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{{Use American English|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| name = United States Naval Academy
| image = Logo of the United States Naval Academy.svg
|
| caption =
| motto = {{native name|la|Ex Scientia Tridens}}
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| superintendent = [[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[Yvette M. Davids]]
| head_label = Commandant of Midshipmen
| head =
| provost = Samara L. Firebaugh
| faculty = 510
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| colors = {{color box|#000048}} Navy Blue<br />{{color box|#B4A87E}} Gold
| sports_nickname = [[Navy Midshipmen|Midshipmen]]
| sporting_affiliations = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I]] – [[Patriot League]]|[[American Athletic Conference|AAC]] [[Collegiate Sprint Football League|CSFL]]|[[Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges|EARC]]|[[Eastern Intercollegiate Gymnastics League|EIGL]]|[[Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association|EIWA]]|[[Intercollegiate Rowing Association|IRA]]
| mascot = [[Bill the Goat]]}}
| logo
|
|
| embedded = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Womenatacademy.jpg|thumb|Women on induction day 1976]] -->
On 8 August 1975, Congress authorized women to attend service academies. The Class of 1980 was inducted with 81 female midshipmen. In 1980, the academy included "[[Hispanic]]/Latino" as a racial category for demographic purposes; four women identified themselves as Hispanic in the class of 1981, and these women become the first Hispanic
In
In 1982, Isherwood, Griffin, and Melville Halls were demolished.<ref name="usna.edu"/>
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In 2019 the USNA team represented the US in the King's Cup at the [[Henley Royal Regatta]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingscup.org/|title=The King's Cup|website=The King's Cup|access-date=6 September 2022|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905112126/https://www.kingscup.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> The race commemorated the centenary of the 1919 Royal Henley Peace Regatta, and included the original WWI allies Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, the UK and the US, joined in 2019 by Germany and the Netherlands. After exciting eliminations, the USNA mixed crew won the final race beating the strong German team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejSPmPAXxcM|title=Official YouTube video of the final race|website=[[YouTube]]|date=7 July 2019 |access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908034513/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejSPmPAXxcM&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2024, the USNA rescinded the invitation it had given Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a scholar of authoritarianism and fascist movements, to deliver the annual Bancroft Lecture in response to pressure from right-wing politicians. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hutzell |first=Rick |date=2024-10-22 |title=Project 2025 has a plan for the Naval Academy. You should worry. |url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/opinion/column/project-2025-naval-academy-ruth-ben-ghiat-heritage-foundation-UQM4A4CHTRH3FGHRO464YY7TJA/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Baltimore Banner |language=en}}</ref> Ben-Ghiat's planned lecture was strictly nonpartisan and historical in nature.<ref name=":1" />
==Training ships==
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* {{USS|Preble|1839}} 1850–1856. Placed [[in ordinary]], guns, mast, sails, rigging were removed.
* {{USS|Santee|1855}} 1862–1912
* {{USS|Constitution}} 1863-1863
* {{USS|Savannah|1842}} 1862–1870
* {{USS|Plymouth|1844}} 1855–1856 and 1859–1860
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* {{USS|Hartford|1858}} 1899–1912
* USS ''Chesapeake'' 1900–1906. Renamed {{USS|Severn|1898}} in 1905.
* {{USS|Reina Mercedes}} 1912–1957
|}
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First class midshipmen (nicknamed "firsties") have more freedoms and liberty in the brigade. While they must participate in mandatory sports and military activities and maintain academic standards, they are also charged with the leadership of the brigade. Firsties are allowed to park their cars on campus and have greater leave and liberty privileges than any other class.<ref name=GenInfo>{{cite web|access-date=9 January 2008 |url=http://www.usna.edu/geninfo.htm |title=General Information of Midshipmen |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224175703/http://www.usna.edu/geninfo.htm |archive-date=24 December 2007 }}</ref>
The brigade is divided into two regiments of three [[battalion]]s each.
===Insignia===
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[[File:Naval Academy chapel.jpg|thumb|Interior of the Naval Academy chapel]]
[[File:LejuneHall.jpg|thumb|The pool in the Lejeune Hall]]
The campus (or "Yard") has grown from a {{convert|40000|m2|acre}} Army post named [[Fort Severn]] in 1845 to a {{convert|1.37|km2|acre}} campus in the 21st century. By comparison, the [[United States Air Force Academy]] is {{convert|73|km2|acre}} and [[United States Military Academy]] is {{convert|65|km2|acre}}.
