... – Canadiana Online \|website=www.canadiana.ca \|access-date=January 22, 2021 \|archive-date=January 28, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128045203/https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08070/88?r=0&s=1 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08061/422?r=0&s=1 \|title=Census of Canada, 1880–81 = Recensement du Canada, 1880–81 \|website=canadiana.ca \|page=406 \|access-date=July 15, 2020 \|archive-date=July 16, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716020847/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08061/422?r=0&s=1 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01612/46?r=0&s=1 \|title=Census of the Canadas, 1860–61 \|website=canadiana.com \|page=78 \|access-date=July 15, 2020 \|archive-date=July 16, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716093346/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01612/46?r=0&s=1 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01608/65?r=0&s=1 \|title=Census of the Canadas, 1851-2 \|website=canadiana.ca \|page=A38 \|access-date=July 15, 2020 \|archive-date=July 16, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716022331/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01608/65?r=0&s=1 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08059/218?r=0&s=2 \|title=Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 : statistics o... – Canadiana Online \|website=www.canadiana.ca \|access-date=January 22, 2021 \|archive-date=January 29, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129213124/https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08059/218?r=0&s=2 \|url-status=live}}</ref> }} In the [[2021 Canadian census\|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Toronto had a population of {{val\|2794356\|fmt=commas}} living in {{val\|1160892\|fmt=commas}} of its {{val\|1253238\|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage\|{{#expr:2794356-2731571}}\|2731571\|1\|%= percent}} from its 2016 population of {{val\|2731571\|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert\|631.1\|km2\|sqmi\|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density\|2794356\|631.1\|km2\|sqmi\|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web \|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 \|title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario \|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] \|date=February 9, 2022 \|access-date=March 27, 2022 \|archive-date=May 12, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512141434/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 380: ===Race and ethnicity=== In 2016, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins overall were [[Chinese Canadians\|Chinese]] (332,830 or 12.5 percent), [[English Canadians\|English]] (331,890 or 12.3 percent) and [[Canadian ethnicity\|Canadian]] (323,175 or 12.0 percent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> Common regions of ethnic origin were European (47.9 per cent), Asian (including Middle-Eastern – 40.1 per cent), African (5.5 per cent), Latin/Central/South American (4.2 per cent), and North American aboriginal (1.2 per cent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> [[File:Toronto Population Pyramid, 2021.png\|thumb\|upright=1.3\|Population pyramid of Toronto from the [[2021 Canadian census]]]] In 2016, 51.5 per cent of the residents of the city proper belonged to a [[visible minority]] group, compared to 49.1 per cent in 2011,<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/><ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web \|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3520005&TABID=1 \|title=National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011 \|website=statcan.gc.ca \|date=May 8, 2013 \|publisher=Government of Canada \|access-date=April 18, 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409105927/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3520005&TABID=1 \|archive-date=April 9, 2014 \|url-status=live}}</ref> and 13.6 per cent in 1981.<ref>"[http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/pdf/research_publication/working_papers/wp6.pdf Toronto in Transition: Demographic Change in the Late Twentieth Century] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310180425/http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/pdf/research_publication/working_papers/wp6.pdf \|date=March 10, 2012 }}". ([[PDF]]). CERIS – The Ontario Metropolis Centre.</ref> The largest visible minority groups were [[South Asian Canadians\|South Asian]] (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan at 338,960 or 12.6 percent), [[East Asian Canadians\|East Asian]] ([[Chinese Canadians\|Chinese]] at 332,830 or 12.5 percent), and [[Black Canadians\|Black]] (239,850 or 8.9 percent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> Visible minorities are projected to increase to 63 percent of the city's population by 2031.