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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{broader|Transgender history}}
<!-- NOTE: When choosing pronouns to talk about persons in this article, per [[MOS:GENDERID]], please: "Give precedence to self-designation as reported in the most up-to-date reliable sources, even when it doesn't match what's most common in reliable sources. ... This applies in references to any phase of that person's life, unless the subject has indicated a preference otherwise. -->
[[File:Transgender Pride flag.svg|thumb|The [[Transgender Pride Flag]], created by American transgender woman [[Monica Helms]] in 1999,<ref name="Monica">{{cite web |url=http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=9721 |title=Gay and Lesbian Times |author=Brian van de Mark |date=10 May 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906123604/http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=9721 |archive-date=6 September 2012 |access-date=3 November 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/art/2014/11/12/smithsonians-queer-collection | title=The Smithsonian's Queer Collection | magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] | date=12 November 2014 | access-date=5 June 2015 | author=Fairyington, Stephanie}}</ref> and first shown at a pride parade in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], United States, in 2000<ref name=transcastro>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/20/transgender-flag_n_2166742.html "Transgender Flag Flies In San Francisco's Castro District After Outrage From Activists" by Aaron Sankin], ''HuffPost'', 20 November 2012.</ref>]]
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[[File:Catlin - Dance to the berdache.jpg|thumb|Anthropologist [[George Catlin]]'s painting, "Dance to the [[Berdache]]" [sic]. Circa 1861–1869, among the [[Sac and Fox Nation]]s. Catlin's writings about gay and gender-variant Indigenous peoples were not flattering.]]
Some [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] Nations have longstanding names and roles for [[gender-variant]] or [[third-gender]] people
One of the first documented inhabitants of the [[American Colonial Era|American colonies]] to challenge [[binary gender]] roles was [[Thomas(ine) Hall]], a servant who, in the 1620s, alternately dressed in both men's and women's clothing. Hall is likely to have been [[intersex]], and was ordered by the Virginia court to wear both a man's [[breeches]] and a woman's apron and cap at the same time.<ref>Genny Beemyn, "Transgender History in the United States", from ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves'', edited by Laura Erickson-Schroth, Oxford University, 2014, p.1 {{ISBN|9780199325351}}</ref><ref>Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor, Lisa G. Materson, ''The Oxford Handbook of American Women's and Gender History'' (2018, {{ISBN|019090657X}}), pages 315–316</ref>
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[[Joseph Lobdell]] (born in 1829 as Lucy Ann Lobdell) lived as a man for sixty years and due to this was arrested and incarcerated in an insane asylum. He was, however, able to marry a woman.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lobdell|first1=Bambi L.|title='A Strange Sort of Being': The Transgender Life of Lucy Ann / Joseph Israel Lobdell, 1829–1912|date=2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0786448050}}</ref>
Stagecoach driver [[Charley Parkhurst]] (born in 1812) ran away from a [[Lebanon, New Hampshire]] orphanage at age 12 and lived as a man for the rest of his life. He was a celebrated carriage driver, spending some of his career serving [[American frontier|frontier California]] during the [[Gold rush|Gold Rush]]. For at least 15 years he worked as a [[Poultry farming|chicken farmer]] and [[lumberjack]], and he managed to retire in [[Watsonville, California|Watsonville]], [[California]]. He died from [[Oral cancer|tongue cancer]] in 1879 while living alone in a cabin. He did not marry, and he was only outed by neighbors after his death.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 9, 1880|title=Thirty Years In Disguise|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1880/01/09/98876579.pdf
[[Mary Jones (trans woman)|Mary Jones]] (born in 1803 as Peter Sewally), a free African-American, was arrested in New York City in 1836 for dressing as a woman, prostitution, and pickpocketing. According to a contemporary report in the ''[[New York World]]'', Jones appeared in court "attired ''a la mode de New York'', elegantly, and in perfect style. Her dingy ears were decked with a pair of snow white earrings, her head was ornamented with a wig of beautiful curly locks, and on it was a gilded comb, which was half hid amid the luxuriant crop of wool."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nyong'o|first1=Tavia|title=The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKJEyVYMFO8C&pg=PA98|date=2009|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0816656134|page=98}}</ref> When asked about the dress, Jones replied, "I have been in the practice of waiting upon Girls of ill fame ... and they induced me to dress in Women's Clothes, saying I looked so much better in them and I have always attended parties among the people of my own Colour dressed in this way – and in New Orleans I always dressed in this way."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snorton|first1=C. Riley|title=Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity|date=2017|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-1517901738}}</ref> Jones was sentenced to five years in prison for grand larceny. A lithograph titled "The Man-Monster", showing Jones in female clothing, was published shortly afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://amhistory.si.edu/petersprints/lithograph.cfm?id=324702&Keywords=man%20monster&Results_Per=10&search_all=false |title='America on Stone' The Harry T. Peters Collection |publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of American History |access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> Jones was arrested twice more in 1845, both times dressed as a woman.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Katz|first1=Jonathan Ned|title=Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality|date=2001|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0226426150}}</ref>
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[[File:Autobiography of an Androgyne - The Author—A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos.jpg|thumb|[[Jennie June (autobiographer)|Jennie June]] posing in imitation of the [[Sleeping Hermaphroditus]] statue, published 1918.]]
In 1895
▲In 1895, a French transgender courtesan and singer known as [[The Countess (trans woman)|The Countess]] published her autobiography, ''The Secret Confessions of a Parisian: The Countess, 1850-1871'', which documented the life of transgender and homosexual people in 19th-century Paris.<ref name= transexpress>{{cite web |url= https://trans-express.lgbt/post/615635917396459520/great-thread-by-cn-lester-over-at-twitter-note|title= The Countess, a Parisian transgender singer in the 1850s/60s|last= Lester|first= CN|date= 17 April 2020|website= Transgender World|publisher= |access-date= 26 June 2023|quote=}}</ref> That same year, a group of self-described [[androgyny#Gender identity|androgynes]] in New York organized a club called the [[Cercle Hermaphroditos]], based on their wish "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution".<ref>{{cite news |last=Stryker |first=Susan |url=http://www.salon.com/2007/10/11/transgender_2/ |title=Why the T in LGBT is here to stay – LGBT |work=Salon |access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref> [[Jennie June (autobiographer)|Jennie June]] (born in 1874, birth name unknown, also wrote under the pseudonyms Earl Lind and Ralph Werther), a member of the Cercle Hermaphroditos, wrote memoirs: ''The Autobiography of an Androgyne'' (1918) and ''The Female Impersonators'' (1922). June described himself with contemporary terms for gender and sexual variance as an [[Sexual inversion (sexology)|invert]], [[Uranian (sexology)|urning]], [[fairy (gay slang)|fairie]], androgyne, and "instinctive female impersonator". June [[Sex_assignment#AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and referred to himself with [[he (pronoun)|he/him pronouns]] throughout his memoirs, but said he had desired all his life to become a woman, and chose to have an [[orchiectomy]] (removal of the [[testicles]]) in order to help feminize his body. His stated purpose in publishing these very personal stories was to help increase acceptance of inverts, and reduce the suicide of young inverts.<ref name="Meyerowitz 2010">Meyerowitz, J. "Thinking Sex With An Androgyne". ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'' 17.1 (2010): 97–105. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref><ref name="outhistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.outhistory.org/wiki/Earl_Lind_(Ralph_Werther-Jennie_June):_The_Riddle_of_the_Underworld,_1921 |title=Earl Lind (Ralph Werther-Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921 |publisher=OutHistory |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729040021/http://www.outhistory.org/wiki/Earl_Lind_%28Ralph_Werther-Jennie_June%29%3A_The_Riddle_of_the_Underworld%2C_1921 |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2010 five sections of her third volume of memoirs (dated 1921 but never published), previously lost, were discovered and published on OutHistory.org.<ref name="outhistory" />
[[Murray Hall (politician)|Murray Hall]] (1841–1901) was a politician in New York City for almost twenty-five years. After Hall's death, it was discovered that he had been assigned female at birth. Hall had been married twice and had an adopted daughter. Although his most recent wife had predeceased him, his daughter was described as "terribly shocked. She said she always believed her foster father was a man, and never heard her foster mother say anything that would lead her to suspect otherwise."<ref>{{cite news|title=Murray Hall fooled many shrewd men|work=The New York Times|date=19 January 1901}}</ref>