===Halls and principal buildings===
* [[Bancroft Hall]] is the largest building at the Naval Academy and the largest college dormitory in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=
* The [[Naval Academy Chapel]], at the center of the campus, across from Herndon Monument, has a high dome that is visible throughout Annapolis.<ref name=USNA_ChaplainCenter>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/Chaplains/ |title=U.S. Naval Academy Chaplain Center |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |access-date=23 October 2005 |archive-date=4 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904223841/http://www.usna.edu/Chaplains/orgs.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Designed by Ernest Flagg. The chapel was featured on the U.S. Postal Service postage stamp honoring the academy's 150th anniversary in 1995.<ref name=USNAstamp>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/VirtualTour/150years/stamp.htm |title=Postal Service Honors Naval Academy with a 150 Year Anniversary Commemorative Stamp |work=A Brief History of the United States Naval Academy |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230232946/http://www.usna.edu/VirtualTour/150years/stamp.htm |archive-date=30 December 2006 }}</ref> [[John Paul Jones]] lies in the crypt beneath the chapel.
* [[Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center and Jewish Chapel]],<ref name=LevyCenter>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/PAO/Levy_Center/vpk.htm |title=Press Kit: Uriah P. Levy Center Dedication Ceremony 18 September 2005 |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220005859/http://www.usna.edu/PAO/Levy_Center/vpk.htm |archive-date=20 February 2007 }}</ref> primarily funded with private donations, was dedicated on 23 September 2005. The chapel was named for Commodore [[Uriah P. Levy]] and houses a Jewish chapel, the honor board, ethics,{{clarify|date=December 2013}} character learning center, officer development spaces, a social director, and academic boards. Built featuring [[Jerusalem stone]], the architecture of the exterior is consistent with nearby Bancroft Hall.
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===Monuments and memorials===
{{See also|United States Navy Memorial #Other Navy memorials}}
* [[Gokoku-ji (Okinawa)|Gokoku-ji Bell]]. A copy of the original bell which was brought back to the United States in 1855 by Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] following his [[History of Japan#End of seclusion|mission]] to Japan. The bell is placed in front of [[Bancroft Hall]] and rung in a semi-annual ceremony for each victory that Navy has registered over Army, to include one of the nation's oldest football rivalries, the [[Army–Navy Game]]. The current bell is an exact replica of the original, which the United States Navy returned to the people of Okinawa in 1987.<ref>Honan, William. "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE1DE173FF935A35757C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink A 1465 Bell, War Booty, To Go Back To Okinawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052302/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/06/arts/a-1465-bell-war-booty-to-go-back-to-okinawa.html?sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |date=12 April 2023 }}." ''New York Times''. 6 April 1991. Accessed 22 July 2008.</ref>
* Enterprise Bell. Originally serving on the [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'' (CV-6)]], the ship’s bell was brought to the academy in 1950. It is sounded after most games when Navy wins over Army in any one of the three sports seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When the Japanese Bell at the U.S. Naval Academy May Be Rung {{!}} National Bell Festival |url=https://www.bells.org/blog/when-japanese-bell-us-naval-academy-may-be-rung |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.bells.org}}</ref>
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|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
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| [[Foreign national]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
<!-- ! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]] -->
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[[File:US Navy 100518-N-2069B-319 Plebes paddle pontoon boats during a team-building portion of Sea Trials at the U.S. Naval Academy.jpg|thumb|Plebes paddle pontoon boats during a team-building portion of Sea Trials]]
The most important sporting event at the academy is the annual [[Army–Navy Game]], in football. The 2015 season marks Navy's 14th consecutive victory over Army. The three major service academies (Navy, Air Force, and Army) compete for the [[Commander in Chief's Trophy|Commander-in-Chief's Trophy]], which is awarded to the academy that defeats the others in football that year (or retained by the previous winner in the event of a three-way tie). Navy won the trophy in 2012 after two years of residence at the [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]]. [[Keenan Reynolds (American football)|Keenan Reynolds]] (quarterback 2012–2015) set numerous Navy and NCAA records, including the FBS career rushing touchdown record, arguably becoming Navy's best quarterback ever. Reynolds finished fifth in the prestigious Heisman Trophy voting. In the Army-Navy rivalry, Reynolds became the first quarterback to beat Army in four seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/sports/ncaafootball/navy-midshipmen-beat-army-black-knights.html|title=Navy's Keenan Reynolds Extends Streak vs. Army|date=13 December 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102127/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/sports/ncaafootball/navy-midshipmen-beat-army-black-knights.