Vortioxetine: Difference between revisions

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| image = Vortioxetine.svg
| width = 175
| alt =
| image2 = Vortioxetine ball-and-stick model.png
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =
| JAN = Vortioxetine hydrobromide
| USAN = Vortioxetine hydrobromide
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| pregnancy_AU = B3
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2014-PI-01635-1|format=PDF|title=Brintellix (vortioxetine (as hydrobromide)) Product Information |website=Therapeutic Goods Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database | work = Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | publisher = Australian Government | date=12 May 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/resource/guidance/updates-prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref>
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]]
| class = [[Serotonin modulator and stimulator]] (SMS)<ref name=webmmd/>
| ATC_prefix = N06
| ATC_suffix = AX26
| ATC_supplemental =
 
<!-- Legal status -->
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| legal_CA_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Product monograph brand safety updates | website=[[Health Canada]] | date=6 June 2024 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/drug-product-database/label-safety-assessment-update/product-monograph-brand-safety-updates.html | access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_UK_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Brintellix tablets 5, 10 and 20mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=11 April 2022 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10443/smpc | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=19 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219082241/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10443/smpc | url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| legal_EU_comment = <ref name="Brintellix EPAR">{{cite web | title=Brintellix EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/brintellix | access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status = Rx-only
 
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| protein_bound = 98–99%<ref name="pmid29189941" /><ref name="Trintellix FDA label"/><ref name="BundgaardPehrson2015">{{cite book | vauthors = Bundgaard C, Pehrson AL, Sánchez C, Bang-Andersen B | title=Blood-Brain Barrier in Drug Discovery | chapter=Case Study 2 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc | publication-place=Hoboken, NJ | date=2 January 2015 | doi=10.1002/9781118788523.ch23 | pages=505–520| isbn=9781118788523 }}</ref>
| metabolism = [[Liver]], primarily [[CYP2D6]]-mediated [[oxidation]]<ref name="pmid29189941" />
| metabolites =
| onset =
| elimination_half-life = 66 hours<ref name="pmid29189941" />
| duration_of_action =
| excretion = 59% in [[urine]], 26% in [[feces]]<ref name="pmid29189941" />
 
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number = 508233-74-7
| CAS_supplemental =
| PubChem = 9966051
| IUPHAR_ligand = 7351
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 2204360
| NIAID_ChemDB =
| PDB_ligand =
| synonyms = Lu AA21004
 
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C18H22N2S/c1-14-7-8-17(15(2)13-14)21-18-6-4-3-5-16(18)20-11-9-19-10-12-20/h3-8,13,19H,9-12H2,1-2H3
| StdInChI_comment =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YQNWZWMKLDQSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density =
| density_notes =
| melting_point =
| melting_high =
| melting_notes =
| boiling_point =
| boiling_notes =
| solubility =
| sol_units =
| specific_rotation =
}}
 
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| colspan="7" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0;" | '''Notes:''' Vortioxetine and [[duloxetine]] (an SNRI) were directly compared in randomized clinical trials. Other reported side effects of vortioxetine in clinical trials included [[headache]], [[nasopharyngitis|nasal symptoms]], [[somnolence]], and [[hyperhidrosis|excessive sweating]].<ref name="pmid24684240" /><ref name="pmid25575488"/>
|}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The most common [[side effect]]s reported with vortioxetine are [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[constipation]], and [[sexual dysfunction]], among others.<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /> With the exceptions of nausea and sexual dysfunction, these side effects were reported by less than or equal to 10% of study participants given vortioxetine.<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /><ref name="pmid24684240" /> Significant percentages of placebo-treated participants also report these side effects.<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /><ref name="pmid24684240" /> Discontinuation of treatment due to adverse effects in clinical trials was 8% with vortioxetine versus 3% with placebo.<ref name="pmid24684240" />
 