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Trans woman [[Lucy Hicks Anderson]] was born in 1886 in Waddy, Kentucky. She served as a domestic worker in her teen years, eventually becoming a socialite and madame in Oxnard, California during the 1920s and 1930s. In 1945, she was tried in Ventura County for perjury and fraud for receiving spousal allotments from the military, as her dressing and presenting as a woman was considered masquerading. She lost the case, but avoided a lengthy jail sentence, only to be tried again by the federal government shortly thereafter. She also lost this case, and was sentenced to jail time, along with her then husband Ruben Anderson. After serving their sentences, they relocated to Los Angeles, where they lived quietly until her death in 1954.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of LGBT elders: an interdisciplinary approach to principles, practices, and policies|last1=Harley |first1=Debra A. |last2=Teaster |first2=Pamela Booth|date=September 14, 2015 |isbn=9783319036229|location=Cham|oclc=917891209}}</ref>
[[Billy Tipton]] was a notable American jazz musician and bandleader who lived as a man in all aspects of his life from the 1940s until his death. His own son did not know of his past until Tipton's death. The first newspaper article about Tipton was published the day after his funeral and was quickly picked up by [[wire services]]. Stories about Tipton appeared in a variety of papers including tabloids such as the ''[[National Enquirer]]'' and ''[[Star (magazine)|Star]]'', as well as more reputable papers such as ''[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]]'' and ''[[The Seattle Times]]''. Tipton's family also made [[talk show]] appearances.<ref name="STANFORD">{{cite news |last=Lehrman |first=Sally |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9705/9705fea601.shtml |title=Billy Tipton: Self-Made Man |publisher=Stanford Today Online |date=May–June 1997 |access-date=February 1, 2007 |archive-date=February 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218173801/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9705/9705fea601.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===1950s and 1960s===
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In 1960 Virginia Prince began another publication, also called ''Transvestia'', that discussed transgender concerns. In 1962, she founded the Hose and Heels Club for cross-dressers, which soon changed its name to Phi Pi Epsilon, a name designed to evoke [[Greek letter organization|Greek-letter sororities]] and to play on the initials FPE, the acronym for Prince's philosophy of "Full Personality Expression". Prince believed that the binary gender system harmed both men and women by keeping them from their full human potential, and she considered cross-dressing to be one means of fixing this.<ref name="glbtq" />
[[Reed Erickson]], a transsexual man, founded the Erickson Educational Foundation in 1964. EEF supplied information at no cost to transgender people, family members, and professionals and provided funding for the publication of Richard Green and [[John Money]]'s edited 1969 text ''Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment'' and other books about sex and gender.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment|last1=Green|first1=Richard|last2=Money|first2=John |author-link2 = John Money|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|year=1969|isbn=978-0801810381}}</ref> EEF also funded the earliest symposia for professionals who worked with transsexuals; this eventually resulted in the formation of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, which is today called the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/~erick123/|title=Reed Erickson and the Erickson Educational Foundation|last=Devor|first=Aaron|date=September 8, 2013|website=Sociology Department|publisher=University of Victoria|access-date=August 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpath.org/|title=World Professional Association for Transgender Health|website
In the late 1960s in New York, [[Mario Martino]] founded the Labyrinth Foundation Counseling Service, which was the first transgender community-based organization that specifically addressed the needs of transsexual men.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Stonewall Reader|publisher=Penguin Classics|year=2019|isbn=9780143133513|pages=82|author=Mario Martino |contribution=Extract from ''Emergence: A Transsexual Autobiography''|orig-year=1977}}</ref>
[[File:HollyWoodlawnMay07.jpg|thumb|[[Holly Woodlawn]], Andy Warhol superstar, in 2007]]
Transgender people also gained some exposure through popular culture, in particular the work of [[Andy Warhol]]. In the 1960s and early 1970s the transgender actresses [[Holly Woodlawn]] and [[Candy Darling]] were among Warhol's [[Warhol Superstars]], appearing in several of his films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-07 |title=Lou Reed's Walk on the Wild Side: what became of Candy, Little Joe and co? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/shortcuts/2015/dec/07/holly-woodlawn-walk-on-the-wild-side-lou-reed-candy-little-joe |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 1968, [[Gore Vidal]]
On April 25, 1965, over 150 people were denied service at Dewey's, a local coffee shop and diner at 219 South 17th Street in Philadelphia, near [[Rittenhouse Square]]. Those denied service were variously described at the time as "homosexuals", "masculine women", "feminine men", and "persons wearing non-conformist clothing". Three teenagers (reported by the [[Janus Society]] and ''[[Drum (American magazine)|Drum]]'' magazine to be two males and one female) staged a sit-in that day. After restaurant managers contacted police, the three were arrested. In the process of offering legal support for the teens, local activist and president of the homophile organization the Janus Society, Clark Polak, was also arrested. Demonstrations took place outside the establishment over the next five days with 1500 flyers being distributed by the Janus Society and its supporters. Three people staged a second sit-in on May 2, 1965. The police were again called, but refused to make arrests this time. The Janus Society said the protests were successful in preventing further arrests and the action was deemed "the first sit-in of its kind in the history of the United States" by ''Drum'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/deweys-sit-in/intro |title=Marc Stein: Dewey's Sit-in, Philadelphia, April 25, 1965 |publisher=OutHistory|date=April 20, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2018}}</ref>
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[[File:SandyStone.JPG|thumb|[[Sandy Stone (artist)|Sandy Stone]], as transgender engineer of Olivia Records, was targeted in the 1970s; she has been cited as the originator of [[transgender studies]].]]
The 1970s also saw conflict between the transgender and lesbian communities in America. A dispute began in 1973, when the [[West Coast Lesbian Conference]] split over a scheduled performance by the lesbian transgender folk singer [[Beth Elliott]].<ref name="newyorker">{{cite web | url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/08/04/woman-2 | title=What Is a Woman? The dispute between radical feminism and transgenderism | work=[[New Yorker Magazine]] | date=August 4, 2014 | access-date=August 5, 2014 | last=Goldberg |first=Michelle}}</ref> Elliott had served as vice-president of the San Francisco chapter of the lesbian group [[Daughters of Bilitis]], and edited the chapter's newsletter, ''Sisters'', but was expelled from the group in 1973 on the grounds that she was not really a woman.<ref name="glbtq" /><ref name="Meyerowitz-2009">{{cite book |last1=Meyerowitz |first1=Joanne J |title=How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFP2PmYPBBAC&pg=PT289 |date=June 30, 2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 |page=289}}</ref> In 1977 some lesbians protested the fact that lesbian transgender woman [[Sandy Stone (artist)|Sandy Stone]] was employed at [[Olivia Records]].<ref name="Meyerowitz-2009" /> In 1979 lesbian radical feminist activist [[Janice Raymond]] released the book ''[[The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male]]'', which she framed as a critique of a patriarchal medical and psychiatric establishment, and which maintains that transsexualism is based on the "patriarchal myths" of "male mothering", and "making of woman according to man's image". Raymond claimed this was done in order "to colonize feminist identification, culture, politics and sexuality", adding: "All transsexuals rape women's bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact, appropriating this body for themselves ... Transsexuals merely cut off the most obvious means of invading women, so that they seem non-invasive." In this charge, Raymond echoed feminist [[Robin Morgan]]'s charge at the 1973 West Coast Lesbian Conference, held in Los Angeles, that pre-op transsexual folk singer Beth Elliott, who had performed the previous day, was "an opportunist, an infiltrator, and a destroyer-with the mentality of a rapist".<ref>Robin Morgan, "Keynote Address" Lesbian Tide. May/Jun73, Vol. 2 Issue 10/11, pp. 30–34 (quote p 32).</ref> In particular, Raymond mounted an ''ad hominem'' attack on Sandy Stone in ''The Transsexual Empire''.<ref name="raymond1979">Raymond, Janice (1979). ''The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male.'' Teachers College Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8070-2164-4}}</ref> Raymond accused Stone by name of plotting to destroy the [[Olivia Records]] collective and womanhood in general with "male energy". In 1976, prior to publication, Raymond had sent a draft of the chapter attacking Stone to the Olivia collective "for comment", apparently in anticipation of outing Stone. Raymond appeared unaware that Stone had informed the collective of her transgender status before agreeing to join. The collective did return comments to Raymond, suggesting that her description of transgender people and of Stone's place in and effect on the collective was at odds with the reality of the collective's interaction with Stone.