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Naval Academy sports teams have many accomplishments at the international and national levels. In 1926, Navy's football team won the U.S. national championship based on both the [[Boand System|Boand]] and Houlgate mathematical poll systems.<ref name=2007NCAAbook>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |title=Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Record Book |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625010623/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008 }}</ref> and the Navy men's lacrosse team won 21 USILL or USILA national championships and was the NCAA Division I runner-up in 1975 and 2004. The men's fencing team won [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I championships in 1950, 1959, and 1962 and was runner-up in 1948, 1953, 1960, and 1963,<ref name=2002NCAAwinter>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/winter_champs_records_book/2002/discontinued2.pdf |title=''Official 2002 NCAA Winter Championships Records Book'' |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625010702/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/winter_champs_records_book/2002/discontinued2.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008 }}</ref> and [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I championships were also earned by the 1945 men's outdoor track and field team<ref name=NCAAoutdoortrackhx>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaasports.com/track-and-field/history/outdoor/divi |title=Division I Outdoor Track and Field History |publisher=NCAA.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212045244/http://www.ncaasports.com/track-and-field/history/outdoor/divi |archive-date=12 February 2008 }}</ref> and the 1964 men's soccer team.<ref name=NCAAhx_menssoccer>{{cite web|title=1964 Division I Men's Championship Bracket|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2011/D1Brackets.pdf|publisher=NCAA.org|access-date=22 November 2012|page=4|archive-date=16 May 2012|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120516112320/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2011/D1Brackets.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Academy Superintendent Vice Admiral Rodney Rempt issued a statement: "With the benefit of the Defense Task Force's assessment and recommendations, we will continue to strive to establish a climate which encourages reporting of these incidents, so we can support the victim and deal with allegations fairly and appropriately. The very idea that any member of the Naval Academy family could be part of an environment that fosters sexual harassment, misconduct, or even assault is of great concern to me, and it is contrary to all we are trying to do and achieve. Preventing and deterring this unacceptable behavior is a leadership issue that I and all the Academy leaders take to heart. The public trusts that the Service Academies will adhere to the highest standards and that we will serve as beacons that exemplify character, dignity and respect. We will increase our efforts to meet that trust." Superintendent Rempt was criticized in 2006 for not allowing former Navy quarterback [[Lamar Owens]] to graduate, despite his acquittal on a rape charge. Some alumni have attributed this to an overeagerness on Rempt's part to placate critics urging a crackdown on sexual assault and harassment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600956.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Case Stirs Criticism of Naval Academy Chief |first1=Raymond |last1=McCaffrey |first2=Steve |last2=Vogel |date=17 December 2006 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204195125/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600956.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1979, [[James H. Webb]] published a provocative essay opposing the integration of women at the Naval Academy titled "Women Can't Fight." Webb was an instructor at the Naval Academy in 1979 when he wrote the article for [[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian magazine]] that was critical of women in combat and of them attending the service academies. The article, in which he referred to the dorm at the Naval Academy that housed 4,000 men and 300 women as "a horny woman's dream," was written three years after the academy admitted women. Webb said he did not write the headline.<ref>{{Cite web | publisher=[[Huffington Post
On 7 November 2006, Webb was elected to the U.S. Senate from Virginia. His election opponent, then senator [[George Allen (U.S. politician)|George Allen]], raised the 1979 article as a campaign issue, depicting Webb as being opposed to women in military service. Webb's response read in part, "To the extent that my writings subjected women at the Academy or the active armed forces to undue hardship, I remain profoundly sorry." He then went on to assert: "I am completely comfortable with the roles of women in today's military."<ref>{{cite book | editor1-first=James E | editor1-last=Parco | editor2-first=David A | editor2-last=Levy | first=Michael | last=Allsep | title=Attitudes Aren't Free: Thinking Deeply about Diversity in the US Armed Forces | chapter=The Odyssey of James Webb: An Adaptive Gender Perspective | year=2010 | location=Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama | publisher=Air University Press | pages=313–315}}</ref> In a political advertisement for Allen five female graduates of the United States Naval Academy had said the article helped [[United States Senate election in Virginia, 2006#Debates|foster an air of hostility and harassment towards females within the academy]].
