Wikipedia

Arab diaspora

Arab diaspora is a term that refers to descendants of the Arab emigrants who, voluntarily or as forcibly, migrated from their native lands to non-Arab countries, primarily in the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.

Arab diaspora
الشتات العربي
Total population
50,000,000[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Brazil10,000,000–12,000,000[2][3][4]
 France5,500,000–7,000,000[5][6]
 Turkey5,000,000[7][a]
 United States3,700,000[9]
 Argentina3,500,000[10]
 Colombia3,200,000[11][12][13][14][15]
 Israel1,890,000[16][17]
 Chad1,800,000[18]
 Iran1,600,000[19]–4,000,000[20]
 Venezuela1,600,000[21]
 Germany1,401,950[22]
 Spain1,350,000[23][24]
 Mexico1,100,000[25]
 Chile800,000[26][27][28]
 Canada750,925[29]
 Italy705,968[30]
 Sweden543,350[31]
 United Kingdom500,000[32]
 Australia500,000[33]
 Netherlands480,000–613,800[34]
 India300,000[35]
 Ivory Coast300,000[36]
 Honduras280,000[37]
 Guatemala200,000[38]
 Ecuador170,000[39]
 Niger150,000 (2006)[40]
 Denmark121,000[41]
 Indonesia118,866 (2010)[42]
 El Salvador100,000[43][44][45][46][47]
 Eritrea80,000 (2010)[48]
 Uruguay75,000[49]
 Tanzania70,000[50]
 Kenya59,021 (2019)[51]
 Somalia30,000[52]
 Belize10,000[53]
Languages
Arabic (mother tongue), French, Italian, Spanish, English, Portuguese, Malay, Filipino, Hebrew, Indonesian, Japanese, German, Turkish, Persian, and other languages among others
Religion
Predominantly Islam in Europe and Asia, Christianity in the Americas, but also Druze, and irreligion[citation needed]
Related ethnic groups

Immigrants from Arab countries, such as Lebanon, Syria and the Palestinian territories, also form significant diasporas in other Arab states.

Overview

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Arab expatriates contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development. In 2009 Arab countries received a total of US$35.1 billion in remittance in-flows and remittances sent to Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon from other Arab countries are 40 to 190 per cent higher than trade revenues between these and other Arab countries.[54] Large numbers of Arabs migrated to West Africa, particularly Côte d'Ivoire,[55] Senegal,[56] Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria.[57] Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Lebanese traders have become re-established in Sierra Leone.[citation needed]

According to Saudi Aramco World, the largest concentration of Arabs outside the Arab World is in Brazil, which has 9 million Brazilians of Arab ancestry.[58] Of these 9 million Arabs, 6 million are of Lebanese ancestry,[59][60][61] making Brazil's population of Lebanese equivalent to that of Lebanon itself. However, these figures are contradicted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical information in Brazil. According to the 2010 Brazilian census conducted by IBGE, there were only 12,336 Lebanese nationals living in Brazil and other Arab nationalities were so small that they were not even listed.[62] The Brazilian census does not ask about ancestry or family origin. There is a question about nationality and, according to the Brazilian law, any person born in Brazil is a Brazilian national by birth and right for any purpose, nationally or internationally - not an Arab.[63][64] The last Brazilian census to ask about family origin was conducted in 1940. At that time, 107,074 Brazilians said they had a Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi or Arab father. Native Arabs were 46,105 and naturalized Brazilians were 5,447. In 1940, Brazil had 41,169,321 inhabitants, hence Arabs and their children were 0.38% of Brazil's population in 1940.[65]

Colombia,[66] Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico and Chile. Palestinians cluster in Chile and Central America, particularly El Salvador, and Honduras.[67] The Palestinian community in Chile[68][69] is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in the capital) are more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. In the United States, there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry.[70]

In the 2010 Indonesian census, 118,886 people, amounting to 0.05% of the population of Indonesia, identified themselves as being of Arab ethnicity.[71]

There is also a small community of Yemeni Arabs in Hyderabad city of Telangana state in India who were brought from Hadhramaut region of Yemen to serve as army men during Nizam's rule. They are called the Chaush community. There is also presence of a tiny Iraqi refugees/immigrant community in India.