Raymond still published the book in 1979, and in response Stone published "[[The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto]]", which has been cited as the origin of [[transgender studies]].<ref name="https://www.buzzfeed.com">{{cite web |date=July 12, 2013 |title=24 Americans Who Changed The Way We Think About Transgender Rights |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/thomaspagemcbee/25-important-trans-and-gender-nonconforming-ameri-9bf1 |access-date=July 16, 2013 |publisher=Buzzfeed}}</ref>
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In 1991 a transgender woman named [[Nancy Burkholder]] was removed from the [[Michigan Womyn's Music Festival]] when security guards realized she was transgender. After that there were demonstrations against the Festival's women-born-women only policy. These demonstrations were known as [[Camp Trans]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-09-12/columns/trouble-in-utopia/ |title=Trouble in Utopia |access-date=January 10, 2009 |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=September 12, 2000 |archive-date=January 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115211653/http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-09-12/columns/trouble-in-utopia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The final Michigan Womyn's Music Festival was held in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.advocate.com/michfest/2015/04/21/years-michigan-womyns-music-festival-will-be-last |title=This Year's Michigan Womyn's Music Festival Will Be the Last |publisher=The Advocate |first=Trudy |last=Ring |date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2015}}</ref>
1991 was also the year of the first [[Southern Comfort Conference]], a major [[transgender]] conference that takes place annually in [[Atlanta, Georgia]].<ref>{{Cite book | last = Erhardt | first = Virginia | title = Head over heels: wives who stay with cross-dressers and transexuals | publisher = Haworth Press | year = 2007 | page = 11 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8ycEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22southern+comfort+conference%22 | isbn = 9780789030948}}</ref><ref>Eleanor J. Brader. [http://www.conducivemag.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=91:trans-health-care-reform-its-about-life-and-death829 "Trans Health Care Reform: It's About Life and Death"]. ''Conducive'' August/September 2009.</ref><ref name="jarvie"/> It is the largest,<ref name="jarvie">{{Cite news | last = Jarvie | first = Jenny | title = The Nation; Transitioning into new jobs, genders; At the first transgender career expo, men and women meet companies that accept them for who they are becoming | newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]] | page = A.18 | date = September 16, 2007 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1336473091.html?dids=1336473091:1336473091&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+16%2C+2007&author=Jenny+Jarvie&pub=Los+Angeles+Timesdesc=The+Nation%3B+Transitioning+into+new+jobs%2C+genders%3B+At+the+first+transgender+career+expo%2C+men+and+women+meet+companies+that+accept+them+for+who+they+are+becoming.&pqatl=google | access-date = October 21, 2009 }}{{
Several transgender organizations were founded in the 1990s and early 2000s. In 1991, Dallas Denny launched the 501(c)(3) nonprofit American Educational Gender Information Service, which provided information and referrals to trans people, their families, and the press, and published the respected journal ''Chrysalis Quarterly''.<ref>{{
[[File:PFLAG of the Lower Shenandoah 07 - DC Capital Pride - 2014-06-07.jpg|thumb|right|Parents of transgender children became active in the 2000s]]
The LGBT rights group [[Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays]] (PFLAG), founded in 1972, also became more supportive of transgender people at this time. In 1998 gender identity was added to their mission after a vote at their annual meeting in San Francisco.<ref name="bare_url_a">{{cite web|url=http://community.pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=398 |title=PFLAG: Parents, Families, & Friends of Lesbians and Gays |publisher=PFLAG |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620050818/http://community.pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=398 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> PFLAG was the first national LGBT organization to officially adopt a transgender inclusion policy for its work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.pflag.org/page.aspx?pid=380 |title=PFLAG: Parents, Families, & Friends of Lesbians and Gays |publisher=PFLAG |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514141130/http://community.pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=380 |archive-date=May 14, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> PFLAG established its Transgender Network, also known as TNET, in 2002, as its first official "Special Affiliate", recognized with the same privileges and responsibilities as its regular chapters.<ref name="bare_url_a" />
At this time the transgender community became more visible. A high school teacher in Lake Forest, Illinois, Karen Kopriva, became the first American teacher to transition on the job in 1998. There was considerable media uproar, but when another teacher followed the next year in a different suburb hardly anyone noticed.<ref>{{
Transgender visibility in the LGBT community also gathered force in the 2000s. In 2002, Pete Chvany, Luigi Ferrer, James Green, [[Loraine Hutchins]] and [[Monica McLemore]] presented at the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Health Summit, held in Boulder, Colorado, marking the first time transgender people, bisexual people, and intersex people were recognized as co-equal partners on the national level rather than gay and lesbian "allies" or tokens.<ref name="binetusa">{{cite web|url=http://www.binetusa.org/bihealth.html|title=Timeline: The Bisexual Health Movement in the US|publisher=BiNetUSA|access-date=September 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207185405/http://www.binetusa.org/bihealth.html|archive-date=February 7, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2004 the [[San Francisco Trans March]] was first held.<ref name="transmarch.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.transmarch.org/about |title=About the San Francisco Trans March |website=Transmarch.org |date=June 25, 2004 |access-date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> It has been held annually since; it is San Francisco's largest transgender Pride event and one of the largest trans events in the entire world.<ref name="transmarch.org"/> Also in 2004 the book ''[[The Man Who Would Be Queen|The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism]]'' by the highly controversial researcher [[J. Michael Bailey]] was announced as a finalist in the Transgender category of the 2003 [[Lambda Literary Awards]]. Transgender people immediately protested the nomination and gathered thousands of petition signatures in opposition within a few days. After the petition, the Foundation's judges examined the book more closely, decided that they considered it [[transphobia|transphobic]] and removed it from their list of finalists.<ref>{{cite web
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}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hawaii.gov/elections/results/2010/general/files/histatewide.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=hawaii.gov |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209192251/http://hawaii.gov/elections/results/2010/general/files/histatewide.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008 [[Stu Rasmussen]] became the first openly transgender mayor in America (in Silverton, Oregon).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sturasmussen.com/realityCheck.htm |title=Stu Rasmussen for Mayor - Reality Check |website=Sturasmussen.com |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420133725/http://www.sturasmussen.com/realityCheck.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election-diary-the-sex-change-we-can-all-believe-in-1003960.html |title=US election diary: The sex change we can all believe in |newspaper=The Independent |date=November 9, 2008 |access-date=May 15, 2012 |location=London}}</ref> In 2009 [[Diego Sanchez]] became the first openly transgender person to work on [[Capitol Hill]], where he worked as a legislative assistant for [[Barney Frank]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavers |first=Michael K. |url=http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=84890 |title=HRC Applauds Naming of Diego Sanchez to Key Legislative Staff Position for Chairman Barney Frank |work=EDGE Boston |date=December 18, 2008 |access-date=May 15, 2012 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019104840/http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=84890 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanchez was also the first transgender person on the [[Democratic National Committee]]'s (DNC) Platform Committee in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yager |first=Jordy |url=
Transgender history also began to be recognized around this time. In 1996 Leslie Feinberg published ''Transgender Warriors,'' a history of transgender people.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Transgender Warriors: Making History From Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman|last = Feinberg|first = Leslie|publisher = Beacon Press.|year = 1996|isbn = 978-0807079416|location = Boston|url = https://archive.org/details/transgenderwarri00fein}}</ref> Dallas Denny founded the Transgender Historical Society in 1995 and in 2000 donated her collection of historical materials to the Joseph A. Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://dallasdenny.com/Writing/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Shhh-NTLA-V.-2-No.-0-in-AEGIS-News-No.-3.pdf|title = Ssshhh! V. 2, No. 0, March, 1995|date = May 25, 2013|access-date = November 15, 2015|publisher = Dallas Denny}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://dallasdenny.com/Writing/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Shhh-NTLA-V.-2-No.-0-in-AEGIS-News-No.-3.pdf|title = Library acquires materials on transsexual/transgender movement|date = August 13, 2001|access-date = November 15, 2015}}</ref> In 2008 Cristan Williams donated her personal collection to the [[Transgender Foundation of America]], where it became the first collection in the [[Transgender Archive]], an archive of transgender history worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outsmartmagazine.com/2009/06/the-houston-transgender-archive/ |title=The Houston Transgender Archive |work=Outsmartmagazine.com |date=June 1, 2009 |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tgarchive.org/about/ |title=About |work=TG Archive |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> In 2009 the Committee on Lesbian and Gay History, an affiliated society of the [[American Historical Association]], changed its name to the [[Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clgbthistory.org/ |title=The Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History |work=Clgbthistory.org |access-date=November 6, 2012}}</ref>