<ref name="Visible minority">{{cite news \|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/777547--visible-minority-will-mean-white-by-2031 \|work=Toronto Star \|date=March 10, 2010 \|title=Visible Minority Will Mean White by 2013 \|first=Noor \|last=Javed \|access-date=September 17, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023080550/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/777547--visible-minority-will-mean-white-by-2031 \|archive-date=October 23, 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 567: ===Language=== [[File:Toronto tripartite rubbish bin, May 2006.jpg\|thumb\|A waste receptacle in Toronto with an advert for the local multilingual emergency telephone service (from left to right and top to bottom: [[Canadian English\|English]], [[Russian Canadians\|Russian]], [[Vietnamese Canadians\|Vietnamese]], [[Chinese Canadians#Language\|Traditional Chinese]], [[Canadian French\|French]], [[Punjabi Canadians\|Punjabi]], [[Spanish Canadians\|Spanish]], and [[Chinese Canadians#Language\|Simplified Chinese]])]] English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians, with approximately 95 percent of residents having proficiency in it, although only 54.7 percent of Torontonians reported English as their mother tongue.<ref name=langcen>{{cite web \|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0 \|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Toronto – Ontario – Language Profile \|website=statcan.gc.ca \|publisher=Stats Canada \|access-date=September 7, 2019 \|date=August 9, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114033112/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0 \|archive-date=January 14, 2020 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Greater Toronto English, or simply [[Toronto slang]], is a dialect found primarily in Toronto, primarily spoken by ~~millennials~~[[Millennials]] and ~~Gen~~members of [[Generation Z]]. English is one of two [[official bilingualism in Canada\|official languages of Canada]], with the other being French. Approximately 1.6 percent of Torontonians reported French as their mother tongue, although 9.1 percent reported being bilingual in both official languages.<ref name=langcen/> In addition to services provided by the federal government, provincial services in Toronto are available in both official languages as a result of the ''[[French Language Services Act]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f32 \|title=French Language Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.32 \|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario \|year=2019 \|website=ontario.ca \|access-date=September 7, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623122731/https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f32 \|archive-date=June 23, 2019 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Approximately 4.9 percent of Torontonians reported having no knowledge in either of the official languages of the country.<ref name=langcen/> Because the city is also home to many other languages, municipal services, most notably its [[911 (emergency telephone number)\|9-1-1]] [[emergency telephone number\|emergency telephone service]],{{efn\|9-1-1 is the phone number for local emergency services, although GSM providers will also redirect phone calls made to [[112 (emergency telephone number)\|1-1-2]] to local emergency services.}} is equipped to respond in over 150 languages.<ref name="911service">{{cite web \|title=9-1-1 = EMERGENCY in any language \|website=toronto.ca \|publisher=[[Municipal government of Toronto\|City of Toronto]] \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=4e142140f1c8f310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=163307ceb6f8e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|access-date=January 5, 2007 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028143249/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=4e142140f1c8f310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=163307ceb6f8e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=October 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name=lan3>[http://www12.statcan.ca:80/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&SUB=0&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=838003 Various Languages Spoken – Toronto] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408053330/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=838003&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89189&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= \|date=April 8, 2020 }} [[Census metropolitan area\|CMA]], Statistics Canada (2006); retrieved September 9, 2009.</ref> In the [[2001 Canadian census]], the collective [[varieties of Chinese]] and [[Italian language\|Italian]] are the most widely spoken languages at work after English.<ref name=lan>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&View=2&Table=1&Code=535&Sort=2&B1=&B2=1 Language used at work by mother tongue in Toronto] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421124848/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&View=2&Table=1&Code=535&Sort=2&B1=&B2=1 \|date=April 21, 2008 }} [[Census metropolitan area\|CMA]], Statistics Canada (2001). Retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref><ref name=lang2>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&View=4&Code=3520005&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=5&B1=Toronto&B2=1 Language used at work by mother tongue (City of Toronto)] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421122342/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&View=4&Code=3520005&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=5&B1=Toronto&B2=1 \|date=April 21, 2008 }}, Statistics Canada (2001); retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref> Approximately 55 percent of respondents who reported proficiency in a Chinese language reported knowledge of Mandarin in the 2016 census.