Content deleted Content added
Crutchfieldc (talk | contribs) Added three images of archaeological sites |
Crutchfieldc (talk | contribs) →Pikillacta (Pikillaqta): Added information about Pikillacta |
||
Line 48:
== War, Conflict, and Imperialism ==
Militarism played a significant role in the Wari Empire, evident in various aspects of its structure and iconography. Subsidiary centers surrounding the capital were fortified, indicating a strategic emphasis on defense<ref>Pérez Calderón, I., & Cabrera, R. M. (2001). Investigations on the periphery of the Huari complex. In ''XII Peruvian Congress of Man and Andean Culture Luis G. Lumbreras'' (Vol. 2, pp. 246-270). Ayacucho, Peru: National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga.</ref>. A 2-square-kilometer walled complex at [[Pikillaqta]] potentially housed a military garrison, fortified with smaller sites and walls designed to resist military threats and control access.<ref name=":3">McEwan, G. F. (1991). Investigations at the Pikillacta site: a provincial Huari center in the valley of Cuzco. ''Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government'', ''93119''.</ref> Wari iconography frequently depicts soldiers equipped with military weaponry suggesting readiness for violent conflict.<ref>Paravicino, J. O., & Romero, M. C. (2002). Religious ideology and military organization in the iconography of a D-shaped ceremonial precinct at Conchopata. In ''Andean archaeology II: Art, landscape, and society'' (pp. 225-247). Boston, MA: Springer US.</ref>
By building imperial-style infrastructure, the empire-controlled areas along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands. Provincial centers include [[Viracochapampa]], [[Honcopampa]], and [[Cerro Baúl]], all of which share similar architectural styles and ceramic vessels.<ref>Marsh, Erik J; Schreiber, Katharina (21 February 2015). "Eyes of the empire: A viewshed-based exploration of Wari site-placement decisions in the Sondondo Valley, Peru". ''Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports''. '''4''': 54–64 – via Science Direct.</ref> These sites were connected to the capital, [[Huari District|Huari]], by a network of imperial roads creating a unified polity.
Line 64:
=== Pikillacta ([[Pikillaqta]]) ===
Pikillacta was a 495 acre settlement near the Cusco basin. <ref name=":2" /> The central part of Pikillacta was a series of multi-room buildings that Joyce Marcus compared to ice trays.<ref name=":2" />The first archaeological excavation of Pikillacta was conducted in 1927 but minimal evidence was found.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt20krzhs |title=Pikillacta: The Wari Empire in Cuzco |date=2005 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |isbn=978-0-87745-931-6}}</ref>Through three separate excavations, Gordon McEwan made extensive discoveries at Pikillacta. Although Pikillacta is one of the largest Wari Archaeological sites that has been found, there is not a substantial amount of evidence suggesting that people actually lived there.<ref name=":3" /> Evidence found at the suite, such as the lack of doorways, has led archaeologists to theorize that Pikillacta could have been used as an insane asylum or prison.<ref name=":3" />
*[[Wari culture]]
*[[Tiwanaku Empire]]
| |||