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Transgender people also made groundbreaking strides in entertainment. In 2001 [[Jessica Crockett]] became the first transgender female actress to play a transgender character on television, on [[James Cameron]]'s TV series ''[[Dark Angel (2000 TV series)|Dark Angel]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc57.2016/-Feder-JuhaszTransActivism/index.html |title=Does visibility equal progress? A conversation on trans activist media |last1=Feder |first1=Sam |last2=Juhasz |first2=Alexandra |year=2016 |work=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180824015809/https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc57.2016/-Feder-JuhaszTransActivism/index.html |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hivplusmag.com/print-issue/2017/11/29/these-transparent-stars-are-making-tv-history?pg=full |title=These Transparent Stars Are Making TV History |last=Artavia |first=Davis |date=November 29, 2017 |work=HIVPlusMag |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180824015748/https://www.hivplusmag.com/print-issue/2017/11/29/these-transparent-stars-are-making-tv-history?pg=full |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.autostraddle.com/55-trans-women-actresses-you-should-know-and-also-love-382311/ |title=58 Trans Women Actresses You Should Know and Also Love |last=Bernard |first=Marie Lyn |date=August 8, 2017 |work=[[Autostraddle]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180824020405/https://www.autostraddle.com/55-trans-women-actresses-you-should-know-and-also-love-382311/ |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2004, the first all-transgender performance of ''[[The Vagina Monologues]]'' was held. The monologues were read by eighteen notable transgender women, and a new monologue revolving around the experiences and struggles of transgender women was included.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Ensler |first1=Eve |title=Eve Ensler to Mount Holyoke Students: "I Never Defined a Woman as a Person with a Vagina" |url=https://time.com/3672912/eve-ensler-vagina-monologues-mount-holyoke-college/ |access-date=October 19, 2021 |magazine=Time |date=January 19, 2015 |language=en}}</ref> In 2005 [[Alexandra Billings]] became the second openly transgender woman to have played a transgender character on television, which she did in the made-for-TV movie ''Romy and Michelle: A New Beginning''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2014/oct/10/-sp-alexandra-billings-transgender-actor-transparent|title=Alexandra Billings, transgender actor: 'Transparent came up when I had nothing to lose'|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=October 30, 2014|date=October 10, 2014|last1=Thrasher|first1=Steven W.}}</ref> From 2007 to 2008 actress [[Candis Cayne]] played Carmelita Rainer, a transgender woman having an affair with married New York Attorney General Patrick Darling (played by [[William Baldwin]]), on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] prime time drama ''[[Dirty Sexy Money]]''.<ref name="October Surprises">{{cite web |last=Brownworth | first=Victoria A. | title=October Surprises | work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]| date=October 18, 2007 | url =http://ebar.com/arts/art_article.php?sec=lavendertube&article=49 | access-date=October 20, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Advocate 2009-03">{{cite news|title=I Advocate ...|date=March 2009|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|publisher=Issue #1024|page=80}}</ref><ref name="Metro UK 2008-03-13">{{cite web|work=Metro|location=UK|date=March 13, 2008|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/article.html?in_article_id=117834&in_page_id=7&expand=true |title=Transsexual beauty makes TV history|access-date=February 20, 2009}}</ref> The role made Cayne the first openly transgender actress to play a recurring transgender character in prime time.<ref name="October Surprises"/><ref name="Advocate 2009-03"/><ref name="Metro UK 2008-03-13"/>
The American transgender community also achieved some firsts in religion around this time. In 2002 at the Reform Jewish seminary [[Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion]] in New York the Reform rabbi [[Margaret Wenig]] organized the first school-wide seminar at any rabbinical school which addressed the psychological, legal, and religious issues affecting people who are transsexual or intersex.<ref name="Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion, Faculty, Rabbi Margaret Moers Wenig, D.D.">{{cite web|url=http://huc.edu/faculty/faculty/MargaretWenig.shtml |access-date=April 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623080230/http://huc.edu/faculty/faculty/MargaretWenig.shtml |archive-date=June 23, 2013 |title=Rabbi Margaret Moers Wenig, D.D.}}</ref> In 2003 she organized the first school-wide seminar at the [[Reconstructionist Rabbinical College]] which addressed the psychological, legal, and religious issues affecting people who are transsexual or intersex.<ref name="Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion, Faculty, Rabbi Margaret Moers Wenig, D.D."/> Also in 2003, [[Reuben Zellman]] became the first openly transgender person accepted to the [[Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion]], where he was ordained in 2010.<ref name="Forward.com">{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/14854/transgender-jews-now-out-of-closet-seeking-commun-/ |title=Transgender Jews Now Out of Closet, Seeking Communal Recognition |date=January 2009 |publisher=Forward.com |access-date=November 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishmosaic.org/page/load_page/50 |title=Mosaic: The Reform Movement on LGBT Issues |publisher=Jewish Mosaic |access-date=November 6, 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506220137/http://www.jewishmosaic.org/page/load_page/50 |archive-date=May 6, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bethelberkeley.org/aboutus/rabbi-zellman |title=Rabbi Zellman |publisher=bethelberkeley.org |access-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007023144/http://www.bethelberkeley.org/aboutus/rabbi-zellman |archive-date=October 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Elliot Kukla]], who came out as transgender six months before his ordination in 2006, was the first openly transgender person to be ordained by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.<ref name="Forward.com"/> [[HUC-JIR]] is the oldest extant Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators, and communal workers in [[Reform Judaism]]. In 2007 [[Joy Ladin]] became the first openly transgender professor at an Orthodox Jewish institution (Stern College for Women of [[Yeshiva University]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=Through the Door of Life: A Jewish Journey between Genders |first=Joy |last=Ladin |date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn = 978-0299287306}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sjjcc.org/arts/performance-guest-speakers/ |title=Performance & Guest Speakers |publisher=Sjjcc.org |access-date=November 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314060544/http://www.sjjcc.org/arts/performance-guest-speakers/ |archive-date=March 14, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Emily Aviva Kapor was ordained privately by a rabbi she defined as "[[Conservadox]]" in 2005, but did not begin living as a woman until 2012, thus becoming the first openly transgender female rabbi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/180230/emily-aviva-kapor-creating-a-jewish-community-for/|title=Emily Aviva Kapor: Creating a Jewish Community for Trans Women|publisher=The Forward |date=July 15, 2013 |access-date=October 25, 2013}}</ref>
===2010s and 2020s===
[[File:Chaz Bono square photo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Chaz Bono]] appeared on ''Dancing with the Stars'' in 2011.]]
In the 2010s openly transgender people became increasingly prominent in entertainment. [[Chaz Bono]] became a highly visible transgender celebrity when he appeared on the 13th season of the US version of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' in 2011, which was the first time an openly transgender man starred on a major network television show for something unrelated to being transgender.<ref name="Great2011">{{cite news|title=Op-ed: 14 Reasons That Made 2011 Great for Trans People|url=http://www.advocate.com/society/transgendered/2011/12/28/14-reasons-made-2011-great-trans-people|access-date=February 6, 2016|work=The Advocate|date=December 28, 2011}}</ref> He also made ''Becoming Chaz'', a documentary about his gender transition that premiered at the 2011 [[Sundance Film Festival]]. OWN (the Oprah Winfrey Network) acquired the rights to the documentary and debuted it on May 10, 2011. Also in 2011, [[Harmony Santana]] became the first openly transgender actress to receive a major acting award nomination when she was nominated by the [[Independent Spirit Awards]] as Best Supporting Actress for the movie ''[[Gun Hill Road (film)|Gun Hill Road]]''.<ref name="Great2011" /> In 2012, ''Bring It On: The Musical'' premiered on Broadway, and it featured the first transgender teenage character ever in a Broadway show – La Cienega, a transgender woman played by actor [[Gregory Haney]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/169103-It-Aint-No-Thing-Bring-It-On-The-Musical-Cheers-On-Broadways-First-Transgender-Teen-Character |title='It Ain't No Thing': Bring It On: The Musical Cheers On Broadway's First Transgender Teen Character |work=Playbill |access-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106195615/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/169103-It-Aint-No-Thing-Bring-It-On-The-Musical-Cheers-On-Broadways-First-Transgender-Teen-Character |archive-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> That same year singer
