Wikipedia

Arkansas Nuclear One

Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO) is a two-unit pressurized water nuclear power plant located on Lake Dardanelle outside Russellville, Arkansas. Owned by Entergy Arkansas and operated by Entergy Nuclear, it is the only nuclear power facility in Arkansas.[3]

Arkansas Nuclear One
Arkansas Nuclear One (February 2010)
Map
CountryUnited States
LocationClark Township, Pope County, near Russellville, Arkansas
Coordinates35°18′40″N 93°13′52″W / 35.311°N 93.231°W / 35.311; -93.231
StatusOperational
Construction beganUnit 1: October 1, 1968
Unit 2: December 6, 1968
Commission dateUnit 1: December 19, 1974
Unit 2: March 26, 1980
Construction cost$2.522 billion (2007 USD)[1]
OwnerEntergy Arkansas
OperatorEntergy Nuclear
Nuclear power station
Reactor typePWR
Reactor supplierUnit 1: Babcock & Wilcox
Unit 2: Combustion Engineering
Cooling towers1 × Natural Draft
(Unit 2 only)
Cooling sourceLake Dardanelle
Thermal capacity1 × 2568 MWth
1 × 3026 MWth
Power generation
Units operational1 × 836 MW
1 × 988 MW
Make and modelUnit 1: B&W LLP (DRYAMB)
Unit 2: CE 2-loop (DRYAMB)
Nameplate capacity1824 MW
Capacity factor79.36% (2017)
80.75% (lifetime)
Annual net output13,555 GWh (2021)[2]
External links
WebsiteArkansas Nuclear One
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

Units

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Both units were designed by Bechtel Power and are located on the Northeast Shore of Lake Dardanelle.[4] They employ a combined number of 950 personnel at ANO[5] and generate enough power to meet approximately 56% of the total energy demand of Entergy Arkansas’ 700,000 customers. [6]

Unit One

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Unit One has a generating capacity of 836 megawatts and began commercial operation on December 19, 1974.[7] ANO Unit 1 had its license to operate issued May 21, 1974 and it was later renewed June 20, 2001.[8] It is licensed to operate through May 20, 2034.[9] Its nuclear reactor and turbine generator were supplied by Babcock & Wilcox and Westinghouse, respectively.[10] Unit One utilizes Lake Dardanelle as its source of cooling.[11]

Unit Two

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Unit Two has a generating capacity of 988 megawatts and began commercial operation on March 26, 1980.[12] ANO Unit 2 had its license to operate issued September 1, 1978 and it was later renewed June 30, 2005.[13] It is licensed to operate through July 17, 2038.[14] Its nuclear reactor and turbine generator were supplied by Combustion Engineering and General Electric, respectively.[15] Unit Two utilizes a recirculating-water system from a 447-foot tall cooling tower.[16]

Surrounding population

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The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 miles (16 km), concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km), concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.[17]

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 miles (16 km) of Arkansas Nuclear One was 44,139, an increase of 17.2 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 308,219, an increase of 13.3 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Russellville (6 miles to city center).[18]

Seismic risk

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The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Arkansas Nuclear One was 1 in 243,902, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.[19][20]

March 2013 incident

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On March 31, 2013, an industrial accident at the facility killed one person and injured eight other workers, including four seriously.[21] The accident took place "in a non-radiation area, and there was no risk to public health and safety." According to Entergy, the old stator of Unit One's generator fell during an operation to replace it. The falling component ruptured a water pipe, causing water infiltration into the plant's switchgear, which knocked out power to all of Unit One and one train of Unit Two's electrical system, which was online at the time. The electrical failure caused an automatic shutdown of Unit Two. The plant's emergency generators started and restored power to the emergency systems of both units. Unit One was in a refueling outage.[22] Emergency diesel generators, water pumps and feed water were functioning following a loss of all off-site power on Unit One, according to the NRC event notification.[23] The plant was placed under an "unusual event classification", which is the lowest of four emergency classification levels for abnormal events designated by the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which regulates American civil nuclear installations. One plant worker died, and ten other injuries required offsite medical treatment.[24] The company released an official statement of condolence.[25] Entergy announced that they would immediately commence repairs to Unit Two and hope to have the unit back online within several weeks. Entergy also acknowledged that Unit One would be offline for an extended time while the company surveyed the damage and established a timeline for repairs.[26]

