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====Dominican Republic====
{{Main|White Dominicans}}
[[File:Juan_pablo_duarte_diez.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Juan Pablo Duarte]], of Spanish descent, was the foremost of the [[founding fathers]] in the Dominican Republic.]]
White Dominicans have ancestry from the first European settlers to arrive in the island of [[Hispaniola]] in 1492 and are descendants of the [[Spaniards|Spanish]] and [[French people|Portuguese]] who settled in the [[Hispaniola|island]] during [[Captaincy General of Santo Domingo|colonial times]], as well as the [[Portuguese people|French]] who settled in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Many whites in the Dominican Republic also descend from [[Italians]],<ref name="P-Plata" /><ref name="P-Plata2" /> [[Dutchmen]],<ref name="P-Plata" /><ref name="P-Plata2" /> [[Germans]],<ref name="P-Plata" /> [[Hungarians]], [[Scandinavia]]ns, [[Americans]]<ref name="P-Plata" /><ref name="P-Plata2" /> and other nationalities who have migrated between the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="P-Plata" /><ref name="P-Plata2" /> About 9.2% of the Dominican population claims a [[European emigration|European immigrant]] background, according to the 2021 Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas survey.<ref name="UNFPA-Encuesta-Autopercepcion"/>
White Dominicans historically made up a larger percentage in the [[Captaincy General of Santo Domingo]] and for a time were the single largest ethnic group prior to the 19th century.<ref name="google1"/><ref name="Stanley J. Engerman 1997, pp. 48">Stanley J. Engerman, Barry W. Higman, "The demographic structures of the Caribbean Slaves Societies in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries", General History of the Caribbean: The Slave Societies of the Caribbean, vol. III, London, 1997, pp. 48–49.{{Blockquote|PUERTO RICO: 17,572 whites; 5,037 slaves; 22,274 freed coloured people; total- 44,883. CUBA: 116,947 whites; 28,760 slaves; 24,293 freed coloured people; total- 170,000. SANTO DOMINGO: 30,863 whites; 8,900 slaves; 30,862 freed coloured people; total- 70,625. TOTAL SPANISH COLONIES: 165,382 whites; 42,967 slaves; 77,429 freed coloured people; total- 285,508.}}</ref> Similar to the rest of the Hispanic Caribbean, the majority of Spaniards who settled the Dominican Republic came from southern Spain, [[Andalusia]] and the [[Canary Islands]], the latter of whom are of partial North African [[Guanches|Guanche]] descent.
The 1750 estimates show that there were 30,863 whites, out of a total population of 70,625, in the colony of Santo Domingo.<ref name=Haines>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&dq=17%2C572+whites%3B+5%2C037+22%2C274++44%2C883&pg=PA495 A Population History of North America] By Michael R. Haines, Richard H. Steckel</ref> The census of 1920 was the first national enumeration. The second census, taken in 1935, covered race, religion, literacy, nationality, labor force, and urban–rural residence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dominican Republic, Summary of Biostatistics: Maps and Charts, Population, Natality and Mortality Statistics |date=1945 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OE3XAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA5 }}</ref>
The [[2022 Dominican Republic Census]] will be the first census since 1960 to gather data on ethnic identification.<ref name="acento.com.do">{{cite web | url=https://acento.com.do/opinion/el-tema-etnico-racial-en-los-censos-nacionales-de-poblacion-de-rd-y-3-9114716.html | title=El tema étnico-racial en los censos nacionales de población de RD (Y 3) |language=Spanish |date=5 October 2022|accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref>
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