In the 2010s transgender people also made more inroads in politics. In 2010 [[Amanda Simpson]] became the first openly transgender presidential appointee in America when she was appointed as senior technical adviser in the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/amanda-simpson-transgender-presidential-appointee-begins-work-commerce/story?id=9477161 |title=Amanda Simpson, First Transgender Presidential Appointee, Begins Work at Commerce Department |publisher=ABC News |date=January 5, 2010 |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> Also in 2010, [[Victoria Kolakowski]] became the first openly transgender judge in America.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sheridan |first=Michael |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-11-17/news/27081592_1_transgender-election-coverage-judicial-elections |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707010515/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-11-17/news/27081592_1_transgender-election-coverage-judicial-elections |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |title=California elects nation's first openly transgender judge, Victoria Kolakowski |work=New York Daily News|location=New York |date=November 17, 2010 |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> In 2012 [[Stacie Laughton]] became the first openly transgender person elected as a state legislator in United States history. However, she resigned before she was sworn in and was never seated. It was revealed that she was a convicted felon and was still on probation, having served four months in Belknap County House of Corrections following a 2008 credit card fraud conviction. It was later determined that she was ineligible to serve in the New Hampshire State Legislature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/new-hampshire-elects-nations-first-trans-lawmaker |title=New Hampshire Elects Nation's First Out Trans Lawmaker|publisher=buzzfeed.com |date=November 8, 2012 |access-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/stacie-laughton-resigns-transgender-new-hampshire-state-rep_n_2200297.html?ir=Gay+Voices|title=Stacie Laughton Resigns: Transgender New Hampshire Rep May Step Down Following News Of Criminal Past |work=HuffPost |date= November 27, 2012|access-date=January 6, 2013 |first=Curtis |last=Wong}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nashua.patch.com/groups/politics-and-elections/p/laughton-told-she-s-not-eligible-drops-out-of-special-election |title=Laughton Told She's Not Eligible, Drops Out of Special Election |date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=July 5, 2014}}</ref> Previously, in 1992 [[Althea Garrison]] had been elected as a state legislator, serving one term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, but it was not publicly known she was transgender when she was elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/elected_officials,2.html |title=Social sciences - Elected Officials |publisher=glbtq |date=November 13, 2006 |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173926/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/elected_officials%2C2.html |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2017, [[Danica Roem]] was elected to the [[Virginia House of Delegates]].<ref name="nbc-14jun2017">{{cite news|last1=Moreau|first1=Julie|title=Transgender Candidate Danica Roem Wins Virginia Primary, Makes History|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/transgender-candidate-danica-roem-wins-virginia-primary-makes-history-n772486|access-date=June 18, 2017|publisher=NBC News|date=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/she-is-transgender-he-proposed-a-bathroom-bill-theyre-running-against-each-other-in-northern-virginia/2017/06/14/078f22a4-50b9-11e7-be25-3a519335381c_story.html|title=She is transgender. He proposed a 'bathroom bill'. They're running against each other in Northern Virginia.|last=Olivo|first=Antonio|date=June 14, 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=October 12, 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> She became the first openly transgender person to both be elected to a U.S. state's legislature <!---See talk page before changing wording--->and serve her term.<ref>[[Althea Garrison]] served a term in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] after being outed, but subsequent to winning her election in 1992. [[Stacie Laughton]] was elected in 2012 to the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives]] while openly transgender, but did not serve her term.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Chris|title=Va. trans candidate wins primary, now faces anti-LGBT lawmaker|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2017/06/13/va-trans-candidate-wins-primary-face-anti-gay-lawmaker/|website=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|access-date=8 November 2017|date=13 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="wapo-07nov2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/danica-roem-will-be-vas-first-openly-transgender-elected-official-after-unseating-conservative-robert-g-marshall-in-house-race/2017/11/07/d534bdde-c0af-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html |author=Olivo, Antonio |date=November 8, 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Danica Roem of Virginia to be first openly transgender person elected, seated in a U.S. statehouse |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2017/06/21/danica-roem-campaign-not-based-gender/|title=Danica Roem: Campaign is 'not based on my gender'|last=Lavers|first=Michael|date=June 21, 2017|work=Washington Blade |access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> Also in 2017, Tyler Titus, a transgender man, became the first openly transgender person elected to public office in Pennsylvania when he was elected to the Erie School Board.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ed |last=Palattella |url=http://www.dispatch.com/news/20171108/transgender-man-wins-school-board-seat-in-pennsylvania |title=Transgender man wins school board seat in Pennsylvania |work=The Columbus Dispatch |access-date=December 5, 2017}}</ref> He and [[Phillipe Cunningham]], elected to the Minneapolis City Council on the same night, became the first two openly trans men to be elected to public office in the United States.<ref name=WashingtonBlade>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2017/11/08/phillipe-cunningham-first-trans-man-elected-u-s-public-office/ |title=Phillipe Cunningham makes history as Minnesota trans male candidate |first=Chris |last=Johnson |date=November 8, 2017 |publisher=[[Washington Blade]] |access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> [[Andrea Jenkins]] was also elected to the Minneapolis City Council that same night, making her the first openly transgender African-American woman elected to public office in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chia |first=Jessica |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/transgender-person-color-elected-public-office-u-s-article-1.3618121 |title=First openly transgender African American woman elected |newspaper=Daily News|location=New York |date=November 8, 2017 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Laverne Cox at San Francisco Trans March 2015.jpg|thumb|left|LGBTQ activist and actress [[Laverne Cox]] at San Francisco Trans March 2015]]
In 2014 openly transgender people became more visible. That year [[Laverne Cox]] was on the cover of the June 9, 2014, issue of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', and was interviewed for the article "The Transgender Tipping Point" by Katy Steinmetz, which ran in that issue and the title of which was also featured on the cover; this made Cox the first openly transgender person on the cover of ''Time''.<ref name=Levenson>{{cite web |last=Levenson |first=Eric |url=http://www.thewire.com/culture/2014/05/laverne-cox-is-the-first-transgender-person-on-the-cover-of-time/371798/ |title=Laverne Cox Is the First Transgender Person on the Cover of Time |work=The Wire |date=May 29, 2014 |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=July 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701061058/http://www.thewire.com/culture/2014/05/laverne-cox-is-the-first-transgender-person-on-the-cover-of-time/371798/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Katy Steinmetz">{{cite magazine|first=Katy |last=Steinmetz |url=http://time.com/135480/transgender-tipping-point/?pcd=hp-magmod |title=The Transgender Tipping Point |magazine=Time |access-date=June 29, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Myles Tanzer">{{cite news|first=Myles |last=Tanzer |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/mylestanzer/laverne-cox-is-on-the-cover-of-time-magazine |title=Laverne Cox Is on the Cover Of Time Magazine |publisher=Buzzfeed.com |access-date=June 29, 2014}}</ref> Later in 2014 Cox became the first openly transgender person to be nominated for an [[Primetime Emmy Award|Emmy]] in an acting category: Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Sophia Burset in ''Orange Is the New Black''.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2014/07/10/emmy-nominees-list/12428631/ |title=2014 Primetime Emmy nominees |work=USA Today |date=July 10, 2014 |access-date=July 19, 2014}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web|url=http://www.extratv.com/2014/07/10/2014-emmy-awards-orange-is-the-new-blacks-laverne-cox-is-first-transgender-nominee/ |title=2014 Emmy Awards: 'Orange Is the New Black's' Laverne Cox Is First Transgender Nominee |publisher=ExtraTV.com |date=July 10, 2014 |access-date=July 19, 2014}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news|first=Gavin |last=Gaughan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/jan/23/angela-morley-obituary-wally-stott |title=Obituary: Angela Morley |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=July 19, 2014}}</ref> She did not win, however.