The cost of the repairs was estimated at $95–120M, not counting additional costs to replace lost electricity from the reactors being down for four months. Both units were repaired, and started up on August 7, 2013, capable of returning to full power.[27] During the recovery from the incident a specialist engineering company named Lowther-Rolton [28] assisted with the recovery of the existing Stator and performed a "Technical Audit" (also called a "third-party review") of the engineering for lifting and installation of the new Stator to ensure safety of operations.

December 2013 incident

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On December 9, 2013, Unit Two was taken offline due to a transformer fire in the site switchyard.[29] The fire was contained without injuries or threats to safety.[30]

Potentially defective reactor vessel head

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In December 2016, it was disclosed that a certificate of conformity for Unit 2's steel reactor vessel head, supplied by Creusot Forge, had been forged by the manufacturer, violating safety standards and potentially undermining the vessel head's mechanical ability to withstand sudden breakdown in certain conditions if excess carbon is present inside the steel.[31]

Electricity Production

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Generation (MWh) of Arkansas Nuclear One[32]
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual (Total)
2001 1,028,544 1,214,538 1,030,901 1,109,159 1,321,506 1,285,171 1,268,434 1,318,324 1,286,283 1,333,381 1,243,740 1,340,808 14,780,789
2002 1,334,355 1,209,239 1,340,682 874,937 1,223,077 1,334,145 1,366,828 1,369,798 1,264,140 806,874 1,081,735 1,353,074 14,558,884
2003 1,392,464 1,255,772 1,390,876 1,340,183 1,370,443 1,333,879 1,333,266 1,232,981 970,683 1,026,829 1,008,188 1,033,852 14,689,416
2004 1,395,055 1,217,141 1,393,030 1,130,194 1,095,428 1,158,530 1,374,523 1,347,985 1,262,403 1,340,639 1,347,577 1,387,346 15,449,851
2005 1,394,772 1,259,865 832,029 1,049,398 1,385,659 1,329,546 1,365,357 1,364,550 1,315,097 826,104 724,688 842,506 13,689,571
2006 1,385,978 1,260,384 1,393,467 1,336,107 1,383,699 1,331,337 1,369,027 1,364,180 1,043,262 650,678 1,320,087 1,394,371 15,232,577
2007 1,237,445 1,224,840 1,381,539 1,142,613 979,493 1,330,868 1,372,259 1,363,174 1,328,057 1,383,098 1,348,837 1,393,879 15,486,102
2008 1,392,764 950,562 1,008,754 1,052,889 1,359,120 1,330,655 1,334,646 1,369,191 1,335,231 1,264,610 725,939 1,043,730 14,168,091
2009 1,299,968 1,061,366 1,263,194 1,327,697 1,384,658 1,324,270 1,367,745 1,367,043 722,353 1,386,355 1,348,054 1,317,263 15,169,966
2010 1,390,277 1,195,655 1,164,159 763,131 1,334,143 1,319,429 1,360,698 1,140,888 1,241,627 1,381,429 1,343,025 1,388,217 15,022,678
2011 1,388,972 1,042,029 744,129 1,211,272 1,170,352 1,324,499 1,360,016 1,363,510 1,326,879 1,015,457 876,492 1,370,838 14,194,445
2012 1,368,457 1,298,712 1,380,613 1,331,220 1,371,675 1,321,157 1,356,813 1,314,553 890,220 1,128,270 1,342,763 1,388,678 15,493,131
2013 1,388,982 1,255,342 1,148,164 25,775 743,235 713,416 735,251 1,108,587 1,295,723 1,351,312 1,342,172 837,298 11,945,257
2014 1,125,915 1,254,400 1,386,611 1,159,812 440,492 994,361 1,365,971 1,359,799 1,321,119 1,376,162 1,339,659 1,353,958 14,478,259
2015 1,209,164 669,295 1,346,468 1,325,116 1,371,776 1,317,354 1,343,777 1,329,421 1,041,409 626,728 949,411 1,307,875 13,837,794
2016 1,386,411 1,104,525 1,314,744 1,326,812 1,347,755 1,314,652 1,353,779 1,359,698 1,076,184 78,277 708,685 1,049,500 13,421,022
2017 1,279,925 1,192,231 951,634 517,508 215,385 603,705 1,136,533 1,364,011 1,324,909 1,378,210 1,339,682 1,387,346 12,691,079
2018 1,374,056 1,251,706 1,214,195 722,323 841,725 1,025,537 1,289,468 1,315,837 952,746 632,419 811,046 1,289,760 12,720,818
2019 1,389,566 1,243,888 1,364,841 1,332,697 1,200,079 596,530 660,202 1,352,797 1,309,963 826,357 910,614 1,387,413 13,574,947
2020 1,385,498 1,298,300 942,612 791,161 1,362,478 1,289,240 1,357,755 1,362,357 1,324,716 1,381,546 1,263,157 1,304,229 15,063,049
2021 1,369,932 1,207,132 1,278,617 879,267 1,180,383 1,321,283 1,360,876 1,336,743 1,054,545 632,672 602,702 1,331,532 13,555,684
2022 1,389,063 1,254,475 1,386,441 1,333,483 1,376,758 1,317,518 1,355,146 1,359,939 1,229,466 841,006 721,750 758,652 14,323,697
2023 1,364,106 1,202,680 1,364,559 888,097 815,421 1,290,517 1,340,934 1,355,785 1,287,772 1,380,398 1,342,808 1,339,404 14,972,481
2024 1,389,059 1,295,732 1,388,015 1,253,382 922,797 1,319,886 1,358,746 1,359,413 --