<ref name=langcen/> ==Economy== Line 576: Toronto is an international centre for business and finance. Generally considered the financial and industrial capital of Canada, Toronto has a high concentration of banks and brokerage firms on [[Bay Street]] in the [[Financial District, Toronto\|Financial District]]. The [[Toronto Stock Exchange]] is the world's [[List of major stock exchanges\|seventh-largest]] stock exchange by market capitalization.<ref>[http://www.investinontario.com/resources/documents/media/MEDT_Ad_Collection.pdf Market Statistics] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209041853/http://www.investinontario.com/resources/documents/media/MEDT_Ad_Collection.pdf \|date=February 9, 2010 }} Toronto Stock Exchange (2006). Retrieved May 11, 2007.</ref> The five largest financial institutions of Canada, collectively known as the [[Big Five banks of Canada\|Big Five]], all have their global corporate headquarters in Toronto, alongside Canada's major insurance giants.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2015/04/13/inside-the-big-five-its-all-about-interconnection-in-downtown-toronto/ \|title=Inside the Big Five: It's All About Interconnection in Downtown Toronto \|last=Schwartzmann \|first=Phil \|date=April 13, 2015 \|website=The Equinix Blog \|access-date=August 13, 2023 \|archive-date=August 13, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813174902/https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2015/04/13/inside-the-big-five-its-all-about-interconnection-in-downtown-toronto/ \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/19/archives/in-canadian-banking-bid-five-dominate-the-action-big-five-in.html \|title=In Canadian Banking, Big Five Dominate the Action \|last=Oram \|first=Roderick \|date=January 19, 1977 \|website=[[The New York Times]] \|access-date=August 13, 2023 \|archive-date=August 13, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813175214/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/19/archives/in-canadian-banking-bid-five-dominate-the-action-big-five-in.html \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Frozen Toronto harbour (4675522485).jpg\|thumb\|[[Lake freighter]]s moored in the [[Port of Toronto]]]] The city is an important centre for the media, publishing, telecommunication, information technology and film production industries; it is home to [[Bell Media]], [[Rogers Communications]], and [[Torstar]]. Other prominent Canadian corporations and Canadian subsidiaries of international corporations in the Greater Toronto Area include [[Magna International]], [[Pizza Pizza]], [[Mr. Sub]], [[Celestica]], [[Manulife]], [[Sun Life Financial]], [[Toyota Canada Inc.]] the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], and major hotel companies and operators, such as [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts\|Four Seasons Hotels]] and [[Fairmont Hotels and Resorts]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://profitworks.ca/small-business-sales-and-marketing-resources/blog/other-blog-articles/577-largest-employers-in-toronto-area-mississauga-brampton-hamilton-oakville-scarborough-markham.html \|title=Largest Employers in Toronto Area \|website=www.profitworks.ca \|publisher=Profit Works \|access-date=February 18, 2024 \|archive-date=February 18, 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218224233/https://profitworks.ca/small-business-sales-and-marketing-resources/blog/other-blog-articles/577-largest-employers-in-toronto-area-mississauga-brampton-hamilton-oakville-scarborough-markham.html \|url-status=live}}</ref> Although much of the region's manufacturing activities occur outside the city limits, Toronto continues to be a wholesale and distribution point for the industrial sector. The city's strategic position along the [[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor]] within the [[Great Lakes megalopolis]] and its road and rail connections help support the nearby production of motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, machinery, chemicals and paper. The completion of the [[St. Lawrence Seaway]] in 1959 gave ships access to the [[Great Lakes]] from the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Line 590: {{Main\|Media in Toronto}} [[File:Omni-City-33Dundas.jpg\|thumb\|[[33 Dundas Street East]] is a studio complex used by [[Citytv]] and [[Omni Television]].]] Toronto is Canada's largest media market,<ref>[http://www.mediajobsearchcanada.com/mjsc_press.asp Media Job Search Canada] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414113224/http://www.mediajobsearchcanada.com/mjsc_press.asp\|date=April 14, 2015}} Media Job Search Canada (2003). Retrieved May 8, 2007.</ref> and has four conventional dailies, two [[Alternative newspaper\|alt-weeklies]], and three free commuter papers in a greater metropolitan area of about 6 million inhabitants. The ''[[Toronto Star]]'' and the ''[[Toronto Sun]]'' are the prominent daily city newspapers, while national dailies ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' and the ''[[National Post]]'' are also headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.thestar.com/site/about/ \|title=About the Star \|website=[[Toronto Star]] \|access-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101185034/https://www.thestar.com/site/about/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Toronto Star'', ''The Globe and Mail'', and ''National Post'' are broadsheet newspapers. ''[[StarMetro (newspaper)\|StarMetro]]'' is distributed as free commuter newspapers. Several magazines and local newspapers cover Toronto, including ''[[Now (newspaper)\|Now]]'' and ''[[Toronto Life]]'', while numerous