|
== Benedictine Abbey ==
[[File:Zdjęcie1452kruzg.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|Benedictine Abbey [[cloister]]s]]
It is not known when exactly the abbey was founded. ProbablyKing itCasimir happenedthe in 1040Restorer, bymay Kinghave Casimirre-established the Restorer,Abbey in 1040 whoduring decidedhis torebuilding rebuildof the newly established Kingdom of Poland, after a [[Pagan reaction in Poland|Pagan rebellion]] and a disastrous Czech raid of Duke [[Bretislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Bretislaus I]] (1039).
Historically, the Monks at Tyniec were part of the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition within Christianity. These monks preceded the arrival of the Benedictines.
Historically, The theCyrillo-Methodian Monkstradition atbegan Tyniecin wereMoravia derivedand fromin the Cyrillo-Methodianyear tradition862. withinThe Christianity.brothers, Saints TheCyril Cyrillo-Methodianand traditionMethodius, beganwere the missionaries who established a vernacular linguistic tradition in Moraviathe throughpractice of Christianity amongst the brothersMoravian StSlavs. Cyril andThis Methodius andtradition quickly spread throughout the region and into the parts of what is today Poland. The monks usedat athe Proto-SlavicTyniec vernacularmonastery practiced the liturgical tongueMass inand theread exercisefrom translations of Christian religiousthe practicespsalms and translationsgospel derivedin fromthe thisProto-Slavic traditiotongue. ThisOld tongueChurch Slavonic is commonlyviewed knownby todaylinguists as Olda Churchreference Slavonicpoint to reviewing the proto-slavic tongue. In 1096, the Monks of Tyniec were expelled and the vernacular Slavonic liturgical Mass was suppressed.<ref>{{cite book|title=Comparative Slavic Studies: The Cyrillo Methodian Tradition|date=Jan 1, 1985|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110863895|pages=147–148|last1=Jakobson|first1=Roman}}</ref> These expulsions paralleled events in almost the same year throughout the region, most notably at the Sazava Monastery where the Slavonic riteRite Mass was also still in use at the same time as in Tyniec.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PP2&ots=Gy911ROzYc&dq=ap%20vlasto%20entry%20of%20the%20slavs&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=ap%20vlasto%20entry%20of%20the%20slavs&f=false|title=The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom|website=Google Play Books, p. 140|publisher=Cambridge University Press|last1=Vlasto|first1=A.P.|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref> There too, the Cyrillo-Methodian Sazawa monks were expelled and replaced with monks of the Latin rite.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PP0pAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA487&lpg=PA487&dq=Sazawa+monks+expulsion&source=bl&ots=huuTjVWgXh&sig=V5BbSv_e9Ot4-xkHLDtoH1VvYLk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9gMHAibLNAhVB4WMKHXJ1ArcQ6AEIITAB#v=onepage&q=Sazawa%20monks%20expulsion&f=false|title=History of the Christian Church, Volume 2|website=Google Play Books, p. 488|publisher=John Murray|last1=Robertson|first1=James Craigie|accessdate=June 18, 2016}}</ref>
The [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictines]], invited to Tyniec by King Casimir the KingRestorer, were tasked with restoring order as well as cementing the position of the State and the Church. First Tyniec Abbot was Aaron, who became the Bishop of Kraków. Since there is no conclusive evidence to support the foundation date as 1040, some historians claim that the current abbey was founded by Casimir the Restorer’ son, King [[Boleslaw II the Generous]].
In the second half of the 11th century, a complex of [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] buildings was completed, consisting of a basilica and the abbey. In the 14th century, it was destroyed in Tatar and Czech raids, and in the 15th century it was rebuilt in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style. Further remodelings took place in the 17th and 18th centuries, first in [[Baroque]], then in [[Rococo]] style. The abbey was partly destroyed in the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]], and soon afterwards was rebuilt, with a new library. Further destruction took place during the [[Bar Confederation]], when Polish rebels turned the abbey into their fortress.
|