See also

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References

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  1. ^ U.S. Energy Information Administration (26 April 2012). "EIA - State Nuclear Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. ^ "U.S. Nuclear Operating Plant Basic Information". Nuclear Energy Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  3. ^ "Arkansas and Nuclear Energy" (PDF). Nuclear Energy Institute. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  4. ^ [1], Entergy Nuclear.
  5. ^ [2], Entergy Nuclear.
  6. ^ [3], Entergy Nuclear.
  7. ^ [4], Entergy Nuclear.
  8. ^ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  9. ^ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  10. ^ [5], Entergy Nuclear.
  11. ^ [6], Entergy Nuclear.
  12. ^ [7], Entergy Nuclear.
  13. ^ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 2, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  14. ^ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 2, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  15. ^ [8], Entergy Nuclear.
  16. ^ [9], Entergy Nuclear.
  17. ^ "NRC: Emergency Planning Zones". United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  18. ^ "Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors". NBC News. 2011-04-14. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  19. ^ "What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk". NBC News. 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  20. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2011-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ^ "U.S. NRC Event Notification Report for April 1, 2013 (Event Number: 48869)". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  22. ^ "One dead, three injured in Arkansas nuclear plant accident". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  23. ^ "U.S. NRC Event Notification Report for April 1, 2013 (Event Number: 48869)". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  24. ^ ""Root Cause Evaluation Report, Unit 1 Main Turbine Generator," Entergy Operations, Arkansas Nuclear One" (PDF).
  25. ^ "Breaking News Stories from US and Around the World - MSN News". www.msn.com.
  26. ^ http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2013/04/04/entergy-plans-for-restart-unit-2-at-arkansas-nuclear-plant/ [dead link‍]
  27. ^ "Arkansas back in action - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org.
  28. ^ "Structural Engineering Consultants, Heavy Lift Consultants, Marine & Petrochemical UK". www.lowther-rolton.com.
  29. ^ "Transformer Fire Takes Down Nuclear Plant". www.powermag.com. 2013-12-12.
  30. ^ "Arkansas Matters News". 15 November 2023.
  31. ^ "NRC Request for Information on AREVA Creusot Forge Forgings in U.S. Components and Carbon Segregation Issues" (PDF). 15 December 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Electricity Data Browser". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
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