magazines are produced in Toronto, such as ''[[Canadian Business]]'', ''[[Chatelaine (magazine)\|Chatelaine]]'', ''[[Flare (magazine)\|Flare]]'' and ''[[Maclean's]]''. [[Daily Hive]], Western Canada's largest online-only publication, opened its Toronto office in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Powell \|first1=Chris \|title=Vancity Buzz launches in Toronto and Montreal \|url=http://marketingmag.ca/media/vancity-buzz-launches-in-toronto-and-montreal-175695 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809215405/http://marketingmag.ca/media/vancity-buzz-launches-in-toronto-and-montreal-175695/ \|archive-date=August 9, 2018 \|access-date=January 28, 2019 \|language=en-US}}</ref> Toronto contains the headquarters of the major English-language Canadian television networks [[CBC Television\|CBC]], [[CTV Television Network\|CTV]], [[Citytv]], [[Global Television Network\|Global]], [[The Sports Network]] (TSN) and [[Sportsnet]]. [[Much (TV channel)\|Much (formerly MuchMusic)]], [[M3 (Canadian TV channel)\|M3 (formerly MuchMore)]] and [[MTV (Canadian TV channel)\|MTV Canada]] are the main music television channels based in the city. However, they no longer primarily show music videos as a result of [[channel drift]] and a shift in demographics. ==== Film production ==== Line 601: ===Technology and biotech=== Toronto is a large hub of the Canadian and global technology industry, generating $52  billion in revenues annually. In 2017, Toronto tech firms offered almost 30,000 jobs which is higher than the combination of San Francisco Bay area, Seattle and Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Silagadze \|first=Mike \|date=August 15, 2018 \|title=Toronto's Tech Scene Is Having A Moment, But Not For The Reason You'd Think \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/08/15/torontos-tech-scene-is-having-a-moment-but-not-for-the-reason-youd-think/#2872862f5871 \|journal=Forbes \|access-date=August 5, 2021 \|archive-date=August 5, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805112727/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/08/15/torontos-tech-scene-is-having-a-moment-but-not-for-the-reason-youd-think/#2872862f5871 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The area bound between the Greater Toronto Area, the region of [[Regional Municipality of Waterloo\|Waterloo]] and the city of [[Hamilton, Ontario\|Hamilton]] was termed a "digital corridor" by the Branham Group,<ref>{{Cite web \|title=York Region an Integral Leader in Digital Corridor - Techvibes.com \|url=http://www.techvibes.com/blog/york-region-an-integral-leader-in-digital-corridor-2014-09-08 \|access-date=November 18, 2015 \|website=www.techvibes.com \|date=September 8, 2014 \|archive-date=November 19, 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119203247/http://www.techvibes.com/blog/york-region-an-integral-leader-in-digital-corridor-2014-09-08 \|url-status=live}}</ref> a region highly concentrated with technology companies and jobs similar to [[Silicon Valley]] in California.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.investontario.ca/spotlights/toronto-ranked-north-americas-fastest-growing-tech-market \|title=Toronto rises to 3rd in the CBRE's 2019 Scoring Tech Talent report based on strong job growth and low costs, Ottawa placed 19th, while Hamilton and Waterloo rank among North America's top three-up and coming tech markets \|date=November 3, 2022 \|website=Invest Ontario \|access-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-date=August 13, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813180018/https://www.investontario.ca/spotlights/toronto-ranked-north-americas-fastest-growing-tech-market \|url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto is home to a large startup ecosystem and is the third-largest center for information and communications technology in North America, behind [[New York City]] and the Silicon Valley.<ref name=NYTTechHub2022/> In 2023, the city was ranked as the 17th best startup scene in the world.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Genome \|first=Startup \|title=Startup Genome \|url=https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2023 \|access-date=November 1, 2023 \|website=Startup Genome \|language=en \|archive-date=November 1, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101221810/https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2023 \|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tourism === {{Main\|Tourism in Toronto}} {{See also\|Hotels in Toronto}} ~~{{More citations needed section\|date=July 2016}}~~ [[File:Kensington Market Toronto August 2017 01.jpg\|thumb\|[[Kensington Market]], a neighbourhood that is also partly an outdoor market]] In 2018, 27.5  million tourists visited Toronto, generating $10.3  billion (~${{Format price\|{{Inflation\|index=US-GDP\|value=10300000000\|start_year=2018}}}} in {{Inflation/year\|US-GDP}}) in economic activity.<ref>{{cite web \|date=2018 \|title=Toronto's Visitor Economy \|url=https://assets.simpleviewinc.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/toronto/Toronto_Visitor_Economy_final_0aefb93e-80ac-42ad-8434-599a5761139d.pdf \|publisher=Tourism Economics \|access-date=March 12, 2022 \|archive-date=March 28, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328223213/https://assets.simpleviewinc.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/toronto/Toronto_Visitor_Economy_final_0aefb93e-80ac-42ad-8434-599a5761139d.pdf \|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Toronto Eaton Centre]] receives over 47 million visitors per year.