<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/emmys-awards-2014-orange-new-black-actress-uzo-aduba-beats-laverne-cox-outstanding-guest-1669086|title=Emmys Awards 2014: 'Orange Is The New Black' Actress Uzo Aduba Beats Laverne Cox For Outstanding Guest Actress|first=Nicole|last=Massabrook|date=August 26, 2014|work=International Business Times}}</ref> Also that year ''Transgender Studies Quarterly'', the first non-medical academic journal devoted to transgender issues, began publication with two openly transgender coeditors, [[Susan Stryker]] and [[Paisley Currah]].<ref name="PlanteMaurer2009">{{cite book|first1=Rebecca F.|last1=Plante|first2=Lis M.|last2=Maurer|title=Doing Gender Diversity: Readings in Theory and Real-World Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7xiBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA463|date=August 11, 2009|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-4437-9|page=463}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kellaway |first=Mitch |url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/05/27/duke-univ-press-debuts-academic-journal-transgender-studies |title=Duke Univ. Press Debuts Academic Journal for Transgender Studies |publisher=Advocate.com |date=May 27, 2014 |access-date=July 25, 2014}}</ref> Also in 2014 a wooden racket used by openly transgender tennis player [[Renée Richards]] and the original transgender pride flag created by openly transgender activist and Navy veteran Monica Helms, as well as items from Helms's career in the service as a submariner, were donated to the [[National Museum of American History]], which is part of the Smithsonian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.out.com/entertainment/popnography/2014/08/20/original-transgender-pride-flag-will-grace-artifacts-smithsonian|title=Original Transgender Pride Flag, Will & Grace Artifacts Donated to Smithsonian|date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> But perhaps the most important change in 2014 was that [[Mills College]] became the first single-sex college in the U.S. to adopt a policy explicitly welcoming openly transgender students, followed by [[Mount Holyoke College|Mount Holyoke]] becoming the first [[Seven Sisters (colleges)|Seven Sisters]] college to accept transgender students.<ref name="Mills">{{cite web | url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/08/27/calif-womens-college-makes-trans-inclusive-history| title= Calif. Women's College Makes Trans-Inclusive History| date=August 27, 2014 | publisher=The Advocate | author=Parker Marie Molloy| access-date=August 27, 2014| author-link= Parker Marie Molloy}}</ref><ref name="Holyoke">{{cite web | url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/09/03/watch-first-seven-sisters-schools-admit-trans-women| title= Mt. Holyoke Becomes First 'Seven Sisters' School to Admit Trans Women| date= September 3, 2014 | publisher=The Advocate| first=Mitch| last=Kellaway| access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, gay trans man Lou Cutler become the first [[transgender man]] to be crowned Mr. Gay Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2014/06/22/lou-cutler-wins-mr-gay-philadelphia-2014/ |title=Lou Cutler Wins Mr. Gay Philadelphia 2014 |publisher=Philly Mag |access-date=2019-04-26|date=June 22, 2014 }}</ref>
Following her divorce in 2015, [[Caitlyn Jenner]] came out in a television interview as a transgender woman.<ref name="trans">{{cite news|last1=Slonik|first1=Daniel|title=Bruce Jenner Says He Identifies as a Woman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/business/media/bruce-jenner-says-he-identifies-as-a-woman.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 24, 2015|quote=For the purpose of the interview, Mr. Jenner said he preferred the pronoun 'he', and Ms. Sawyer called him Bruce.}}</ref> On June 1, 2015, Caitlyn Jenner (formerly Bruce Jenner) revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and her use of female pronouns officially.<ref name="Leibovitz">{{cite web|first = Buzz |last = Bissinger |title=Introducing Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-bruce-cover-annie-leibovitz/|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=June 1, 2015|access-date=June 1, 2015|author-link=Buzz Bissinger}}</ref> Many news sources
As for political organizations fighting for LGBT rights, in 2012 [[Allyson Robinson]], who graduated [[West Point]] as Daniel Robinson, was appointed as the first Executive Director of [[OutServe]]-[[SLDN]], the association of LGBT people serving in the military, making her the first openly transgender person to lead a national LGBT organization that does not have an explicit transgender focus.<ref name="buzzfeedannounce">{{cite web|title=Military Group Picks Trans Woman As Leader|date=October 25, 2012 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/military-group-picks-trans-woman-as-leader |publisher=Buzzfeed |access-date=October 25, 2012}}</ref> 2012 also saw the country's first government-funded campaign to combat anti-transgender discrimination, held by the D.C. Office of Human Rights.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lavers |first=Michael K. |url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2012/08/03/exclusive-d-c-office-of-human-rights-to-launch-anti-transgender-discrimination-campaign/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: D.C. Office of Human Rights to launch anti-transgender discrimination campaign |publisher=Washington Blade |date=August 3, 2012 |access-date=November 6, 2012}}</ref>
There were also two firsts for transgender people in sports in the 2010s. [[Kye Allums]] became the first openly transgender athlete to play NCAA basketball in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://
|url=http://www.startribune.com/sports/gophers/106641518.html?elr=KArksLckD8EQDUoaEyqyP4O:DW3ckUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUvDEhiaE3miUsZ
|title=Ex-Centennial star deals with transgender publicity
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It was announced on June 30, 2016, that, beginning on that date, otherwise qualified United States service members could no longer be discharged, denied reenlistment, involuntarily separated, or denied continuation of service because of being transgender.<ref name=transgenderend>{{cite news|title=TMilitary lifts transgender ban s|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article86902072.html|agency=McClatchy|date=June 30, 2016|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> However, on July 26, 2017, President [[Donald Trump]] announced that transgender people would not be allowed to "serve in any capacity in the U.S. Military". Then on October 4 of that year, the Civil Division of the Department of Justice filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint in ''[[Jane Doe v. Trump]]'' (about the new policy) and to oppose the application for a preliminary injunction, arguing instead "that challenge is premature several times over" and that Secretary Mattis's Interim Guidance, issued on September 14, 2017, protected currently [[Transgender personnel in the United States military|serving transgender personnel]] from involuntary discharge or denial of reenlistment.<ref name="documentcloudcv">{{cite web |url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4067310/Doe-v-Trump-Defendants-Motion-to-Dismiss.pdf |title=''Jane Doe, et. al. v. Donald J. Trump, et. al.''; Defendants' Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to Plaintiffs' Application for a Preliminary Injunction, Civil Action No. 17-cv-1597 (CKK) |date=4 October 2017 |publisher=Document Cloud |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> Judge [[Colleen Kollar-Kotelly]] granted the plaintiffs' preliminary injunction on October 30, 2017.<ref name=NYT-171030>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/us/military-transgender-ban.html |title=Judge Blocks Trump's Ban on Transgender troops in Military |author=Philipps, Dave |date=30 October 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> In the ruling, Judge Kollar-Kotelly noted the defendants' motion to dismiss the case was "perhaps compelling in the abstract, [but] wither[s] away under scrutiny". The ruling effectively reinstated the policies established prior to President Trump's tweets announcing the reinstatement of the ban, namely the retention and accession policies for transgender personnel effective on June 30, 2017.
[[Sarah McBride]] was a speaker at the [[Democratic National Convention, 2016|Democratic National Convention]] in July 2016, becoming the first openly transgender person to address a major party convention in American history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/hrcs-sarah-mcbride-to-become-first-openly-transgender-person-to-speak-at-a |title=HRC's Sarah McBride, Chad Griffin to Speak at DNC |work=Human Rights Campaign |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727102452/http://www.hrc.org/blog/hrcs-sarah-mcbride-to-become-first-openly-transgender-person-to-speak-at-a |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/davidbadash/at_this_week_s_dnc_sarah_mcbride_will_become_first_openly_transgender_speaker_to_address_major_party |title=At This Week's DNC Sarah McBride Will Become First Openly-Transgender Speaker to Address Major Party |publisher=The New Civil Rights Movement |date= July 24, 2016|access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
In 2016 [[Lambda Literary Foundation]] established an annual scholarship in honor of trans woman Bryn Kelly, a Lambda Literary Fellow who committed suicide in January 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.advocate.com/transgender/2016/1/18/literary-community-mourns-trans-writer-bryn-kelly|title=Literary Community Mourns Trans Writer Bryn Kelly|date=January 18, 2016|access-date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> She was the first
On January 30, 2017, the [[Boy Scouts of America]] announced that transgender boys would be allowed to enroll in boys-only programs, effective immediately. Previously, the sex listed on an applicant's birth certificate determined eligibility for these programs; going forward, the decision would be based on the gender listed on the application.<ref name="guardian-30jan2017">{{cite news|title=Boy Scouts of America allows transgender children who identify as boys to enroll|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jan/31/boy-scouts-of-america-transgender-children-identify-boys-enrol|access-date=January 30, 2017|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Guardian|date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> In February 2017, Joe Maldonado became the first openly transgender member of the Boy Scouts of America;<ref name="mercurynews1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/02/08/boy-scouts-welcome-first-transgender-member/ |title=Boy Scouts get first transgender member |work=San Jose Mercury News |date= February 8, 2017|access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> the Boy Scouts' policy on transgender boys had been changed after Joe's rejection from them in 2016 for being transgender became nationally known.<ref name="mercurynews1"/>
