Wikipedia

BMW i

The BMW i is a sub-brand of BMW founded in 2011 to design and manufacture plug-in electric vehicles.[1][2] The company initially released two vehicles: the i3 all-electric car and the i8 plug-in hybrid. The all-electric iX3 SUV was released in late 2020, while iX SUV and the i4 all-electric liftback sedan followed later in 2021.[3][4]

BMW i
Company typeDivision
IndustryAutomotive industry
Founded2011
ProductsPlug-in electric vehicles
ParentBMW
Websitewww.bmw.de/de/neufahrzeuge/bmw-i.html

Concept versions of both the i3 and i8 were shown at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.[5] It was also featured during a BMW World event, where the company's top automobiles were showcased. The company announced their commitment to build it by 2013.[6] Series production of the BMW i3 for retail customers began in September of that year,[7] and the European market launch took place in November 2013, with the first retail deliveries in Germany.[8] The BMW i8 was launched in Germany in June 2014.[9] The United States, Norway, Germany, and the UK are the main markets for both models. During the launch, Tesla has been on sale for just over a year in the US market.[6]

In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which is being given to all BMW plug-in hybrid vehicles from July 2016.[10][11] The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from BMW i to the BMW core brand.[12] As of June 2021, seven BMW electrified models have been released using BMW i technology, the X1 xDrive25e, X3 xDrive30e, X5 xDrive45e, 225xe Active Tourer, 320e/330e iPerformance, 520e/530e/545e iPerformance, and 745e/745Le iPerformance.[13] The Mini Cooper S E Countryman ALL4 plug-in hybrid also shares the i technology.

Combined global sales of BMW Group electrified vehicles achieved the 500,000th unit milestone in December 2019, including BMW i, iPerformance, xDrive, and MINI brand electrified cars.[14] Global sales of all variants of the BMW i3 reached over 165,000 units delivered at the beginning of 2020.[15] Production of the BMW i8 ended in June 2020, with worldwide sales of more than 20,000 units.[16]

History

edit

Project i: BMW i3 and Life-Drive

edit

BMW's "Project i" is a program created to develop lightweight eco-friendly urban electric car concepts designed to address the mobility and sustainability needs for people who live in megacities.[1][2] According to BMW, "Project i" has three phases. The Mini E demonstration was the first phase of this project, and it was followed by a similar field testing that began in January 2012 with the BMW ActiveE all-electric vehicle. The ActiveE was based on the BMW 1 Series Coupe and built considering the lessons learned from the Mini E trial. The last phase of "Project i" was the development of the i3 and i8 electric cars.[1][17][18]

The automaker expected that its first series production all-electric drive vehicle would help it achieve an overall fleet fuel economy average of 6.63 L/100 km (35.5 mpg) by 2016, as mandated by U.S. federal regulations. BMW expected high volume sales of the i3 to allow the company to continue selling several of its high-performance cars with low fuel economy in the U.S.[17]

 
BMW i Park Lane showroom in London.

In February 2011, BMW announced a new sub-brand, BMW i, to market the vehicles produced under Project i. BMW i vehicles are to be sold separately from BMW or Mini. The first two production models are the BEV (battery electric) Mega City Vehicle, now called BMW i3, and a plug-in hybrid called BMW i8, which is the production version of the Vision Efficient Dynamics concept unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show and has an all-electric range of 50 kilometres (31 mi). Production of both plug-in electric cars was scheduled to start in Leipzig in 2013.[19][20]

Global i3 sales passed the 25,000 unit milestone in May 2015.[21] Combined global sales of the BMW i brand models passed the 30,000 mark in June 2015,[22] and the 50,000 unit milestone in January 2016.[23] Global sales of the BMW i3 achieved the 50,000 unit milestone in July 2016.[24]

As of December 2016, BMW expects a stable development in the plug-in electric market with low profits the next 5-7 years, until batteries have doubled their capacity,[25] with the goal to expand the share of its electrified models to between 15% and 25% of sales by 2025.[26][27]

By 2017, there were reports of Project i team members leaving BMW.[6] Its CFO, Stefan Krause left to assume the global finance officer position at Faraday Future and he was joined there by Ulrich Kranz, the Project i's former manager.[28][6] Krauze was also able to recruit an i-model designer, Karl Thomas Neuman while Carsten Breitfeld, the i8 development manager, left to join Byton as CEO.[6]

Project i 2.0: BMW iX and CLAR

edit
 
Concept version of the BMW iX, the BMW Vision iNext, at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show.