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Toronto Eaton Centre {{!}} Tourism Toronto \|url=http://www.seetorontonow.com/listings/toronto-eaton-centre/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702174603/http://www.seetorontonow.com/listings/toronto-eaton-centre/ \|archive-date=July 2, 2018 \|access-date=January 23, 2016 \|website=www.seetorontonow.com}}</ref> Other commercial areas popular with tourists include the [[Path (Toronto)\|Path]] network, which is the world's largest<ref>{{Cite web \|title=PATH – Toronto's Downtown Underground Pedestrian Walkway – Getting Here & Around – Visitor Information Services {{!}} City of Toronto \|url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620023017/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD \|archive-date=June 20, 2014 \|access-date=January 23, 2016 \|language=en-CA}}</ref> underground shopping complex, as well as [[Kensington Market]] and [[St. Lawrence Market]].<ref>[http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/attraction_highlights.htm City of Toronto, Attractions] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607043251/http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/attraction_highlights.htm \|date=June 7, 2011 }}, City of Toronto. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.</ref> The [[Toronto Islands]] are close to downtown Toronto and do not permit private motor vehicles beyond the airport. Other tourist attractions include the CN Tower, [[Casa Loma]], Toronto's theatres and musicals, [[Yonge–Dundas Square]], and [[Ripley's Aquarium of Canada]]. The Royal Ontario Museum is a museum of world culture and [[natural history]]. The [[Toronto Zoo]]<ref name="aboutzoo">{{cite web \|title=About the Toronto Zoo \|url=http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911054227/http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/ \|archive-date=September 11, 2007 \|access-date=October 11, 2007 \|website=torontozoo.com \|publisher=[[Toronto Zoo]]}}</ref><ref name="zoo">{{cite news \|last=Buhasz \|first=Laszlo \|date=May 7, 2003 \|title=Uncaging the zoo \|work=Globe and Mail \|location=Toronto \|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20030507.TRCOVE7/TPStory/Travel \|url-status=dead \|access-date=October 11, 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411144754/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20030507.TRCOVE7/TPStory/Travel \|archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref> is home to over 5,000 animals representing over 460 distinct species. The Art Gallery of Ontario contains an extensive collection of Canadian, European, African and [[contemporary art]]work. Also, it hosts exhibits from museums and galleries from all over the world. The [[Gardiner Museum]] of ceramic art is the only museum in Canada entirely devoted to ceramics, and the Museum's collection contains more than 2,900 ceramic works from Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The city also hosts the [[Ontario Science Centre]], the [[Bata Shoe Museum]], and [[Textile Museum of Canada]]. Line 635 ⟶ 634: Five [[public university\|public universities]] are based in Toronto. Four of these universities are based in downtown Toronto: [[OCAD University]], [[Toronto Metropolitan University]], the [[Université de l'Ontario français]], and the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-universities \|title=ONtario universities \|access-date=December 25, 2023 \|date=December 15, 2023 \|website=www.ontario.ca \|publisher=King's Printer for Ontario \|archive-date=November 28, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128033912/https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-universities \|url-status=live}}</ref> The University of Toronto also operates two satellite campuses, [[University of Toronto Scarborough\|one of which]] is in the city's eastern district of Scarborough, while [[University of Toronto Mississauga\|the other]] is in the neighbouring city of [[Mississauga]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t \|title=About U of T \|website=utoronto.ca \|access-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101010741/https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[York University]] is the only Toronto-based university not situated in downtown Toronto, maintaining a [[Keele Campus\|primary campus]] in the northwestern portion of North York and a [[Glendon College\|secondary campus]] in midtown Toronto.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.yorku.ca/about/ \|title=About York: Join our community \|website=yorku.ca \|access-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101054623/https://www.yorku.ca/about/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> Several other public universities based elsewhere in Ontario also operate satellite campuses or facilities in Toronto, including [[Queen's University at Kingston]], the [[University of Ottawa]], the [[University of Western Ontario]], [[Wilfrid Laurier University]], and the [[University of Guelph]].