Also in 2017, the [[Trump administration]], through the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]], reversed the Obama-era policy which used [[Title VII of the Civil Rights Act]] to protect transgender employees from discrimination.<ref name="cbsnews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sessions-doj-reverses-obama-era-transgender-work-protections/|title=Sessions' DOJ reverses transgender workplace protections|date=October 5, 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> The Supreme Court ruled in June 2020 that [[Title VII of the Civil Rights Act|Title VII]] includes protections for gay and transgender employees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bostock v. Clayton County|date=2020-06-15|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf}}</ref>
In 2017, [[Trystan Reese]] case, another story of a transgender man who gave birth to a child, attracted media attention.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Archives |first1=L. A. Times |title=Dow Jones and NBC to Merge Foreign Business TV Units |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-10-fi-62457-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=30 May 2024 |date=10 December 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=He Became Known as the 'Pregnant Man.' Now Trystan Reese Tells His Story About Trans Pregnancy. |url=https://pridesource.com/article/he-became-known-as-the-pregnant-man-now-trystan-reese-tells-his-story-about-trans-pregnancy |website=Pride Source |access-date=30 May 2024 |language=en |date=7 September 2021}}</ref> In 2021, he published a book about it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reese |first1=Trystan |title=How We Do Family: From Adoption to Trans Pregnancy, What We Learned about Love and LGBTQ Parenthood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SI_4DwAAQBAJ |publisher=The Experiment, LLC |access-date=30 May 2024 |language=en |date=29 June 2021}}</ref>
Also in 2017, ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'' named "Transgender Americans" as its "Person of the Year", and listed [[Danica Roem]] (a transgender woman) as a finalist.<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://www.advocate.com/people/2017/12/22/person-year-transgender-americans |title=Person of the Year: Transgender Americans |publisher=Advocate.com |date=July 20, 2017 |access-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref>
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''[[Bostock v. Clayton County]]'', {{ussc|590|___|2020|el=no}}, <!--the case is decided, it is past tense-->was a [[List of landmark court decisions in the United States|landmark]] Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled (on June 15, 2020) that Title VII of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] protects employees against discrimination because of their [[gender identity]] (or sexual orientation).<ref name="auto2">''Bostock v. Clayton County'', {{ussc|volume=590|year=2020|docket=17-1618}}.</ref><ref name="opinion">[https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf Supreme Court Ruling 2020-06-15] (pages 1–33 in the linked document)</ref> A plaintiff in the case was [[Aimee Stephens]], an openly transgender woman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/06/supreme-court-transgender-women-aimee-stephens-victory.html|title=The Supreme Court Victory for Transgender Women Is a Win for All Women|date=June 15, 2020|website=Slate}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/06/gay-transgender-rights-indivisible-supreme-court.html|title=Gay Rights and Trans Rights Are Indivisible. SCOTUS Just Showed Why.|first=Alexander|last=Chen|date=June 18, 2020|website=Slate}}</ref>
In July 2023, at the 132nd DAR Continental Congress presided over by President General [[Pamela Rouse Wright]], the [[Daughters of the American Revolution|National Society Daughters of the American Revolution]] voted to add an amendment to their bylaws protecting transgender women from discrimination on the basis of biological sex in their membership application processes.<ref>{{cite news |last= Zurick|first= Maura|date= July 26, 2023|title= Daughters of the American Revolution Members Quit Over Transgender Fears |url= https://www.newsweek.com/daughters-american-revolution-must-accept-transgender-members-1815641|work= [[Newsweek]]|location= [[Washington, D.C.]]|access-date= August 22, 2023}}</ref> Colonel [[Teagan Livingston]], a transgender woman and retired U.S. Air Force officer, had previously joined the Daughters of the American Revolution in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/historic-us-womens-group-daughters-american-revolution-trans-row-dd0gfr2p2|title= Historic US women’s group provokes anger by allowing trans members|last= McDonald-Gibson|first= Charlotte|date= March 14, 2024|website= [[The Times]]|publisher= |access-date= October 20, 2024}}</ref>
In September 2023, the [[California State Assembly]] voted to recognize August as Transgender History Month, beginning in 2024. California is the first U.S. state to make such a declaration.<ref name="ln-7sep2023">{{cite news |last1=Russell |first1=John |title=California just became the first U.S. state to establish Transgender History Month |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/california-just-became-the-first-u-s-state-to-establish-transgender-history-month/ |access-date=September 7, 2023 |work=[[LGBTQ Nation]] |date=September 7, 2023}}</ref>
Some sociologists have estimated that the amount of individuals that identify as transgender in the United States has almost reached twenty million.<ref name="D 2016 p. 8">{{cite book | last=D | first=D.J.B.P. | title=Being Transgender: What You Should Know | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4408-4525-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMJHDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 | access-date=2023-06-24 | page=8}}</ref><ref name="J 2020 p. 187">{{cite book | last=J | first=M.L. | title=The Plasticity of Sex: The Molecular Biology and Clinical Features of Genomic Sex, Gender Identity and Sexual Behavior | publisher=Elsevier Science | year=2020 | isbn=978-0-12-815969-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWW8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA187 | access-date=2023-06-24 | page=187}}</ref>
In January 2024, Lieutenant Colonel [[Bree Fram]] was promoted to the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] in the [[United States Space Force]], becoming the first transgender woman colonel and the highest-ranking transgender military officer in the United States.<ref>https://www.out.com/out100/2024/groundbreakers/bree-fram</ref>
==Recent history by topic (1970s–present)==
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{{Main|Transgender legal history in the United States}}
The Trans Rights Indicator Project (TRIP) provides country-year data on legal rights protections relevant to transgender minorities
<ref>Trans Legislation Tracker. 2023. “The Rise of Anti-Trans Bills.” (https://translegislation.com/learn).</ref> Legal issues regarding transgender persons in the United States began in 1966 with ''Mtr. of Anonymous v. Weiner'', concerning a person who wanted their birth certificate name and sex updated following gender-affirming surgery. Changes to passports, licenses, birth certificates, and other official documents remained a theme from the 60s through 2010, when the State Department allowed gender on U.S. passports to be altered.<ref>{{cite web |title=8 FAM 403.3 Gender Change |publisher=United States Department of State |date=June 27, 2018 |url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM040303.html |access-date=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
Other major themes in transgender-related legislation or regulatory action included provisions to protect against discrimination in housing, employment, health care, public restroom usage, the military, insurance coverage, and other areas of public life. On January 25, 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden issued an executive order which revoked the transgender military ban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/|title=Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform|date=January 25, 2021|website=The White House|access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref>
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Also in 2014, [[Facebook]] introduced dozens of options for users to specify their gender, including a custom gender option, as well as allowing users to select between three pronouns: "him", "her" or "their".<ref name="Facebook">{{cite web | url= https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2014/02/heres-a-list-of-58-gender-options-for-facebook-users/| title= Here's a List of 58 Gender Options for Facebook Users| date= February 13, 2014 | publisher= abc NEWS| first= Russell| last= Goldman| access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> Later that year Facebook added a gender-neutral option for users to use when identifying family members, for example Parent (gender neutral) and Child (gender neutral).<ref name="Facebook2">{{cite web | url= http://www.sociobits.org/2014/04/neutral-gender-identity-family-members/| title= Facebook Expands Neutral Gender Identity To Family Options| date= April 2, 2014| publisher= sociobits.org| first= Sreedev| last= Sharma| access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref>
Also in 2014, [[Google Plus]] introduced a new gender category called "Custom", which generates a freeform text field and a pronoun field, and also provides users with an option to limit who can see their gender.<ref>{{cite web|url=
=== Marriage and parenting ===
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*[[The Lady Chablis]] (March 11, 1957 – September 8, 2016) was an actress, and writer.