See also

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References

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Notes

  1. ^ Including 1–2 million native Arabs[7] and 3,763,565 registered Syrian refugees.[8]

Citations

  1. ^ al-Sharif, Amine (11 August 2020). "Diasporas: A Global and Vibrant Force for Arab Democratization". Arab Reform Initiative.
  2. ^ IBGE. IBGE | Biblioteca | Detalhes | Características étnico-raciais da população : classificações e identidades IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População.
  3. ^ Silvia Ferabolli (25 September 2014). Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-317-65803-0. According to estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), countersigned by the League of Arab States, Brazil has the largest Arab colony outside their countries of origin. There are estimated 15 million Arabs living in Brazil today, with some researchers suggesting numbers around 20 million.
  4. ^ Paul Amar (15 July 2014). The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South. Indiana University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-253-01496-2. there are, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, more than sixteen million Arabs and descendants of Arabs in Brazil, constituting the largest community of Arabs descent outside the Middle East.
  5. ^ Crumley, Bruce (24 March 2009), "Should France Count Its Minority Population?", Time, retrieved 11 October 2014
  6. ^ "To count or not to count". The Economist. 26 March 2009. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Turkey's demographic challenge". www.aljazeera.com.
  8. ^ "UNHCR Situation Syria Regional Refugee Response – Turkey". Government of Turkey. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  9. ^ "Demographics". Arab American Institute. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Inmigración sirio-libanesa en Argentina" (in Spanish). Fearab.org.ar. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  11. ^ "Colombia y Medio Oriente". 26 April 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Brazil-Arab News Agency - Colombia awakens to the Arab world". 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  13. ^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (7 March 2019). "Los palestinos que encontraron un segundo hogar en el centro de Bogotá". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  14. ^ "Estimación de la mortalidad, 1985-2005" [Estimation of mortality, 1985-2005] (PDF). Postcensal Studies (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: DANE. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  15. ^ "Proyecciones nacionales y departamentales de población. 2006-2020" [National and departmental population projections. 2006-2020] (PDF) (in Spanish). DANE National Statistical Service, Colombia. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Israel's Independence Day 2019" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  17. ^ "65th Independence Day – More than 8 Million Residents in the State of Israel" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 14 April 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  18. ^ "Chad". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 3 April 2019. (Archived 2019 edition.)
  19. ^ "Iran". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 3 August 2013. (Archived 2013 edition.)
  20. ^ "Arabs". Minority Rights Group. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  21. ^ Margolis, Mac (15 September 2013). "Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines". The Daily Beast.
  22. ^ "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016". statista (in German).
  23. ^ "Los musulmanes en España superan los 1,8 millones". www.europapress.es (in Spanish). 30 March 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  24. ^ Redaction (9 October 2012). "La cifra de musulmanes en España alcanza los 1,6 millones, de los que casi un tercio viven en Cataluña". www.alertadigital.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  25. ^ Sierra, Mauricio (16 June 2021). "Arab Ancestry in Latin America". Berkeley High Jacket. Retrieved 15 February 2022. Arab Mexicans are an important group within Mexican society. There are around 1,100,000 Mexican citizens of Arab descent, primarily of Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Palestinian heritage.
  26. ^ "Aurora | Aurora". www.aurora-israel.co.il. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.
  27. ^ "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome". Adnkronos.com. 7 April 2003. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  28. ^ "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile". Laventana.casa.cult.cu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  29. ^ "Canadian Arab Institute :: 750,925 Canadians Hail from Arab Lands". www.canadianarabinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  30. ^ "Cittadini stranieri in Italia – 2021". tuttitalia.it.
