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{{Other uses of|Tron}}▼
{{short description|Blockchain computing platform}}
▲{{Other uses of|Tron}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox distributed computing project
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'''Tron''' (stylized as '''TRON''') is a [[
== History ==
In June 2018, TRON switched its protocol from an [[ERC-20]] token on top of [[Ethereum]] to an independent [[peer-to-peer]] network.{{
▲TRON was founded by [[Justin Sun]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohamed |first1=Theron |title=Justin Sun postponed a $4.6 million lunch with Warren Buffett, plowed $10 million into GameStop stock, and lost out on a $69 million NFT. Here's a look at the crypto whiz kid. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/justin-sun-tron-bittorent-crypto-ceo-postponed-warren-buffett-lunch-2019-7 |website=Business Insider |publisher=Insider |access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> The TRON Foundation was established in July 2017 in [[Singapore]]. The TRON Foundation raised $70 million in 2017 through an [[initial coin offering]] shortly before China outlawed the digital tokens.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Amanda |date=31 July 2018 |title=This coin issuer is all cashed up amid China's ban, but is it all hype? |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/money/wealth/article/2157587/tron-cashed-us70-m-coin-sale-chinas-ico-ban-where-it-going |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801135652/https://www.scmp.com/business/money/wealth/article/2157587/tron-cashed-us70-m-coin-sale-chinas-ico-ban-where-it-going |archive-date=1 August 2018 |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> The [[testnet]], Blockchain Explorer, and Web Wallet were all launched by March 2018. TRON Mainnet launched shortly afterward in May 2018, marking the Odyssey 2.0 release as a technical milestone for TRON.
▲In June 2018, TRON switched its protocol from an [[ERC-20]] token on top of [[Ethereum]] to an independent [[peer-to-peer]] network.{{cn|date=September 2023}} On 25 July 2018, the TRON Foundation announced it had finished the acquisition of [[BitTorrent (company)|BitTorrent]], a peer-to-peer [[file sharing]] service.<ref>{{cite web |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=24 July 2017 |title=Blockchain startup Tron closes BitTorrent acquisition |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2018/07/24/blockchain-startup-tron-closes-bittorrent-acquisition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820154244/http://social.techcrunch.com/2018/07/24/blockchain-startup-tron-closes-bittorrent-acquisition/ |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=20 August 2019 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Upon this acquisition, in August 2018, BitTorrent Founder [[Bram Cohen]] also disclosed that he was leaving the company to found a separate cryptocurrency, [[Chia.Network|Chia]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Beedham |first=Matthew |date=20 August 2018 |title=BitTorrent inventor walks away after TRON acquisition |url=https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2018/08/20/bittorrent-tron-trx-cryptocurrency/ |access-date=20 August 2019 |website=The Next Web |series=Hard Fork |language=en-US |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820135345/https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2018/08/20/bittorrent-tron-trx-cryptocurrency/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
By January 2019, TRON had a total market cap of about $1.6 bn.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Hottest Cryptocurrency, Tron, Rekindles Memories of the Bitcoin Bubble |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-17/hottest-cryptocurrency-rekindles-memories-of-bitcoin-bubble |access-date=1 September 2019 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=17 January 2019 |archive-date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208201651/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-17/hottest-cryptocurrency-rekindles-memories-of-bitcoin-bubble |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this market performance, some authors viewed TRON as a typical case of the complex and disordered nature of cryptocurrencies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stosic |first1=Darko |last2=Stosic |first2=Dusan |last3=Ludermir |first3=Teresa B. |last4=Stosic |first4=Tatijana |date=1 July 2019 |title=Exploring disorder and complexity in the cryptocurrency space |journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications |volume=525 |pages=548–556 |bibcode=2019PhyA..525..548S |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2019.03.091 |issn=0378-4371|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1806.11348v2 |class=q-fin.ST |first=Obryan |last=Poyser |title=Herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets |date=29 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In February 2019, after being acquired by TRON Foundation, BitTorrent started its own token sale based on the TRON network.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Bryan |date=3 January 2019 |title=BitTorrent just launched a TRON-based cryptocurrency token |url=https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/01/03/bittorrent-just-launched-a-tron-based-cryptocurrency-token/ |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=The Next Web |series=Hard Fork |language=en-US |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103225702/https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/01/03/bittorrent-just-launched-a-tron-based-cryptocurrency-token/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 January 2019 |title=BitTorrent unveils cryptocurrency so users can pay for faster download times |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/03/bittorrent-unveils-cryptocurrency-so-users-can-pay-for-faster-download-times/ |access-date=1 September 2019 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103212051/https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/03/bittorrent-unveils-cryptocurrency-so-users-can-pay-for-faster-download-times/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In late 2021, Justin Sun resigned as CEO of the TRON Foundation, which was subsequently reorganized as a [[Decentralized autonomous organization|DAO]].{{