*[[Lynn Conway]], a computer scientist noted for the [[Mead and Conway revolution]] in [[VLSI]] design and the invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling, came out as transgender in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs.html |title=IBM ACS-1 Supercomputer - Mark Smotherman |publisher=Cs.clemson.edu |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref><ref name=HP01>[http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/Media/HP/HP.html "Embracing Diversity – HP employees in Fort Collins, Colorado, welcome Dr. Lynn Conway"], hpNOW, February 8, 2001.</ref><ref name=comsocpioneeraward>[http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/conway "Lynn Conway: 2009 Computer Pioneer Award Recipient"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103172210/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/conway |date=January 3, 2015 }}, IEEE Computer Society, January 20, 2010.</ref><ref name=comsocpioneers>[http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/2010/pioneer "Computer Society Names Computer Pioneers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006001318/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/2010/pioneer |date=October 6, 2014 }}, IEEE Computer Society, January 20, 2010.</ref><ref name=comsocpioneersawardvideo>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Txvjia3p0 "IEEE Computer Society Video: Lynn Conway receives 2009 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award"], YouTube, July 30, 2010.</ref><ref name=superproj60a>[http://computerhistorymuseum.createsend5.com/T/ViewEmail/r/5905148A596C2B2D/76449239DC84823AC5EC08CADFFC107B "Event: IBM ACS System: A Pioneering Supercomputer Project of the 1960s"], Computer History Museum, February 18, 2010.</ref><ref name=superproj60b>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100223030825/http://www.computerhistory.org/events/index.php?id=1264112339 "Computer History Museum Events: IBM ACS System: A Pioneering Supercomputer Project of the 1960s"], Computer History Museum, February 18, 2010.</ref><ref name=IBMsmotherman>[http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2010/12/102128-ibms-single-processor-supercomputer-efforts/fulltext "Historical Reflections: IBM's Single-Processor Supercomputer Efforts - Insights on the pioneering IBM Stretch and ACS projects" by M. Smotherman and D. Spicer], ''Communications of the ACM'', Vol. 53, No. 12, December 2010, pp. 28–30.</ref><ref name="bare_url">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/64332921.html?dids=64332921:64332921&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+19%2C+2000&author=MICHAEL+A.+HILTZIK&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=1&desc=COVER+STORY%3B+Through+the+Gender+Labyrinth%3B+How+a+bright+boy+with+a+penchant+for+tinkering+grew+up+to+be+one+of+the+top+women+in+her+high-+tech+field |title=COVER STORY; Through the Gender Labyrinth; How a bright boy with a penchant for tinkering grew up to be one of the top women in her high- tech field |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=November 19, 2000 |access-date=May 15, 2012 |first=Michael A. |last=Hiltzik |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015144026/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/64332921.html?dids=64332921:64332921&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+19,+2000&author=MICHAEL+A.+HILTZIK&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=1&desc=COVER+STORY%3B+Through+the+Gender+Labyrinth%3B+How+a+bright+boy+with+a+penchant+for+tinkering+grew+up+to+be+one+of+the+top+women+in+her+high-+tech+field |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her transition was more widely reported in 2000 in profiles in ''Scientific American'' and the ''Los Angeles Times'', and she founded a well-known website providing emotional and medical resources and advice to transgender people.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=D1E5F66F-2A45-4BF9-BE9E-001B49F7F67 |title=Profile: Lynn Conway-Completing the Circuit |publisher=Sciamdigital.com |access-date=May 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233454/http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=D1E5F66F-2A45-4BF9-BE9E-001B49F7F67 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Parts of the website have been translated into most of the world's major languages.<ref name="translation">{{cite web|url=http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/conway-Translation%20status.htm |title=Status of translations of Lynn's webpages, 6-28-10 |publisher=Ai.eecs.umich.edu |access-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Laverne Cox]] is an American actress, reality star, and transgender activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavernecox.com/press-0|title=Laverne Cox Press Page|publisher=LaverneCox.com|access-date=April 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415022550/http://lavernecox.com/press-0|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/13/theater/13actout.html|title=Helping Gay Actors Find Themselves Onstage|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Erik|last=Piepenburg|date=December 12, 2010|access-date=April 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/blog/nycrob/gay-man-transgender-woman-want-to-work-diddy|title=Meet the Gay Man and Transgender Woman Who Want to Work for Diddy|publisher=AfterElton|access-date=April 12, 2012}}</ref> Cox has a recurring role in the Netflix series ''[[Orange Is the New Black]]'' as Sophia Burset, a transgender woman who went to prison for credit-card fraud, and is the hairdresser for many of the inmates. Cox is best known for her role on ''Orange Is the New Black'', for being a contestant on the first season of VH1's [[I Want to Work for Diddy|''I Want to Work for Didd''y]] and for producing and co-hosting the [[VH1]] makeover television series ''[[TRANSform Me]]'' (which made her the first African-American transgender person to produce and star in her own TV show).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/shows/transform_me/cast.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323033952/http://www.vh1.com/shows/transform_me/cast.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 23, 2010|title=TRANSform Me|publisher=VH1|access-date=April 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/laverne-cox|title=Laverne Cox Bio|work=HuffPost|access-date=April 12, 2012}}</ref> Cox was on the cover of the June 9, 2014 issue of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', and was interviewed for the article "The Transgender Tipping Point" by Katy Steinmetz, which ran in that issue and the title of which was also featured on the cover; this makes Cox the first openly transgender person on the cover of ''Time''.<ref name=Levenson/><ref name="Katy Steinmetz"/><ref name="Myles Tanzer"/> Later in 2014 Cox became the first openly transgender person to be nominated for an [[Primetime Emmy Award|Emmy]] in an acting category, Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Sophia Burset in ''Orange Is the New Black'',<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated4 /><ref name=autogenerated2 /> though she did not win.<ref name=autogenerated6 />
*[[Asia Kate Dillon]] is a [[non-binary]] actor. They are notable for the role of Taylor Mason in ''[[Billions (TV series)|Billions]]'', reported to be the first non-binary character on mainstream North American television.<ref name="hollywoodrep">{{cite web|last1=Dowling|first1=Amber|title=Meet TV's First Non-Binary-Gender Character: Asia Kate Dillon of Showtime's 'Billions'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/meet-tvs-first-binary-gender-character-asia-kate-dillon-showtimes-billions-979523|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=February 24, 2017|access-date=August 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name="skynewsfirstnb">{{cite web|last1=Garrido|first1=Duarte|title=Billions shows TV's first gender non-binary character|url=https://news.sky.com/story/billions-shows-tvs-first-gender-non-binary-character-10775424|publisher=[[Sky News]]|date=February 20, 2017|access-date=August 24, 2017}}</ref>
*On October 25, 2017, it was announced that [[transgender]] actors [[MJ Rodriguez]], [[Indya Moore]], [[Dominique Jackson (model)|Dominique Jackson]], [[Hailie Sahar]], and [[Angelica Ross]] and [[cisgender]] actors [[Ryan Jamaal Swain]], [[Billy Porter (entertainer)|Billy Porter]] and [[Dyllón Burnside]] had been cast in main roles for the [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] drama series ''[[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]''. The series' became the largest transgender cast ever assembled for main parts on a recurring scripted series.<ref name="CastStaff">{{cite web |first1=Lesley |last1=Goldberg |title=Ryan Murphy Makes History With Largest Cast of Transgender Actors for FX's ''Pose'' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/ryan-murphy-makes-history-largest-cast-transgender-actors-fxs-pose-1051877 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=October 25, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 }}</ref>
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*[[Poppy Z. Brite|Billy Martin]], known professionally as Poppy Z. Brite, is an American author. He initially achieved fame in the gothic horror genre of literature in the early 1990s after publishing a string of successful novels and short story collections. Martin's recent work has moved into the related genre of dark comedy, with many works set in the New Orleans restaurant world. Martin's novels are typically standalone books but may feature recurring characters from previous novels and short stories.
*[[Janet Mock]] is a columnist, author, editor, and trans activist. Her story was first highlighted in a 2011 ''[[Marie Claire]]'' article about her and her life.
*[[Jennifer Pritzker]] came out as transgender in 2013 and thus became the world's first openly transgender billionaire.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/briansolomon/2013/09/16/jennifer-pritzker-becomes-first-transgender-billionaire/ |title=Jennifer Pritzker Becomes First Transgender Billionaire |magazine=Forbes |access-date=December 3, 2013 |first=Brian |last=Solomon}}</ref>
*[[Angelica Ross]], cast member of the first two seasons of ''Pose'', featured on the [[AHS: 1984|eighth season]] of ''[[American Horror Story]]'', becoming the first transgender thespian to be cast a series lead / main cast member on two different scripted television shows.<ref name="deadline-10jul2019">{{cite news |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title='Pose' Star Angelica Ross Joins 'American Horror Story: 1984' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/pose-star-angelica-ross-cast-american-horror-story-1984-ryan-murphy-1202644541/ |access-date=September 16, 2019 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=July 10, 2019}}</ref>
*[[Julia Serano]] is a trans activist, speaker, and author of three books on transgender issues, including ''[[Whipping Girl]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/Transsexual-finds-sexism-in-feminism-2586109.php |title=Transsexual finds sexism in feminism |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=2012-09-17 |first=Julie |last=Foster |date=2007-06-17}}</ref> a [[transfeminism|transfeminist]] investigation of [[transmisogyny]], a term that Serano coined for the book.<ref>{{cite web |last=Serano |first=Julia |title=Trans-misogyny primer |url=http://www.juliaserano.com/av/TransmisogynyPrimer-Serano.pdf |access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Amanda Simpson]], former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy. First openly transgender woman U.S. Presidential appointee. She contributed to the development and/or testing of numerous operation missile systems including [[AGM-65 Maverick|Maverick]], [[AMRAAM]], [[RIM-156 Standard|Standard]], [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx]], [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW]], [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile|RAM]], [[JAGM]], [[AGM-129 ACM|ACM]], [[AGM-88 HARM|HARM]], [[JSOW]], [[ADM-160 MALD|MALD]], [[ESSM]], [[Miniature UAV#"Wing-store UAV" and Raytheon "SilentEyes"|SilentEyes]], [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|Sidewinder]], [[AIM-7 Sparrow|Sparrow]], [[Paveway]] and [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]].
*[[Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore]] is an activist and author. She organized with [[ACT UP]] and [[Fed Up Queers]] and writes about queer assimilation and gentrification.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://therumpus.net/2013/06/the-sunday-rumpus-interview-mattilda-bernstein-sycamore/|title=The Sunday Rumpus Interview: Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore|date=2013-06-30|newspaper=The Rumpus.net|access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref>
*[[Max Wolf Valerio]] is a Native American poet, memoir writer, essayist and actor. His 2006 memoir ''The Testosterone Files'' describes his experience as a trans man.
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* [[Transgender inequality#Transgender people's legal rights in the United States|Transgender people's legal rights in the United States]]
* [[Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]]
* [[Transgender personnel in the United States military]]
* [[Transphobia in the United States]]
* [[LGBT people in prison]]
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[[Category:Transgender history in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Transgender topics in the United States| ]]
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