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Ibn Hafsun was born around 850 in the mountains near [[Parauta]] in what is now Málaga. In his wild youth, he had a very violent temper and was involved in a number of disputes, even a homicide around the year 879. He joined a group of brigands and was captured by the [[vali (governor)|wali]] (governor) of Málaga, who merely imposed a fine since he had not been informed of the homicide. The governor subsequently lost his post. Ibn Hafsun fled the jurisdiction to Morocco<ref>{{cite book|last=Safran|first=Janina M.|authorlink=Janina M. Safran|title=The Second Umayyad Caliphate: The Articulation of Caliphal Legitimacy in Al-Andalus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2n-TErluCqQC&pg=PA114|year=2000|publisher=Harvard CMES|isbn=978-0-932885-24-1|page=114}}</ref> where he worked briefly as an apprentice tailor<ref>Chejne, Anwar G., ''Muslim Spain, Its History and Culture'', University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1974, p. 24</ref> or stonemason.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}
He soon returned to [[al-Andalus]], albeit as an outlaw, joined the bandits who were in rebellion against Córdoba's rule and soon rose to a leadership position.<ref>Some sources suggest that he received significant help from his uncle Mohadir. [http://www.andalucia.cc/adn/0198per.htm "Omar Ben Hafsun"]</ref> Originally he settled in the ruins of the old castle of [[Bobastro]] ({{lang-ar|بُبَشْتَر}} ''bubastar'').<ref>The exact site of Bobastro is debated by modern archaeologists although the claim has been made that it is Las Mesas de Villaverde, in the Sierra de la Pizarra mountain range near [[Ronda]] in the northern part of the province of Malaga (Ann Christys, ''Christians in al-Andalus'', p. 103).</ref> He rebuilt the castle, and fortified the nearby town of [[Ardales]]. He rallied disaffected [[Muwallad]]s and [[Mozarabs]] to the cause by playing off resentment at the unfair heavy taxation and the humiliating treatment they were receiving at the hands of [[Emirate of Córdoba|Abd ar-Rahman and his successors]].<ref>Ye'or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam and Littman, David (2002) ''Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide'' Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison, NJ, p. 63 {{ISBN|0-8386-3942-9}}</ref>{{bsn|date=December 2022}} He acquired castles and lands in a wide area not only in Malaga but also in portions of the Provinces of [[Province of Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Province of Granada|Granada]] (known then as "Elvira"), [[Province of Jaén (Spain)|Jaén]], and [[Province of Seville|Seville]].
By 883, he had become the leader of the rebels in the provinces to the south and the west of the [[Emirate of Córdoba]]. The year before, in 882, he is said to have fought the Emir in a battle in which his ally [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona]] was killed. About 885, to be more centrally located so that he could be quicker respond to external threats, Ibn Hafsun moved his headquarters to the town of Poley, which is now known as [[Aguilar de la Frontera]].
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