<ref name=ttceligsch>{{cite web \|url=https://www.ttc.ca/Fares-and-passes/Fare-information/Eligible-Post-Secondary-Schools \|title=Eligible Post-Secondary Schools \|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission \|website=www.ttc.ca \|year=2023 \|access-date=December 25, 2023 \|archive-date=December 25, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185841/https://www.ttc.ca/Fares-and-passes/Fare-information/Eligible-Post-Secondary-Schools \|url-status=live}}</ref> The latter operates a satellite campus in northwestern Etobicoke together with [[Humber ~~College~~Polytechnic]], called the [[University of Guelph-Humber]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.guelphhumber.ca/about/our-story \|title=Our Story \|publisher=University of Guelph-Humber \|access-date=December 25, 2023 \|website=www.guelphhumber.ca \|archive-date=December 25, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185839/https://www.guelphhumber.ca/about/our-story \|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to public universities, Toronto also holds the satellite campus for [[Northeastern University]], a [[private university]] based in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://toronto.northeastern.edu/ \|website=toronto.northeastern.edu \|publisher=Northeastern University \|title=Northeastern in Toronto \|access-date=December 25, 2023 \|archive-date=December 25, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185839/https://toronto.northeastern.edu/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Colleges==== Line 674 ⟶ 673: Each summer, the Canadian Stage Company presents an outdoor [[William Shakespeare\|Shakespeare]] production in Toronto's High Park called "Dream in High Park". [[Canada's Walk of Fame]] acknowledges the achievements of successful Canadians with a series of stars on designated blocks of sidewalks along King Street and Simcoe Street. The production of domestic and foreign film and television is a major local industry. As of 2011, Toronto ranks as the third-largest production centre for film and television after [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]],<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/ed/bgrd/backgroundfile-45805.pdf \|title=Film and Television Industry: 2011 Year in Review \|website=toronto.ca \|publisher=City of Toronto \|date=September 1, 2012 \|access-date=September 7, 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050038/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/ed/bgrd/backgroundfile-45805.pdf \|archive-date=March 4, 2016 \|url-status=live}}</ref> sharing the nickname "[[Hollywood North]]" with Vancouver.<ref>{{cite news \|newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune \|first=Vernon \|last=Scott \|page=12B \|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DkUfAAAAIBAJ&dq=toronto%20hollywood%20north&pg=4458%2C1049685 \|title=Toronto Now Called Hollywood of North \|access-date=June 10, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904071434/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DkUfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mmcEAAAAIBAJ&dq=toronto%20hollywood%20north&pg=4458%2C1049685 \|archive-date=September 4, 2015 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Accessing City Hall">{{cite web \|url=http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument \|title=New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North \|website=toronto.ca \|publisher=City of Toronto \|access-date=January 1, 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033459/http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument \|archive-date=September 30, 2007 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=~~http~~https://www.cbc.ca/~~arts~~news/~~story~~entertainment/~~2004/03/09/quickhits090304~~in-brief-sars-costs-for-hollywood-north-and-more-1.~~html~~468842 \|title=SARS costs for 'Hollywood North' and more \|work=CBC News \|date=March 9, 2004 \|access-date=January 1, 2007 \|url-status=~~dead~~live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330145114/http://www.torontoisms.com/guide/crime.htm \|archive-date=March 30, 2008}}</ref> The [[Toronto International Film Festival]] is an annual event celebrating the international film industry.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tiff-23-economic-impact-1.6965715 \|title=TIFF generates big bucks for Toronto, Will the Hollywood actor's strike change that? \|last=Cheese \|first=Tyler \|date=September 15, 2023 \|website=[[CBC News]] \|access-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-date=January 1, 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101175531/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tiff-23-economic-impact-1.6965715 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Another film festival is the Take 21 (formerly the Toronto Student Film Festival), which screens the works of students 12–18 years of age from many different countries across the globe. [[File:Caribana 2010.jpg\|thumb\|The grand parade for the [[Caribana]] festival on [[Lake Shore Boulevard]]]] Toronto's [[Caribana]] (formerly known as Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival) takes place from mid-July to early August of every summer.<ref name=Caribana>[http://www.caribana.com/ Toronto Caribbean Carnival (Caribana) Festival 2006] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209010245/http://caribana.com/ \|date=February 9, 2009 }}, WORD Magazine (2006). They were retrieved on December 11, 2006.</ref> Primarily based on the [[Trinidad and Tobago Carnival]], the first Caribana took place in 1967 when the city's Caribbean community celebrated [[Canadian Centennial\|Canada's Centennial]]. More than forty years later, it has grown to attract one million people to Toronto's [[Lake Shore Boulevard]] annually. Tourism for the festival is in the hundreds of thousands, and each year, the event generates over $400 million in revenue for Ontario's economy.