Trunk (car): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Part of automobile}}
{{Redirect2|Boot (car)|Boot (vehicle)|the parking enforcement device|Wheel clamp|the flexible sleeve covering a moving part|Gaiter (vehicle)}}
{{redirect|Frunk}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2020}}
[[File:2010 Porsche Boxster Spyder (5217139071).jpg|thumb|The open trunk in the rear of a [[Porsche Boxster]]]]
[[File:1931 Ford Model A roadster rear.JPG|thumb|Early automobiles had provision for mounting an external [[Trunk (luggage)|trunk]] as on a 1931 [[Ford Model A (1927–1931)|Ford Model A]], in addition to the [[rumble seat]].]]
 
The '''trunk''' ([[North American English]]) or '''boot''' ([[British English|British]] and [[Australian English]]) of a [[car]] is the vehicle's main storage or cargo compartment, often a hatch at the rear of the vehicle. It can also be called a '''tailgate'''.
 
In [[Indian English]] the storage area is known as a '''dickey''' (also spelled '''dicky, dickie,''' or '''diggy'''), and in [[South-East Asia|Southeast Asia]] as a '''compartment'''.
 
==Designs==
[[File:1965 Rambler Classic 660 4-d blue-white VA-t.jpg|thumb|right|A trunk in the rear will often contain a [[spare tirewheel]] .]]
[[File:Volkswagen1955 TypeHudson 1Rambler (Auto2-door classiqueAACA St.Iowa Lazare2012 '10)e.jpg|thumb|right|FrontThe storagetrunk compartment onin a 1955 [[VolkswagenNash Rambler|Hudson BeetleRambler]] ]]
[[File:1955 Hudson Rambler 2-door AACA Iowa 2012 e.jpg|thumb|An open trunk lid on a 1955 [[Nash Rambler|Hudson Rambler]] ]]
 
The trunk or luggage compartment is most often at the rear of the vehicle. Early designs had an exterior rack on the rear of the vehicle to attach a [[Trunk (luggage)|luggage trunk]].<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dQd_X6UUkbEC&q=automobile+rear+luggage+chest&pg=PA79 |page=79 |title=The Portland Company, 1846–1982 |first=David H. |last=Fletcher |publisher=Arcadia Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=9780738511405 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> Later designs integrated the storage area into the vehicle's body, and eventually became more streamlined.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3vZYAAAAYAAJ&q=automobile+rear+luggage+compartment&pg=PA7 |page=7 |title=Peerless (automobile advertisement) |journal=Automobile Journal |year=1919 |volume=66 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L3ooSQxwGwUC&q=automobile+rear+luggage+compartment&pg=PA61 |page=61 |title=Haynes-Apperson and America's first practical automobile: a history |first=W. C. |last=Madden |publisher=McFarland |year=2003 |isbn=9780786413973 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> The main storage compartment is normally provided at the end of the vehicle opposite to which the engine is located.
 