In 2017, BMW cancelled development of the third distinct model for the BMW i range with the company focusing on electrifying models in the mainstream BMW range and the self-driving iNext.[29] Referred as "Project i 2.0", the iNext was developed to address key questions for the future of motoring, with a focus on electrification, connectivity and autonomy.[30] The BMW iX was unveiled as fully production-ready in November 2020.[31]

The electric models of the "Power of Choice" sustainability plan are based on the modular FAAR and CLAR architectures, where up to four different powertrain variants in each of its main model lines can be built on the same production line.[32] These models use the fifth-generation eDrive system that incorporates the electric motor, transmission and power electronics into a single compact central housing.[33] The BMW iX3 is the first model to be electrified and was unveiled in July 2020.[34] The BMW i4 was revealed in March 2021 and is sold in several variants at different performance levels.[35] The China-exclusive BMW i3, based on the long-wheelbase G28 3 Series, was revealed in March 2022.[36] The BMW i7 and BMW iX1 were unveiled in April 2022 and June 2022, respectively.[37][38] The BMW i5, in both sedan and wagon body style, were announced in March 2023 and unveiled in May 2023 and February 2024, respectively.[39][40] The BMW iX2 was revealed in October 2023.[41]

In 2019, BMW contracted Contemporary Amperex Technology and Samsung SDI to deliver lithium-ion cells for $10 billion over a decade, and BMW intends to supply them with cobalt and lithium to increase transparency.[42]

BMW presented the BMW i Hydrogen Next SUV, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the G05 X5, at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show.[43] BMW was testing the fuel cell technology with a road test fleet of F07 5 Series Gran Turismo in 2015.[44] Production of the hydrogen fuel cells for the iX5 Hydrogen began in September 2022,[45] and fewer than 100 vehicles were produced as part the pilot fleet.[46][47]

Project i 3.0: Neue Klasse

edit

There had been hints to a future electric-only platform;[48][49] BMW announced the Neue Klasse platform designed for electric powertrains arriving in 2025.[50] The new platform will switch to 46mm diameter cylindrical batteries (available in two heights of 95mm and 125mm) and use an 800V electrical architecture. The battery cells themselves will continue to use NMC chemistry and will be manufactured by existing partners CATL and EVE.[51] BMW confirmed that six models on the platform will be released between 2025 and 2027.[52] The variants of the "New Class" platform include:[53][54]

  • NAx for smaller models with rear wheel and all wheel drirve
  • NBx for front wheel and all wheel drive
  • NDx for premium class models with rear wheel and all wheel drive
  • ZAx for performance models in the BMW M series

Models with NAx will be available in 2025 und 2026, with plans for a new BMW i3 und BMW iX3. Models with NBx will be available in 2027 und 2028, including new types like BMW i1 und BMW i2.

The goal of the NMC battery line of the New Class over its predecessor is to get 30 % more range, 30 % faster charging, and cost reduction by 50 %.[55]

Stores

edit

The first BMW i store opened in June 2012 at BMW's London Park Lane showroom. The carmaker premiered an updated version of the BMW i3 concept electric car and unveiled its i Pedelec electric bicycle concept.[56] On 15 November 2013, retail deliveries for the i3 began with a special ceremony in Munich.[8]

