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'''Ukrainians''' ({{lang-uk|українці|ukraintsi}}, {{IPA|uk|ʊkrɐˈjinʲts⁽ʲ⁾i|pron}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ukrainians?show=0&t=1293151953|title=Ukrainian: definition|work=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226143926/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ukrainians?show=0&t=1293151953|url-status=live}}</ref> are an [[East Slavs|East Slavic]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Ukraine]]. Their native tongue is [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], and they mostly adhere to the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. By total population, the Ukrainians form the second-largest [[Slavs|Slavic]] ethnic group after the [[Russians]].<ref name="УКРАЇНЦІ"/>
Historically, under rule from various realms, the Ukrainians have been given various names by the rulers.<ref name="rulers">{{cite journal|last=Arel|first=Dominique|title=Language, Status, and State Loyalty in Ukraine|volume=35|number=1/4|year=2017–2018|pages=233–263|publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]]|journal=[[Harvard Ukrainian Studies]]|jstor=44983543}}</ref> Within the territories of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], the [[Habsburg monarchy]], the [[Austrian Empire]], and then [[Austria-Hungary]], the East Slavic population inhabiting the territories of modern-day Ukraine were known as [[Ruthenians]], referring to the territory of [[Ruthenia]]; the Ukrainians living under the [[Russian Empire]] were known as Little Russians, named after the territory of [[Little Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Moser|first=Michael A.|title=The Fate of the "Ruthenian or Little Russian" (Ukrainian) Language in Austrian Galicia (1772–1867)|volume=35|number=1/4|year=2017–2018|pages=87–104|publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]]|journal=[[Harvard Ukrainian Studies]]|jstor=44983536}}</ref>
The ethnonym Ukrainian, a term associated with the [[Cossack Hetmanate]], was adopted following the [[Ukrainian national revival]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=J. Boeck|first=Brian|title=What's in a Name? Semantic Separation and the Rise of the Ukrainian National Name|volume=27|number=1/4|year=2004–2005|pages=33–65|publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]]|journal=[[Harvard Ukrainian Studies]]|jstor=41036861}}</ref> Their affinity with the [[Cossacks#Ukrainian Cossacks|Cossacks]] is frequently emphasized, for example in the [[National anthem of Ukraine|Ukrainian national anthem]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sysyn|first=Frank|title=The Reemergence of the Ukrainian Nation and Cossack Mythology|volume=58|number=4|year=1991|journal=[[Social Research (journal)|Social Research]]|pages=845–864|publisher=[[The Johns Hopkins University Press]]|jstor=40970677}}</ref> [[Citizen of Ukraine|Citizens of Ukraine]] are also called Ukrainians regardless of their ethnic origin,<ref name="multiethnic">{{cite journal |last=Kulyk |first=Volodymyr |date=21 October 2022 |title=Is Ukraine a Multiethnic Country? |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=81 |pages=299–323 |doi=10.1017/slr.2022.152 |number=2}}</ref> and Ukrainian nationals increasingly see themselves as a [[civic nation]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kappeler |first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Kappeler |title=Ungleiche Brüder: Russen und Ukrainer vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart |publisher=C.H.Beck oHG |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-406-80042-9 |place=München |page=260 |quote=..., dass sich die Ukrainer in postsowjetischer Zeit zunehmend als politische Nation, als Willensnation, die mehrere ethnische und sprachliche Gruppen umfasst, verstehen. |trans-quote=... in the post-Soviet era, Ukrainians increasingly see themselves as a political nation, a nation by will (''Willensnation'', [[civic nation]]) that includes several ethnic and linguistic groups.}}</ref>
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