[[Sexual dysfunction]], such as [[decreased libido]], [[abnormal orgasm]], [[delayed ejaculation]], and [[erectile dysfunction]], are well-known side effects of SSRIs and [[serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]]s (SNRIs).<ref name="pmid25562777" /> In clinical trials, sexual dysfunction occurred more often with vortioxetine than with [[placebo]] and appeared to be dose-dependent.<ref name="pmid25562777" /><ref name="pmid25907797" /> The specific incidences{{verify spelling|date=September 2022|reason=''incidence'' is normally used only in the singular form, perhaps ''incidence'', ''incidents'', or ''instances'' was intended}}Incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction as measured with the [[Arizona Sexual Experience Scale]] (ASEX) were 14 to 20% for placebo and 16 to 34% for vortioxetine over a dosage range of 5 to 20&nbsp;mg/day.<ref name="pmid25562777" /><ref name="pmid25907797" /> The incidence of sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine was similar to that with the SNRI [[duloxetine]], which had an incidence of 26 to 28% at the used dosage of 60&nbsp;mg/day.<ref name="pmid25562777" /> However, treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction caused by a prior SSRI was better improved by switching to vortioxetine than by switching to the SSRI [[escitalopram]].<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /> In another study, vortioxetine at a dosage of 10&nbsp;mg/day though not at 20&nbsp;mg/day produced less sexual dysfunction than the SSRI [[paroxetine]].<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /> These findings suggest that although vortioxetine can still cause sexual dysfunction itself, it may cause somewhat less sexual dysfunction than SSRIs and might be a useful alternative option for people experiencing sexual dysfunction with these medications.<ref name="Trintellix FDA label" /><ref name="pmid29344340">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chokka PR, Hankey JR | title = Assessment and management of sexual dysfunction in the context of depression | journal = Ther Adv Psychopharmacol | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29344340 | pmc = 5761906 | doi = 10.1177/2045125317720642 | url = }}</ref> The rates of voluntarily or spontaneously reported sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine are much lower than with the ASEX, ranging from <1 to 5% for vortioxetine versus <1 to 2% for placebo in clinical trials.<ref name="pmid25907797" /><ref name="pmid25562777" /><ref name="Trintellix FDA label" />
 
{| class="wikitable"
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| –
| –
| Antagonist
| –
|-
| colspan="5" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0;" | '''Note:''' No significant activities at 70 other molecular targets (>1,000&nbsp;nM) (including, e.g., the {{abbrlink|DAT|Dopamine transporter}}). '''Sources:''' <ref name="MooreBang-Andersen2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore N, Bang-Andersen B, Brennum L, Fredriksen K, Hogg S, Mork A, Stensbol T, Zhong H, Sanchez C, Smith D | display-authors = 6 |title=Lu AA21004: a novel potential treatment for mood disorders |journal=European Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=18 |issue=Supplement 4 |page=S321 |date=August 2008 |doi=10.1016/S0924-977X(08)70440-1 |s2cid=54253895 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21486038">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bang-Andersen B, Ruhland T, Jørgensen M, Smith G, Frederiksen K, Jensen KG, Zhong H, Nielsen SM, Hogg S, Mørk A, Stensbøl TB | display-authors = 6 | title = Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 54 | issue = 9 | pages = 3206–3221 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21486038 | doi = 10.1021/jm101459g }}</ref>
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===Names===
Vortioxetine was previously sold under the brand name Brintellix in the United States, but in May 2016, the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved a name change to Trintellix in order to avoid confusion with the blood-thinning medication Brilinta ([[ticagrelor]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm498607.htm|title=Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products - Brintellix (vortioxetine): Drug Safety Communication - Brand Name Change to Trintellix, to Avoid Confusion With Antiplatelet Drug Brilinta (ticagrelor |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|access-date=2 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160505122409/https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm498607.htm |archive-date=5 May 2016}}</ref> Other brand names include Torvox, Vantaxa, Voxigain, and Trivoxetin.<ref>{{cncite web|url=https://m.netmeds.com/generics/vortioxetine-10mg|title=Substitute Brands for Voxigain Tablet 10mg|website=Netmeds|access-date=June31 August 2024}}</ref>
 
==Research==
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| title = [[Pharmacodynamics]]
| titlestyle = background:#ccccff
| list1 =
{{Adrenergic receptor modulators}}
{{Monoamine reuptake inhibitors}}