Content deleted Content added
Filled in 9 bare reference(s) with reFill 2 |
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 23 templates: hyphenate params (10×); |
||
Line 4:
A '''video wall''' is a special [[multi-monitor]] setup that consists of multiple [[computer monitor]]s, [[video projector]]s, or [[television set]]s tiled together contiguously or overlapped in order to form one large screen. Typical display technologies include [[Liquid crystal display|LCD panels]], [[LED displays|Direct View LED arrays]], blended projection screens, [[Laser-powered phosphor display|Laser Phosphor Displays]], and [[Rear-projection television|rear projection cubes]]. [[Jumbotron]] technology was also previously used. [[Diamond Vision]] was historically similar to Jumbotron in that they both used [[cathode-ray tube]] (CRT) technology, but with slight differences between the two. Early Diamond vision displays used separate flood gun CRTs, one per subpixel. Later Diamond vision displays and all Jumbotrons used field-replaceable modules containing several flood gun CRTs each, one per subpixel, that had common connections shared across all CRTs in a module; the module was connected through a single weather-sealed connector.<ref>https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/sites/news/2018/pdf/0308.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://site.ieee.org/sb-uol/mitsubishis-large-scale-display-changed-the-way-we-watch-live-sports/|title=Mitsubishi’s Large-Scale Display Changed the Way We Watch Live Sports « IEEE University of Lahore|website=site.ieee.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd165.php?l=e|title=Mitsubishi Diamond Vision Mark III HR 15mmPP Flat Matrix CRT|website=lampes-et-tubes.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd083.php?l=e|title=Futaba SONY (TL-08D) 8-799-070-01 Flood Beam CRT Jumbotron Tube|website=lampes-et-tubes.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd173.php?l=e|title=Itron HB 2F89068 Mark III Flat Matrix CRT Unit|website=lampes-et-tubes.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pa/books?id=e35kJYAlyCgC&pg=PA242&lpg=PA242&dq=flood+beam+crt+mitsubishi&source=bl&ots=f0nVNSrSOe&sig=ACfU3U1GLqrtllqoVveEsQO7O1rSUg7usA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjq6tDR0qvrAhVKmVkKHXjSDfoQ6AEwFXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=flood+beam+crt+mitsubishi&f=false|title=Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from its earliest beginnings to the present day, Fourth Edition|first=G. W. A.|last=Drummer|date=January 1, 1997|publisher=CRC Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pa/books?id=DSHSqWQXm3oC&pg=PA396&lpg=PA396&dq=flood+beam+crt+mitsubishi&source=bl&ots=o1QUIRFI3N&sig=ACfU3U3HISpQ9BuiLu6gD7HA9G45OK2_nA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjq6tDR0qvrAhVKmVkKHXjSDfoQ6AEwG3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=flood+beam+crt+mitsubishi&f=false|title=The Electronics Handbook|first=Jerry C.|last=Whitaker|date=December 23, 1996|publisher=CRC Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.industrialalchemy.org/articleview.php?item=947|title=Futaba TL-3508XA Jumbotron Display - Industrial Alchemy|website=www.industrialalchemy.org}}</ref>
Screens specifically designed for use in video walls usually have narrow [[wikt:bezel#Noun|bezels]] in order to minimize the gap between active display areas, and are built with long-term serviceability in mind.<ref name=pixell>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pixell.com/what_is_a_vw.htm |title=What is a Video Wall? |
Reasons for using a video wall instead of a single large screen can include the ability to customize tile layouts, greater screen area per unit cost, and greater [[pixel density]] per unit cost, due to the [[economics]] of manufacturing single screens which are unusual in shape, size, or [[Display resolution|resolution]].
Video walls are sometimes found in [[control room]]s, [[stadium]]s, and other large public venues. Examples include the video wall in [[Oakland International Airport|Oakland International Airport's]] [[baggage claim]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oaklandairport.com/pdf/travel_planner/september_october_2006.pdf|title=Terminal 2 Baggage Claim Building Opens In July|date=2006|work=Oakland International Travel Planner|
Simple video walls can be driven from [[multi-monitor]] video cards, however more complex arrangements may require specialized video processors, specifically designed to manage and drive large video walls.<ref name=pixell/> Software-based video wall technology that uses ordinary PCs, displays and networking equipment can also be used for video wall deployments.<ref name=informationweek>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/hardware/peripherals/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=212902015 |title=Startup of the Week: Hiperwall }}</ref>
Line 24:
'''Hardware-based controllers''' are electronic devices built for specific purpose. They usually are built on array of video processing chipsets and do not have an operating system. The advantage of using a hardware video wall controller is high performance and reliability. Disadvantages include high cost and the lack of flexibility.
The most simple example of video wall controller is single input multiple outputs scaler. It accepts one video input and splits the image into parts corresponding to displays in the video wall.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Keene|first1=David|title=Video Wall Webinar Archive Open for Attendance|url=http://www.avnetwork.com/digital-signage/0003/video-wall-webinar-archive-open-for-attendance/84759|
Most of professional video wall displays also have built-in controller (sometimes called an integrated video matrix processor or splitter). This matrix splitter allows to “stretch” the image from a single video input across all the displays within the whole video wall (typically arranged in a linear matrix, e.g., 2x2, 4x4, etc.). These types of displays typically have loop-through output (usually DVI) that allows installers to daisy-chain all displays and feed them with the same input. Typically setup is done via the remote control and the on-screen display. It is a fairly simple method to build a video wall but it has some disadvantages. First of all, it is impossible to use full pixel resolution of the video wall because the resolution cannot be bigger than the resolution of the input signal. It is also not possible to display multiple inputs at the same time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Panasonic Intros New Digital Signage Displays, Including Its First Video Wall Display|url=http://www.ravepubs.com/panasonic-intros-new-digital-signage-displays-including-its-first-video-wall-display/|publisher=Rave Publications}}</ref>
'''Software-based PC & video-card controllers''' is a computer running an operating system (e.g., Windows, Linux, Mac) in a PC or server equipped with special multiple-output graphic cards and optionally with video capture input cards. These video wall controllers are often built on industrial-grade chassis due to the reliability requirements of control rooms and situational centers. Though this approach is typically more expensive, the advantage of a software-based video wall controller vs the hardware splitter is that it can launch applications like maps, VoIP client (to display IP cameras), SCADA clients, Digital Signage software that can directly utilize the full resolution of the video wall. That is why software-based controllers are widely used in control rooms and high-end Digital Signage.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McMurray|first1=Ian|title=LTP installs media wall|url=http://www.installation-international.com/ltp-installs-media-wall/|publisher=Installation International|date=26 January 2011}}</ref> The performance of the software controller depends on both the quality of graphic cards and management software. There are a number of multi-head (multiple output) graphic cards commercially available. Most of general purpose multi-output cards manufactured by AMD (Eyefinity technology), NVidia (Mosaic technology) support up to 6-12 genlocked outputs.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}} General purpose cards also do not have optimizations for displaying multiple video streams from capture cards. To achieve larger number of displays or high video input performance one needs to use specialized graphic cards (e.g. Datapath Limited, [[Matrox]] Graphics, Jupiter Systems).<ref>{{cite news|last1=McGrath|first1=James|title=Datapath introduces quad channel video capture card|url=http://www.installation-international.com/datapath-introduces-quad-channel-video-capture-card-2/|
Video wall controllers typically support bezel correction (outside frame of monitor) to correct for any bezel with LED displays or overlap the images to blend edges with projectors.
| |||