  31. ^ "Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2020". Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  32. ^ Anthony McRoy. "The British Arab". National Association of British Arabs. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  33. ^ "australianarab.org/about-us". Archived from the original on 30 October 2016.
  34. ^ "Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht" (PDF), Utrecht University, 10 September 2010, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2019, retrieved 29 November 2010
  35. ^ [1]
  36. ^ "Côte d'Ivoire". Minority Rights Group. 30 January 2018.
  37. ^ J. Espín-Ocampo (2020). Origen y evolución de la comunidad palestina en Chile. Vol. 1. pp. 113–132. doi:10.15359/ri.93-1.5. ISSN 1018-0583. S2CID 241082525. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  38. ^ MacDonald, Rory (10 July 2018). "'We have been ignored': Palestinian diaspora in Guatemala responds to Jerusalem embassy move". Mondoweiss. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  39. ^ de 2020, 16 de Octubre (16 October 2020). "El Guayaquil que acogió a los migrantes extranjeros". El Telégrafo. Retrieved 16 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ "Africa | Niger's Arabs to fight expulsion". BBC News. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  41. ^ "Demographics and Ethnic Groups of Denmark". WorldAtlas. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  42. ^ Hartono, Sunaryati (2015). Analisis dan Evaluasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tentang Peninggalan Kolonial (Belanda dan Jepang) (PDF). Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI. pp. 25–26. IOS1-INLIS000000000683886.
  43. ^ "Why So Many Palestinians Live In El Salvador | AJ+". newsvideo.su. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  44. ^ "Lebanese Diaspora Worldwide Geographical Distribution". Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  45. ^ Zielger, Matthew. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  46. ^ "AJ Plus: The Palestinians of El Salvador". Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  47. ^ Dellios, Hugh. "El Salvador vote divides 2 Arab clans". Chicago Tribune.
  48. ^ "Languages of Eritrea". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  49. ^ de 2014, 25 de Junio (24 November 2017). "Más de 10 millones de libaneses empujan el crecimiento social y económico de América Latina". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 15 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ "Tanzania History and Information – Safari Info for Tanzania". www.eyesonafrica.net. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  51. ^ "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics" (PDF). Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  52. ^ "Somalia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 17 October 2023, retrieved 22 October 2023
  53. ^ Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2010). Belize and Its Identity: A Multicultural Perspective. New Africa Press. ISBN 978-998-7160-20-4. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  54. ^ "Intra-Regional Labour Mobility in the Arab World" (PDF). International Organization for Migration (IOM) Cairo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011.
  55. ^ "Ivory Coast - The Levantine Community". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  56. ^ Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce, By Naomi Schwarz, voanews.com, 10 July 2007
  57. ^ Lebanese man shot dead in Nigeria, BBC News
  58. ^ "The Arabs of Brazil". Saudi Aramco World. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  59. ^ "Sleiman meets Brazilian counterpart, Lebanese community". The Daily Star. 23 April 2010.
  60. ^ "O Líbano: Geografia" [Lebanon: Geography] (in Portuguese). Lebanese Embassy in Brazil. 1996. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010.
  61. ^ "Estadão de Hoje". Estadao.com.br. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  62. ^ MOBILIDADE ESPACIAL DOS IMIGRANTES ESTRANGEIROS NO BRASIL - 1991/2010
  63. ^ Censo Demográfico 2010
  64. ^ Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, Government of Brazil (in Portuguese).
  65. ^ IBGE.Censo brasileiro de 1940.
  66. ^ Habeeb Salloum, "Arabs Making Their Mark in Latin America: Generations of Immigrants in Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico", Al Jadid, Vol. 6, no. 30 (Winter 2000).
  67. ^ "The Arabs of Honduras". Saudiaramcoworld.com. 27 June 1936. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  68. ^ "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome". Adnkronos.com. 7 April 2003. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  69. ^ "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile". Laventana.casa.cult.cu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  70. ^ "The Arab American Institute". Aaiusa.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  71. ^ Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono (14 July 2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 121. ISBN 978-981-4519-87-8.

Further reading

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