Toyota A engine: Difference between revisions

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The 1.5&nbsp;L '''1A''' was produced between 1978 and 1980.<ref name="CG80">{{cite book | title = Car Graphic: Car Archives Vol. 11, '80s Japanese Cars | publisher = Nigensha | year = 2007 | language = ja | page = 8 | location = Tokyo | isbn = 978-4-544-91018-6 }}</ref> All variants were belt-driven 8-valve [[Reverse-flow_cylinder_head|counter-flow]] [[SOHC]] engines with a single, twin-barrel downdraft [[carburetor]]. It used Toyota's Turbulence Generating Pot (TGP) lean combustion system to meet Japanese emissions standards at the time with only an [[Catalytic converter#oxi-cat|oxidation (2-way) catalyst]].<ref>{{citation | type = News Release | url = https://global.toyota/en/detail/7578552 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200514024740/https://global.toyota/en/detail/7578552 | archive-date = 2020-05-14 | title = Toyota introduces the Tercel and the Corsa, two new popular-size cars | date = 1978-08-03 | publisher = Toyota Motor Corporation }}</ref> The 1A engine was only {{convert|21.6|in|mm|abbr=on|disp=flip}} long.<ref name=RT176>[[#RT81|''A better car than its styling would indicate'']], p. 178</ref>

 

===1A-C===

Applications:

 

{{anchor|1A-U}}

 

Applications:

 

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{{anchor|2A-L}}

Applications:

* [[Toyota Corolla (E80)|AE80 Corolla]] 1983–1985 (excluding Japan, 2A-LC in Australia)

 

{{anchor|2A-U}}

* AL20 Corsa 1982–1989 (Japan only)

* [[Toyota Sprinter|AE80 Sprinter]] 1983–1985 (Japan only)

 

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Applications:

* AL12 Tercel 1979–1982 (excluding Japan)

 

{{anchor|3A-U}}

 

Applications:

* AE70 [[Toyota Corolla (E70)|Corolla]] 1979–1983 (Japan only)

* AE81/85 Corolla 1983–1987 (Japan only)

* AL21 Corolla II 1982–1986 (Japan only)

* AT150 Corona 1983–1987 (Japan only)

* AL12 Corsa (Japan only)

* AL21/25 Corsa 1982–1989 (Japan only)

* AE81/85 Sprinter 1983–1987 (Japan only)

* AL25 [[Toyota Tercel|Sprinter Carib]] 1982–1988 (Japan only)

Applications:

* AL21 Corolla II 1984–1986 (Japan only)

* AL25 Sprinter Carib 1984–1988 (Japan only)

 

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===4A-F===

 

[[File:4AF Engine AE92.jpg|thumb|4A-F engine in AE92 Toyota Corolla.]]

'''Asian market engines:'''

* {{cvt|115|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000&nbsp;rpm{{cn|date=June 2019}}

 

''Note: power and torque specs for North America and Europe are from the 1988–1992 Corollas.''

 

 

;Applications:

[[File:4A-GE redtop.jpg|thumb|The most powerful of the 16-valve 4A-GE engines, commonly known as the "red top" (due to the red writing), which produces {{cvt|130|PS|kW|0}} at 6,600 rpm.]]

 

 

==== First Generation ''"Blue Top"'' (Early Bigport) ====

 

 

 

The first-generation 4A-GE is nicknamed the "bigport" engine because it had intake ports of a very large cross-sectional area. While the port cross-section was suitable for a very highly modified engine at very high engine speeds, it caused a considerable drop in low-end torque due to the decreased air speeds at those rpm. To compensate for the reduced air speed, the first-generation engines included the [[T-VIS]] feature, in which dual intake runners are fitted with [[butterfly valve]]s that opened at approximately 4,200&nbsp;rpm. The effect is that at lower rpm (when the airspeed would normally be slow) four of the eight runners are closed, which forces the engine to draw in all its air through half the runners in the manifold. This not only raises the airspeed which causes better cylinder filling, but due to the asymmetrical airflow a swirl is created in the combustion chamber, meaning better fuel atomization. This enabled the torque curve to still be intact at lower engine speeds, allowing for better performance across the entire speed band and a broad, flat torque curve around the crossover point.<ref name="twincam2">[http://www.3sgte.com/page_13.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 11</ref> During rising engine speed, a slight lurch can occur at the crossover point and an experienced driver will be able to detect the shift in performance. Production of the first-generation engine model lasted until May 1987.

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| style="text-align: left;" | Fuel Metering

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| style="text-align: left;" | Fuel Requirements

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| style="text-align: left;" | Horsepower

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| style="text-align: left;" | Torque

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| style="text-align: left;" | Compression Ratio

The fifth-generation 4A-GE engine produced from 1995 to 2000 is the final version of the 4A-GE engine and has black cam covers. It uses Toyota Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system on the intake cam. This engine is commonly known as the "black top" due to the color of the valve cover, and yet again features an even higher compression ratio (11:1). The air flow sensor was replaced by a MAP sensor, the diameter of the four individual throttle bodies was increased from {{convert|43|to|45|mm|2|abbr=on}}, the exhaust ports diameter were increased by 3 mm, the intake cam lift was increased from {{convert|7.9|to|8.2|mm|abbr=on}}, and the intake ports were significantly improved in shape and contour, with the width of the opening at the head increased as well. Additionally, the black top had a lighter flywheel, a larger plenum, lighter connecting rods and revised rubber velocity stacks, and was also offered in 1997 with a six-speed C160 transaxle. This revision increased the power to {{cvt|165|PS|kW hp|0}} at 7,800&nbsp;rpm with {{convert|16.5|kgm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 5,600&nbsp;rpm. The 'Blacktop' has become a favorite among enthusiasts and is used as an easy power upgrade for the early Toyota Corolla models, especially for use in the [[drifting (motorsport)|drift scene]]. Due to the relatively high state of tuning of the stock engine, most power/torque gains come from higher lift cams and engine management.