Using eDrive in core-brand BMW models

edit
 
BMW 530e iPerformance

On 1 December 2014, BMW announced the group is planning to offer plug-in hybrid versions of all its core-brand models using eDrive technology developed for its BMW i brand plug-in vehicles. The goal of the company is to use plug-in technology to continue offering high performance vehicles while reducing CO2 emissions below 100g/km.[57] In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which will be given to all BMW plug-in hybrid vehicles from July 2016. The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from BMW i to the BMW core brand.[12]

Sales of BMW i and iPerformance designated plug-in hybrid drive models have grown strongly in Europe, accounting for 4% of all BMW vehicles sold in Western Europe in June 2016. The percentage is significantly higher in markets with strong incentives and infrastructural measures, such as Netherlands, with 14.9% of all BMW vehicles sold in June were BMW i or BMW iPerformance models, and Scandinavia with 13.2%. Combined global sales of BMW i or BMW iPerformance models totalled 23,675 units during the first half of 2016. This is the result of the expanded range of electrified models, which includes seven electrified models including plug-in hybrids. Sales of this type of vehicle during the first half of 2016 were just under 87% higher than the same period in 2015.[58] Combined global sales of BMW i and iPerformance plug-in hybrid models achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in early November 2016, three years after the inception of the BMW i3.[59]

 
Official fleet of BMW i3s and BMW i8s on duty at the 2016 Paris ePrix, France

Products

edit

As of 2022, Around 7 BMW i models are offered, the BMW i3 all-electric car with optional range-extender (REx), and the BMW i8 plug-in hybrid. As of March 2018, BMW i vehicles are sold in 74 countries.[60] In November 2016, BMW announced the company expected to deliver 60,000 of its electrified i and iPerformance models in 2016, and set a sales target of 100,000 units for 2017. BMW set the goal to expand the share of its electrified models to between 15% and 25% of sales by 2025.[61]

 
BMW i8 (left) and i3 (right) concept cars unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt International Motor Show.

The demand for BMW i and iPerformance vehicles increased significantly during the first half of 2016. In June 2016, 4% of all BMW sales in Western Europe were electrified cars,[62] and again in July 2016, the electrified models captured 4% of all BMW sales in the region.[63]

Global sales of all plug-in electrified models achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in early November 2016, consisting of more than 60,000 i3s, over 10,000 i8s, and about 30,000 from combined sales of all BMW iPerformance plug-in hybrid models.[59] Combined global sales of BMW's electrified models totalled more than 62,000 units in 2016,[64] and 103,080 in 2017, including MINI brand electrified vehicles.[65]

Global sales of BMW Group's electrified vehicles passed the 250,000 unit milestone in April 2018,[66] and the 300,000 mark in September 2018.[67] A total of 142,617 electrified vehicles were delivered worldwide in 2018, and 145,815 in 2019.[68][69] Since inception of the BMW i3, BMW Group cumulative global sales totalled 500,000 BMW and MINI electrified vehicles by mid December 2019.[14]

BMW i3

edit
Main article: BMW i3

Design and technology

edit
 
2017 BMW i3

The BMW i3 is an electric car, BMW's first zero emissions mass-produced vehicle. The i3 is the first volume production vehicle on the market featuring carbon-fiber reinforced plastic.[70] This vehicle gets its power from an electric motor powered by lithium-ion batteries. The i3 is built for everyday use, with an all-electric range of 130 to 160 km (81 to 99 mi). BMW is offering a range extender ("REx") option powered by a 647 cc two-cylinder gasoline engine with a 9 L (2.0 imp gal; 2.4 US gal) fuel tank that engages when the battery level drops to a pre-specified point, acting purely as a generator to produce electricity to extend the range to about 240 to 300 km (150 to 190 mi).[71]

According to BMW, at the beginning of the i3 release, the use of range-extender was much more than the carmaker expected, more than 60%. Over time it has decreased significantly, with some people almost never using it, and by early 2016 it is being regularly used in fewer than 5% of i3s.[72]