[[File:Volkswagen Type 1 (Auto classique St. Lazare '10).jpg|thumb|right|Front storage compartment in a [[Volkswagen Beetle]] ]]
Some [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] or [[Electric car|electric]] cars have luggage compartments both in the front and in the rear.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcNH5XwNHIC&q=mid+engine+rear+drive+vehicle+luggage+compartments+both+in+the+front+and+in+the+rear&pg=PA35 |pages=34–35 |title=Complete Automotive Estimating |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Scharff |publisher=Delmar Publishers |year=1990 |isbn=9780827335851 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> Examples include the [[Porsche 914]] and [[Porsche Boxster|Boxster]] as well as [[Toyota MR2]]. The mid-engined [[Fiat X1/9]] also has two storage compartments, although the rear one is small, easily accessible, and practically cuboid in shape.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LdQDAAAAMBAJ&q=Fiat+X1/9+luggage+compartment&pg=PA28-IA4 |pages=26B, 26D, and 26F |title=The X1/9: Fiat has a deal you can't refuse |first=Bill |last=Hartford |journal=Popular Mechanics |date=September 1973 |volume=140 |issue=3 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Some vehicles have the trunk in front of the passenger compartment, e.g. [[RR layout|Rearrear-engined]] cars like [[Volkswagen Beetle]] orand [[Porsche 911]], haveor theelectric trunkvehicles inlike front[[Ford ofF-150 the passenger compartmentLightning]].<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1d8DAAAAMBAJ&q=rear+engine+luggage+compartment+in+front&pg=PA136 |pages=136–138 |title=Unveiling the Tucker |journal=Popular Mechanics |date=September 1947 |volume=88 |issue=3 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XdZSKLcwyHEC&q=rear+engine+luggage+compartment+in+front&pg=PA15 |page=15 |title=Standard Catalog of Volkswagen, 1946–2005 |first=John |last=Gunnell |publisher=Krause |year=2005 |isbn=9780873497619 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> TheThis [[Volkswagenis Typeknown 3]]as featureda '''frunk''', a rearportmanteau engineof designthe thatwords allowed"front" forand a"trunk".<ref>{{Cite shallowweb conventional|title=Put trunkIt in the rear'Frunk' as|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/frunk-front-trunk-car-words-were-watching well|access-date=2022-07-28 as|website=www.merriam-webster.com space|language=en}}</ref> inThe thealternative term '''froot''' (a combination of "front" forand luggage"boot") is also occasionally used.<ref>{{citeCite bookweb |last1last=HayesEckert |first1first=RussellNora |date=2022-05-06 |title=VolkswagenAuto BeetlesMakers andTout Busesthe ‘Frunk: SmallerA andTrunk Smarterin |date=2020Front. |publisher=QuartoBut |isbn=9780760367667Does |pages=68–69the Word Sound Like Swearing?|url= https://bookswww.googlewsj.com/books?id=ohwSEAAAQBAJ&dq=Volkswagen+Type+3+This+enabled+a+shallow+conventional+rear+articles/meet-the-frunk-ev-makers-put-the-trunk+as+well+as+the+usual+-up-front+luggage+space&pg=PA68-11651844858 |access-date=252023-07-30 January|website=[[The Wall Street 2022Journal]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
SomeThere [[Mid-engineare design|mid-engined]]also orvehicles with both front and rear trunks, either with low profile rear drivetrains, e.g. [[ElectricVolkswagen car|electricType 3]]<ref>{{cite carsbook have|last1=Hayes luggage|first1=Russell compartments|title=Volkswagen bothBeetles inand theBuses: frontSmaller and inSmarter the|date=2020 rear|publisher=Quarto |isbn=9780760367667 |pages=68–69 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ohwSEAAAQBAJ&dq=Volkswagen+Type+3+This+enabled+a+shallow+conventional+rear+trunk+as+well+as+the+usual+front+luggage+space&pg=PA68 |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> or [[Tesla Model S]], or with a [[Mid-engine design|mid-engine]],<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcNH5XwNHIC&q=mid+engine+rear+drive+vehicle+luggage+compartments+both+in+the+front+and+in+the+rear&pg=PA35 |pages=34–35 |title=Complete Automotive Estimating |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Scharff |publisher=Delmar Publishers |year=1990 |isbn=9780827335851 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> Examples include thee.g. [[Porsche 914]] and [[Porsche Boxster|Boxster]] as well as, [[Toyota MR2]]. The mid-enginedand [[Fiat X1/9]] also has two storage compartments, although the rear one is small, easily accessible, and practically cuboid in shape.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LdQDAAAAMBAJ&q=Fiat+X1/9+luggage+compartment&pg=PA28-IA4 |pages=26B, 26D, and 26F |title=The X1/9: Fiat has a deal you can't refuse |first=Bill |last=Hartford |journal=Popular Mechanics |date=September 1973 |volume=140 |issue=3 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>[[File:Tesla Model S SAO 2016 9502.jpg|alt=The 'frunk' of a Tesla Model S|thumb|The 'frunk' of a [[Tesla Model S]]]]
 