 

 

;Applications:

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| style="text-align: left;" | Variable Valve Timing

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| style="text-align: left;" | Intake Valve Diameter

[[File:Toyota 4A-GZE Engine - Rebuilt by Marshall Farthing.jpg|thumb|The 4A-GZE, [[Toyota G engine#1G-GZE|1G-GZE]] and [[Toyota TZ engine#2TZ-FZE|2TZ-FZE]] were the only factory supercharged engines manufactured by Toyota.]]

 

 

The 4A-GZE is popular for turbo conversions, as many parts do not need to be modified to support the extra boost.<ref>[http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/4ag_tech_notes.htm 4AG Tech Notes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050206180351/http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/4ag_tech_notes.htm |date=2005-02-06 }}.</ref>

 

====First Generation====

 

 

Applications:

 

====Second Generation====

 

Applications:

 

====Third Generation====

 

Applications:

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{{anchor|5A-F}}

 

Applications:

* AE91 Corolla 1987–1989 (Japan only)

 

{{anchor|5A-FE}}

 

===5A-FE===

 

 

;Applications:

* [[Geely CK]] (China)

* [[Geely MK]] (China)

* AE91 [[Toyota Corolla (E90)|Corolla]] 1989–1992 (Japan only)

* AE100 [[Toyota Corolla (E100)|Corolla]] 1991–2001 (Japan only)

* AE110 [[Toyota Corolla (E110)|Corolla]] 1995–2000 (Japan only)

* AL50 [[Toyota Soluna|Soluna]] 1996–2003 (Asia)

* AXP42 [[Toyota Vios#XP40|Vios]] 2002–2006 (China only)

 

Applications:

* AE91 [[Toyota Corolla (E90)|Corolla]] 1989–1992 (Japan only)

* AE91 Toyota G Touring 1994–1999 (Japan only)

* AE100 Toyota G Touring 1994–1999 (Japan only)

The {{convert|1397|cc|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} '''6A-FC''' was produced from 1989 through 1992. It is the only 1.4 variant of the A-series engines. Output is {{cvt|60|kW|hp PS|0}} and {{convert|11.9|kgm|0|abbr=on}}.

 

 

{{anchor|6A-FC}}

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An early Canadian version produced {{convert|115|hp|kW hp PS|order=out|0|abbr=on}} at 5600&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|15.2|kgm|0|abbr=on}} at 2800&nbsp;rpm. The common (1993 to 1995 North American) version is rated at {{convert|110|hp|kW hp PS|order=out|0|abbr=on}} at 5600&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|15.9|kgm|0|abbr=on}} at 2800&nbsp;rpm. The engine output was changed for the 1996 to 1997 (North American) version mainly due to a different antipollution system and different intake which made it rate at {{convert|105|hp|kW hp PS|order=out|0|abbr=on}} at 5200&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|16.2|kgm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2800&nbsp;rpm.

In the United States, the 7A-FE's most common application was in the 1993–1997 [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]] (7th generation). The engine was also used in some 1994–1999 [[Toyota Celica|Celica]]s (6th generation) at the base ST trim level, as well as the Toyota Corolla's clone, the [[Geo Prizm]].

 

 

In the Australian market, the AE112 Corolla Sportivo had a turbocharged and intercooled 7A-FE, sometimes unofficially referred to as a 7A-FTE. Output was {{convert|115|kW|kW hp PS|order=out||abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm, torque {{convert|24.2|kgm|0|abbr=on}} at 3600 rpm, thanks to an IHI RHF4B turbocharger with 0.55 bar of boost pressure. This was a conversion rather than a ground-up turbo design, with the same 9.5:1 compression ratio as the naturally aspirated 7A-FE.<ref name=7AFTE>{{cite web | url = http://australiancar.reviews/7A-FE-engine.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181229184158/http://australiancar.reviews:80/7A-FE-engine.php | archivedate = 2018-12-29 | work = AustralianCar.reviews | title = 7A-FE Toyota Engine | first = Ian | last = Lithgow | publisher = }}</ref> Only 110 Corolla Sportivos were built.

 

 

===7A-FE===

Applications:

* AE92 [[Toyota Corolla (E90)|Corolla/Conquest]] September 1993 – circa 1998 (South Africa)

* AE93 [[Toyota Corolla (E90)|Corolla]] 1990–1992 (Australia only)

* AE111 [[Toyota Corolla (E110)|Corolla]] 1998–2002 (Brazil)

* AE112/115 [[Toyota Corolla (E110)|Corolla]] 1997–2002 (excluding Japan)

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Output is {{convert|86|hp|kW hp PS|order=out||abbr=on}} at 6,000&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|11.2|kgm|0|abbr=on}} at 5200&nbsp;rpm.