 
BMW i3 charging

In May 2016, BMW announced that the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 will come with an improved battery pack with 50% more capacity (33 kWh) than the previous model with a corresponding range increase expected to achieve 114 mi (183 km) under the EPA cycle, and 195 mi (314 km) under the New European Driving Cycle.[73][74] The Range Extender (REx) variant features the same higher capacity battery as the all-electric model, with a corresponding all-electric range increase.[73] Deliveries of the 2017 MY i3 in the U.S. market began in the third quarter of 2016.[75] Both variants with the improved battery are available in the UK starting in July 2016.[74]

Production

edit

BMW invested US$100 million to build a plant in Moses Lake, Washington to manufacture the carbon-fiber reinforced plastic used on the vehicles' body panels.[17] The plant is located in an area that has large access to hydroelectric power.[17] The carbon fibre is then shipped to Germany, where it first gets fabricated and is then shipped to the automotive production plant in Leipzig.[17] In October 2017 the BMW Group reported that the 100,000th BMW i3 had been built.[76] BMW sold its stake in the Moses Lake plant in 2017,[77] but continues to receive fibre from the plant.[78] As of December 2019, BMW plans to continue i3 production until 2024, and there are no plans for an i3 successor.[79] The 200,000th i3 was produced in the Leipzig plant on 15 October 2020.[80]

Markets and sales

edit

The first i3 deliveries to retail customers in Europe took place at the official market launch ceremony held in Munich on 15 November 2013.[8] The i3 was also launched in the UK in November 2013.[81] The release in the American market took place in May 2014.[82] As of November 2015, the core phase of the market introduction of the i3 was finished, with only some smaller markets are still to follow.[83]

 
Norway has the largest BMW i3 market penetration per capita in the world.[84]

The i3 ranked third among all-electric cars sold worldwide in 2014.[85][86] By mid-2014, Norway had the world's largest i3 market penetration per capita due to its population size,[84] BMW i3 sales grew from 16,052 units in 2014 to 24,057 in 2015,[87][88] allowing the i3 to rank for the second year in a row as the world's third best selling all-electric car. Also in 2015 the i3 ranked fifth among the world's top selling plug-in electric cars.[89] About 25,500 units were delivered worldwide in 2016, up 6% from 2015, allowing the BMW i3 to rank in 2016 for the third year running as the world's third best-selling all-electric car. In 2016 the i3 also ranked as the fifth top selling plug-in electric car.[90] Global sales totalled 31,482 i3s in 2017, and 34,829 in 2018.[65][68] All sales figures include the REx variant.

Since its introduction, global cumulative sales totalled about 65,500 units through December 2016, making the i3 the world's all-time third best-selling all-electric car after the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Model S. These figure includes REx sales.[90] The BMW i3 ranked as the top selling new passenger car model in Norway in November 2016, capturing a market share of 7.7% of total monthly new car sales.[91][92] As of November 2016, the i3 continued as the top selling BMW electrified model, and accounted for 60% of combined BMW i and BMW iPerformance models.[59]

BMW i3 sales since inception totalled more than 165,000 units delivered worldwide as of 2 January 2020.[15] The United States is the largest market with 41,988 units delivered through December 2019.[93] Norway is also a top market with 25,156 new units registered through mid-June 2020.[94] Sales in the UK 10,000 units in March 2018.[60]

BMW i8

edit
Main article: BMW i8
 
BMW i8 plug-in hybrid coupé
 
2018 BMW i8 Roadster

The BMW i8 plug-in hybrid was the production version of the BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics concept unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The i8 had an all-electric range of 35 km (22 mi). Powering the front wheels was an electric motor (131 hp), while the rear wheels made use of a 1.5-litre 3-cylinder gasoline engine (231 hp).[95] Zero to 60 mph sprint timings was estimated to be less than 4.5 seconds using both power sources.[5] The positioning of the motor and engine over the axles also makes it benefit from a 50/50 weight distribution.[95]