In March 2023, Sun and Tron were sued by the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] for selling unregistered securities related to the sale and promotion of Tronix (TRX) and BitTorrent (BBT) tokens, alleging that Sun and Tron had engaged in [[wash trading]] in the secondary market for TRX in order to buoy its price.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SEC.gov {{!}} SEC Charges Crypto Entrepreneur Justin Sun and his Companies for Fraud and Other Securities Law Violations |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-59 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=www.sec.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wigglesworth |first=Robin |date=22 March 2023 |title=SEC goes after Justin Sun, Lindsay Lohan and Soulja Boy |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fd4696b6-53d9-4156-a874-4ddb9b172d57}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=2023-03-22 |title=SEC sues Justin Sun for his crypto schemes, along with Lindsay Lohan, Jake Paul, and Soulja Boy |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/22/23652268/justin-sun-tron-crypto-sec-lawsuit-securities-fraud-jake-paul |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Eight celebrities, including [[Akon]], [[Ne-Yo]], [[Austin Mahone]], [[Soulja Boy]], [[Lindsay Lohan]], [[Jake Paul]] and [[Lil Yachty]], were charged with promoting these cryptocurrencies without disclosing that they were sponsored, with all those other than Soulja Boy, and Mahone settling with the FTC for more than $400,000, without admitting or denying the charges.<ref name="lohancrypto">{{cite news |last=Mueller |first=Julia |date=March 22, 2023 |title=SEC charges Lindsay Lohan, Jake Paul with crypto violations |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/business/3913168-sec-charges-lindsay-lohan-jake-paul-with-crypto-violations/ |accessdate=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref name="lohansec">{{cite news |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Lindsay Lohan, Jake Paul, Lil Yachty Among Celebrities Charged In SEC Crypto Case |publisher=Deadline Hollywood |url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/crypto-charges-lindsay-lohan-jake-paul-lil-yachty-celebrities-1235307430/ |accessdate=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
In Febaruary 2024, [[Circle (company)|Circle]] announced it would stop supporting USDC token on the Tron network.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Stablecoin USDC Ditches Tron Network, Cites Risk Management |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-21/circle-stablecoin-usdc-ditches-tron-network-cites-risk-management |access-date=2024-03-21 |newspaper=Bloomberg|date=21 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=2024-02-21 |title=Crypto firm Circle to end support for USDC stablecoin on Tron blockchai |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/crypto-firm-circle-end-support-usdc-stablecoin-tron-blockchain-2024-02-21/}}</ref>
In September 2024, TRON, [[Tether (cryptocurrency)|Tether]], and TRM Labs announced the T3 Financial Crime Unit (T3 FCU), an initiative aimed at addressing illicit activities involving the use of USDT on the TRON blockchain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bambysheva |first=Nina |date=September 10, 2024 |title=Tether, Tron, and TRM Labs Join Forces to Combat Crypto Crime |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/09/10/tether-tron-and-trm-labs-join-forces-to-combat-crypto-crime/ |website=Forbes}}</ref>
== Architecture ==
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The TRON protocol, maintained primarily by the TRON Foundation, distributes computing resources equally among TRX holders with internal pricing mechanisms such as bandwidth and energy.<ref>Dimaz Ankaa Wijaya, Joseph Liu, Ron Steinfeld, Dongxi Liu, and Limerlina, 'Senarai: A Sustainable Public Blockchain-Based Permanent Storage Protocol', in ''Cryptology and Network Security 18th International Conference, CANS 2019, Fuzhou, China, 25–27 October 2019, Proceedings'', ed. by Yi Mu, Robert Deng, Xinyi Huang (Springer, 2019), pp. 235-46.</ref> TRON provides a decentralized virtual machine, which can execute a program using an international network of public nodes. The network has zero transaction fees and conducts approximately 2,000 transactions per second.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2020 |title=Virtual Machine Introduction |url=https://developers.tron.network/docs/vm-introduction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124011525/https://developers.tron.network/docs/vm-introduction |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=TRON Developer Hub |language=en}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=January 2024}}