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/803506 \|title=The Caribana success story \|work=Toronto Star \|date=May 3, 2010 \|access-date=June 1, 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510041950/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/803506 \|archive-date=May 10, 2010 \|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the most significant events in the city, [[Pride Toronto\|Pride Week]], takes place in late June and is one of the largest [[~~LGBT~~LGBTQ]]+ festivals in the world.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-national-geographic-pride-2018 \|title=Toronto named one of the world's best places to celebrate Pride \|last=Smith \|first=Ainsley \|date=June 11, 2018 \|website=Daily Hive \|language=en \|access-date=March 16, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019021624/http://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-national-geographic-pride-2018 \|archive-date=October 19, 2018 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sports == Line 749 ⟶ 748: \| [[USL W-League (1995–2015)\|USL]] \| [[Women's association football\|Women's soccer]] \| [[~~Centennial~~Rob ~~Park~~Ford Stadium]] \| 2005 \| 0 Line 890 ⟶ 889: The grid of major city streets was laid out by a [[concession road]] system, in which major [[arterial road]]s are {{convert\|6600\|ft\|km\|1\|abbr=on}} apart (with some exceptions, particularly in Scarborough and Etobicoke, as they used a different survey). Major east-west arterial roads are generally parallel with the Lake Ontario shoreline, and major north–south arterial roads are roughly perpendicular to the shoreline, though slightly angled north of Eglinton Avenue. This arrangement is sometimes broken by geographical accidents, most notably the Don River ravines. Toronto's grid north is approximately 18.5° to the west of true north. Many arterials, particularly north–south ones, due to the city originally being within the former [[York County, Ontario\|York County]], continue beyond the city into the [[Area code 905\|905 suburbs]] and further into the rural countryside. There are several municipal [[limited-access road\|expressways]] and [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network\|provincial highways]] that serve Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area. In particular, [[Ontario Highway 401\|Highway 401]] bisects the city from west to east, bypassing the downtown core. It is the busiest road in North America,<ref name="fhwa">{{cite report \|url=~~http~~https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm \|title=Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada \|last=Maier \|first=Hanna \|date=October 9, 2007 \|publisher=Federal Highway Administration \|quote=The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004, and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000. \|access-date=May 1, 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm \|archive-date=May 27, 2010 \|url-status=live \|website=~~fhwa.dot.gov~~[[Federal Highway Administration\|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]] \|section=Chapter 2}}</ref> and one of the busiest highways in the world.<ref>{{cite web \|date=August 6, 2002 \|title=Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401 \|url=http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914064434/http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html \|archive-date=September 14, 2007 \|access-date=March 18, 2007 \|website=ogov.newswire.ca \|publisher=[[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario\|Ontario Ministry of Transportation]] \|quote=Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|author=Brian Gray \|date=April 10, 2004 \|title=GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 – North America's Busiest Freeway \|newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]], transcribed at Urban Planet \|url=http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 \|url-status=live \|access-date=March 18, 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227131438/http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 \|archive-date=December 27, 2009 \|quote=The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in the world...}}</ref> Other provincial highways include [[Ontario Highway 400\|Highway 400]], which connects the city with Northern Ontario and beyond and [[Ontario Highway 404\|Highway 404]], an extension of the [[Don Valley Parkway]] into the northern suburbs. The [[Queen Elizabeth Way]] (QEW), North America's first divided intercity highway, terminates at Toronto's western boundary and connects Toronto to [[Niagara Falls]] and [[Buffalo, New York\|Buffalo]]. The main municipal expressways in Toronto include the [[Gardiner Expressway]], the Don Valley Parkway, and, to some extent, [[Allen Road]]. Toronto's traffic congestion is one of the highest in North America, and is the second highest in Canada after Vancouver.<ref>{{cite web \|title=TomTom Congestion Index: North America \|url=https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616060403/https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL \|archive-date=June 16, 2017 \|access-date=September 13, 2017 \|website=tomtom.com}}</ref> Line 1,005 ⟶ 1,004: [[Category:Populated places established in 1793]] [[Category:Populated places on Lake Ontario in Canada]] ~~[[Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad]]~~ [[Category:Port settlements in Ontario]] [[Category:Single-tier municipalities in Ontario]]