Sometimes during the design life of the vehicle, the lid may be restyled to increase the size or improve the practicality and usefulness of the trunk's shape. Examples of this include the Beetle redesign to the 1970s 'Super Beetle' and the pre-war and 1950s post war [[Citroën Traction Avant]].
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General Motors developed a clam shell style "disappearing" design where the rear window rolls up into the roof and the tailgate slides down and beneath the load floor.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Binder |editor-first=Alan K. |title=General Motors in the 20th century |date=2000 |publisher=Ward's Communications |isbn=9780910589529 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsXhAAAAMAAJ&q=Station+wagon+introduces+retractable+%22clam+shell%22+tailgate+that+slides+beneath+the+load+floor |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>
 
If the door is hinged at the top it is termed a ''hatch'', and isa usedcar onwith a rear hatch a ''[[hatchback]]''.<ref name="PS-05-1975"/><ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SNgDAAAAMBAJ&q=station+wagon+top+hinged+tailgate&pg=PA126 |page=128 |title=Front wheel drive to the fore! |first=Bill |last=Hartford |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=136 |issue=5 |date=November 1971 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> A bottom -opening door is now common on [[sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s.
 
===Lid===
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{{More citations needed|date=July 2014}}
 
===ActiveAvoiding safetyaccidents by luggage retention===
The trunk space and its content can contribute to the [[ActiveAutomotive safety|active]] and [[passive safety]] of the vehicle. Active safety may be promoted inIn vehicles that are partially loaded. Here, the use of lashing eyes to restrain luggage can prevent or reduce damage to the vehicle and its occupants in severe maneuvers. In driving while cornering 'in-extremis', the prevention of sudden weight transfer due to poorly loaded luggage can be enough to prevent the vehicle from losing grip, and potentially avoiding thereby an accident; '''active safety'''.
 
===Passive safetySafety by luggage retention during a crash===
If a crash should occur, lashing eyes can reduce the severity of the outcome of the accident by keeping the luggage in the loadspace compartment and thereby preventing projectiles from harming correctly restrained passengers in the passenger compartment.
These lashing features may be in the form of fixed or foldable loops, or in the case of certain European vehicles combine sliding loops in a rail system to allow optimal positioning of the lashing eyes. At the same time, this eases the integration of accessories for loadspace management; dividers, bike carriers, etc. into the interior of the vehicle, a principle that has been applied in cargo [[van]]s and [[air transport]] for many years.
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{{anchor|Trunking}}
 
===Riding in the trunk===
Riding in the trunk is dangerous and illegal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=21712 |title=Vehicle Ccode -VEH Division 11. Rules of the Road [21000 - 23336] |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov |date=5 September 2007 |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Teenagers in the U.S. may attempt to avoid laws which prohibit new car drivers from driving with passengers by riding in the trunk.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.roadrules.ca/content/teenage-trunking-trend |title=Teenage Trunking Trend – Road Rules |first=Cedric |last=Hughes |website=roadrules.ca |date=5 September 2007 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>
 
== Frunk ==
[[File:Tesla Model S SAO 2016 9502.jpg|alt=The 'frunk' of a Tesla Model S|thumb|The 'frunk' of a [[Tesla Model S]]]]
A '''frunk''' is a storage area typically found in the front of [[Electric vehicle|electric]] and [[Hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] vehicles, where the lack of a traditional engine allows for additional storage space. The term is a portmanteau of the words "front" and "trunk".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Put It in the 'Frunk' |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/frunk-front-trunk-car-words-were-watching |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> The alternative term '''froot''' (a combination of "front" and "boot") is also occasionally used for this feature.
 
== Additional functions ==
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* [[Spare tire]]
* [[Jack (device)|Jack]] and [[lug wrench]]
* On-board [[tool]] kit for [[do it yourself|do-it-yourself]] repairs
* Electronics for [[sound]], [[video]], [[Globalsatellite Positioning System|GPSnavigation]], etc.
* [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] and [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] energy store (see [[plug-in hybrid]]s).
* [[S type fuse|Fuse boxes]]
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* [[Continental tire]]
* [[Hatchback]]
* [[List of auto parts]]
* [[Trunk (motorcycle)]]