The production version of the i8 was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, together with the all electric BMW i3.[96] Since 2014 through 2019, the BMW i8 has been the safety car in the FIA Formula E Championship.[97]

The BMW i8 Roadster concept was unveiled at the 2012 Beijing Auto Show.[98] The production version of the BMW i8 Roadster was premiered in late 2017, and delivery of the first 18 exclusive first edition units took place in May 2018.[99]

The battery capacity of both models, coupé and roadster, was increased to a gross energy content of 11.6 kWh. This, and other improvements, made possible to rise the all-electric range to 55 km (34 mi) for the BMW i8 Coupé and 53 km (33 mi) for the BMW i8 Roadster, both under the NEDC.[97]

The 20,000th i8 was produced in December 2019, one of the limited Ultimate Sophisto Edition models. The production cycle ended with the last remaining units of the 200 Ultimate Sophisto Edition vehicles in June 2020.[16][97]

Markets and sales

edit

BMW expected the U.S. to be the largest sales market. In Europe, the UK, Germany and France are expected to be the top markets.[100] Retail deliveries began in Germany in June 2014.[9] Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. started in August 2014.[101]

As of December 2015, global sales totalled 7,197 i8s, of which, 1,741 units were sold in 2014, and 5,456 in 2015.[87][88] In 2015 global sales of the BMW i8 exceeded the combined figure of all other hybrid sports cars produced by other manufacturers.[102] Global cumulative sales reached more than 10,000 BMW i8s by early November 2016.[59] The U.S. was the top i8 market with 6,776 units sold through December 2019.[103] By March 2020, worldwide sales since inception totalled more than 20,000 units, making the i8 the world's top selling plug-in electric sports cars, and exceeding sales of all competitors in its segment combined.[97]

BMW iX

edit
Main article: BMW iX
 
BMW iX

The BMW iX is the first purpose-built electric vehicle by BMW since the i3 from 2013. The iX nameplate was chosen to signify the model's position at the top of the electric BMW i line-up and its role in showcasing technology. The electric platform is a "totally new development", though it is "highly compatible" with the modular CLAR platform.[104] BMW plans the iX to become the basis for fleets of fully autonomous vehicles for highway use, and eventually to be available as Robo-Taxis in cities.[105]

Life-Drive

edit

Both the i3 and i8 will benefit from BMW's Life-Drive platform which makes use of light-weight materials.[2] Both cars will come with an aluminium chassis, and in the case of the i8, the windshield, top, doors and fenders are made from polycarbonate glass, with the body having a drag coefficient of 0.26.[106]

EPA ratings

edit

The following are the BMW i3 (both 60 and 94 ampere hour per hour batteries) and i8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ratings for all-electric range and fuel economy.