The implementations of TRON require minimal transaction fees in order to prevent malicious users from performing DDoS attacks for free. In this respect, [[EOS.IO]] and TRON are quite similar, due to the negligible fees, high transactions per second, and high reliability, and as such are regarded as a new generation of blockchain systems.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valdeolmillos |first1=Diego |last2=Mezquita |first2=Yeray |last3=González-Briones |first3=Alfonso |last4=Prieto |first4=Javier |last5=Corchado |first5=Juan Manuel |title=Blockchain and Applications |chapter=Blockchain Technology: A Review of the Current Challenges of Cryptocurrency |date=2020 |editor-last=Prieto |editor-first=Javier |editor2-last=Das |editor2-first=Ashok Kumar |editor3-last=Ferretti |editor3-first=Stefano |editor4-last=Pinto |editor4-first=António |editor5-last=Corchado |editor5-first=Juan Manuel |series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |language=en |publisher=Springer International Publishing |volume=1010 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-23813-1_19 |isbn=978-3-030-23813-1|s2cid=195656299 }}</ref> Michael Borkowski, Marten Sigwart, Philipp Frauenthaler, Taneli Hukkinen and Stefan Schulte defined TRON as an [[Ethereum]] clone, with no fundamental differences.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borkowski |first1=Michael |last2=Sigwart |first2=Marten |last3=Frauenthaler |first3=Philipp |last4=Hukkinen |first4=Taneli |last5=Schulte |first5=Stefan |date=2019 |title=Dextt: Deterministic Cross-Blockchain Token Transfers |journal=IEEE Access |volume=7 |pages=111030–111042 |arxiv=1905.06204 |doi=10.1109/access.2019.2934707 |issn=2169-3536 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019IEEEA...7k1030B }}</ref> The transactions per second rate on Tron's blockchain was questioned because it was far below its theoretical claim.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Li |first1=Huawei |last2=Li |first2=Zhihuai |last3=Tian |first3=Na |title=Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery |chapter=Resource Bottleneck Analysis of the Blockchain Based on Tron's TPS |date=2020 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Yong |editor2-last=Wang |editor2-first=Lipo |editor3-last=Zhao |editor3-first=Liang |editor4-last=Yu |editor4-first=Zhengtao |series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |language=en |publisher=Springer International Publishing |volume=1075 |pages=944–950 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-32591-6_103 |isbn=978-3-030-32591-6|s2cid=209082724 }}</ref>
==
In January 2018, via a Tweet, [[Juan Benet (computer scientist)|Juan Benet]], the CEO at Protocol Labs, revealed that the white paper of TRON copied portions of the white papers from IPFSbot and MineFilecoin, without a single reference.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Mike |title=Is Tron Plagiarized? White Paper Controversy Hits Cryptocurrency |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal |access-date=24 August 2019 |website=Inverse |date=9 January 2018 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216100913/https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal |url-status=live}}</ref> Researchers from Digital Asset Research (DAR) discovered multiple instances of code copied from other projects in the Tron code base. It is also accused of violating the GNU [[Lesser General Public License]] v3.0 (LGPL) because the project does not mention that its client was derived from EthereumJ, a [[Java (programming language)|Java]] implementation of [[Ethereum]]. These accusations were denied by the TRON Foundation, the organization behind the design of the system.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Jonathan |date=1 February 2018 |title=The Multi-Billion Dollar Plagiarism Scandal |url=https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2018/02/01/the-multi-billion-dollar-plagiarism-scandal/ |access-date=1 September 2019 |website=Plagiarism Today |language=en-US |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901050821/https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2018/02/01/the-multi-billion-dollar-plagiarism-scandal/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2019, the cyber-security testing service [[HackerOne]] revealed<ref>{{cite web |title=Tron Foundation disclosed on HackerOne: DOS attack by consuming all... |url=https://hackerone.com/reports/479144 |access-date=31 August 2019 |website=HackerOne |language=en |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506230128/https://hackerone.com/reports/479144 |url-status=live}}</ref> that just one computer could have brought TRON's entire blockchain to a halt.<ref>{{cite web |last=Canellis |first=David |date=6 May 2019 |title=TRON suffered from a critical bug that could've crashed its entire blockchain |url=https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/05/06/tron-blockchain-dos-attack-vulnerability-hackerone-cryptocurrency-trx/ |access-date=31 August 2019 |website=The Next Web |series=Hard Fork |language=en-US |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506182234/https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/05/06/tron-blockchain-dos-attack-vulnerability-hackerone-cryptocurrency-trx/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The revelation showed that a barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a [[distributed denial-of-service]] (DDoS) attack.<ref>{{cite web |last=Osborne |first=Charlie |title=TRON critical security flaw could break the entire blockchain |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/ |access-date=31 August 2019 |website=ZDNet |language=en |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508154649/https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In November 2023, the TRON network was used by various terrorist organizations, including [[Hamas]], [[Hezbollah]], and [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Focus: New crypto front emerges in Israel's militant financing fight |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/new-crypto-front-emerges-israels-militant-financing-fight-2023-11-27/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Reuters |language=en }}</ref> The TRON DAO released a statement emphasizing their support for the [[United Nations|UN’s]] stance against malicious actors in the blockchain space
== References ==
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