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The Navy Secretary [[Ray Mabus]], on 21 December 2012, issued a statement of shame over a recent sexual abuse study which showed the nation's service academies continue to have trouble maintaining safe teaching environments regarding sexual abuse. Reported sexual assaults the prior year declined from 22 to 13 at Annapolis. The former superintendent, Vice Admiral Mike Miller, enforced a new academy policy, as of January 2013, related to training, victim support, campus security, leadership presence on weekends, and a general review of alcohol policy based on other information in the recent report which shows the actual number of sexual assaults has not declined and that offenses are not reported.<ref>{{cite news | last=Hlad | first=Jennifer | date=21 December 2012 | title=Navy calls for changes after report on sex assaults at military academies | work=Stars and Stripes | access-date=6 June 2017 | url=http://www.stripes.com/navy-calls-for-changes-after-report-on-sex-assaults-at-military-academies-1.201508 | archive-date=11 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711185154/https://www.stripes.com/navy-calls-for-changes-after-report-on-sex-assaults-at-military-academies-1.201508 | url-status=live }}</ref>
In May 2021, Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] became the first female commencement speaker at the Naval Academy.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1001216860/vice-president-harris-becomes-the-first-woman-to-speak-at-u-s-navy-commencement
[[Yvette M. Davids]] became the first female Superintendent of the Naval Academy on 11 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VADM Davids Confirmed As Superintendent At Naval Academy |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3643662/vadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2FPress-Office%2FNews-Stories%2FArticle%2F3643662%2Fvadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy%2F |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=United States Navy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/education/higher-education/making-history-vice-adm-yvette-davids-becomes-first-woman-and-person-of-color-to-lead-naval-academy-CIIQ7VOLTNBTVOTQJWOV5DGLCQ/|title=Yvette Davids becomes first woman and Latina to lead Naval Academy|first=Royale|last=Bonds|date=January 12, 2024|website=The Baltimore Banner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/04/21/yvette-davids-us-naval-academy-superintendent/
==Traditions==
* ''[[Anchors Aweigh]]'' is a popular song written historically at the Naval Academy, subsequently coming to stand for the entire United States Navy. The lyrics are by Midshipman Alfred H. Miles, set to music by 2nd Lieutenant [[Charles A. Zimmermann|Zimmerman]], USMC, bandmaster of the [[United States Naval Academy Band|Naval Academy Band]] starting in 1887. After writing "Anchors Aweigh" they dedicated it to the Class of 1907. The song is sung during sporting events, pep rallies, and played by the Drum and Bugle Corps during noon meal formations. Members of the Navy and Marine Corps, unless marching, are supposed to come to attention while it is playing. The original verse (quoted below) is learned by midshipmen as plebes.
* "[[Navy Blue and Gold|Blue and Gold]]" is the name of Naval Academy's [[Alma mater (song)|Alma Mater]].<ref name="auto"/> The song is sung at the conclusion of every sporting event, at the end of pep rallies and at alumni gatherings. It is also sung in most companies by the plebes at the conclusion of the day during Plebe Summer and end of the week during the academic year; this event is also referred to as "Blue and Gold," which is a short gathering to review the day for better or worse with the upperclass midshipmen.
* ''[[Herndon Monument]] Climb'' – a year-end informal ritual (analogous to the "cover toss" at graduation) marking the passage from plebe to third-classman. The new upperclassmen raise a classmate to the top of the monument to replace a dixie cup sailor cover with the combination cover traditional to midshipmen.<ref name="gloss">{{cite web | url=http://www.usna-parents.org/glossary.html | title=Glossary of Navy Terms | publisher=Usna-parents.org | access-date=10 October 2011 | archive-date=30 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930130129/http://www.usna-parents.org/glossary.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="handb">{{cite web | url=http://www.usna.org/handbook/navspeak.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011429/http://www.usna.org/handbook/navspeak.html | archive-date= 4 March 2012 |title= NAVspeak Glossary – Translations of Navy Slang for Parents of Midshipmen attending the US Naval Academy |publisher=Usna.org |access-date= 10 October 2011}}</ref> For the event, Herndon is covered with lard. Only teamwork will result in the changing of caps. In 2008, the dixie cup removed and the cover placed belonged to Midshipman Kristen Dickmann, Class of 2011, who had died a few days previously. These were the first women's caps used for the Climb.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/15/AR2008051503579.html |title=Plebes Rise To Occasion As Tradition Carries On |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Nelson |last=Hernandez |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709193132/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/15/AR2008051503579.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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