BMW i3 EPA ratings[107][108][109][110][111][112][113]
Model Year
model		 Fuel/EV range Combined City/Highway Notes
i3 / i3s
(120 A·h) 		2019
2020 		153 mi (246 km) 113 mpg‑e
30 kWh/100 mi; 19 kWh/100 km		 124 / 102 mpg‑e
27 / 33 kWh/100 mi; 17 / 21 kWh/100 km
i3s
(94 A·h) 		2018 107 miles (172 km) 112 mpg‑e
30 kWh/100 mi; 19 kWh/100 km		 126 / 99 mpg‑e
27 / 34 kWh/100 mi; 17 / 21 kWh/100 km
i3 BEV
(94 A·h) 		2017
2018 		114 mi (183 km) 118 mpg‑e
29 kWh/100 mi; 18 kWh/100 km		 129 / 106 mpg‑e
26 / 32 kWh/100 mi; 16 / 20 kWh/100 km
i3 BEV
(60 A·h) 		2014
2015
2016
2017 		81 mi (130 km) 124 mpg‑e
27 kWh/100 mi; 17 kWh/100 km		 137 / 111 mpg‑e
25 / 30 kWh/100 mi; 15 / 19 kWh/100 km 		[a]
i3 / i3s REx
(120 A·h) 		2019
2020 		Electricity only:
126 mi (203 km) 		100 mpg‑e
34 kWh/100 mi; 21 kWh/100 km		 107 / 93 mpg‑e
32 / 36 kWh/100 mi; 20 / 23 kWh/100 km 		[b]
Gasoline only
72 mi (116 km) 		31 mpg‑US
7.6 L/100 km		 30 / 31 mpg‑US
7.8 / 7.6 L/100 km
i3 REx
(94 A·h) 		2017
2018 		Electricity only
97 mi (156 km) 		111 mpg‑e
30 kWh/100 mi; 19 kWh/100 km		 —
Gasoline only
83 mi (134 km) 		35 mpg‑US (6.7 L/100 km) -
i3 REx
(60 A·h) 		2014
2015
2016 		Electricity only
72 mi (116 km) 		117 mpg‑e
29 kWh/100 mi; 18 kWh/100 km		 97 / 79 mpg‑e
35 / 43 kWh/100 mi; 22 / 27 kWh/100 km
Gasoline only
78 mi (126 km) 		39 mpg‑US
6.0 L/100 km		 41 / 37 mpg‑US
5.7 / 6.4 L/100 km
BMW i8 EPA ratings [119][120]
BMW i8 Coupé
BMW i8 Roadster 		2019
2020 		Electricity only
18 mi (29 km) 		69 mpg‑e
49 kWh/100 mi; 30 kWh/100 km		 — [c]
Gasoline only
303 mi (488 km) 		27 mpg‑US
8.7 L/100 km		 26 / 29 mpg‑US
9.0 / 8.1 L/100 km
BMW i8 2014
2015
2016
2017 		Electricity only
15 mi (24 km) 		76 mpg‑e
44 kWh/100 mi; 28 kWh/100 km		 — [d]
Gasoline only
315 mi (507 km) 		28 mpg‑US
8.4 L/100 km		 28 / 29 mpg‑US
8.4 / 8.1 L/100 km
Notes:
  1. ^ Between May 2014 and October 2016 the all-electric BMW i3 60 A·h was the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle of all years regardless of fuel type.[114][115][116]
  2. ^ The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a series plug-in hybrid or EREV[107][109][117] while CARB as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx).[118] Since June 2014 the BMW i3 REx is the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle current year vehicle with a gasoline engine in terms of its MPG-e combined gasoline/electricity rating.[108]
  3. ^ The i8 did not use any gasoline for the first 18 miles in EPA tests. It may use gasoline depending on how you drive.
  4. ^ The i8 did not use any gasoline for the first 15 miles in EPA tests. It may use gasoline depending on how you drive. There is no 2018 model year rated.

BMW iPerformance

edit
 
The BMW X5 xDrive40e is a plug-in hybrid with an all-electric range of 23 km (14 mi) that uses BMW i cars technology.

Launched in Europe and the U.S. in 2015, the BMW X5 xDrive40e is the first plug-in hybrid released under the core BMW brand. The use of BMW's eDrive technology on the established X5 platform is a direct technology transfer from the BMW i cars, in particular, from the BMW i8 technology.[121]

In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which was given to all BMW plug-in hybrid vehicles from July 2016. The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from BMW i to the BMW core brand.[12] The first BMW car launched to the market with the "iPerformance" model designation was the BMW 330e iPerformance, initially named the 330e. Deliveries in the American market began in the second quarter of 2016.[122] The new designation was also used on the plug-in hybrid variants of the new BMW 7 Series, the BMW 740e iPerformance.[12] The iPerformance models have a BMW i logo on the front side panel, BMW i-style blue elements in the kidney grille and wheel hubs, and an eDrive logo on the C-pillar.[12]

As of November 2016, four BMW electrified models had been released, the BMW X5 xDrive40e, BMW 225xe Active Tourer, BMW 330e iPerformance, and the BMW 740e iPerformance.[123] The BMW 530e iPerformance was released in Europe March 2017 as part of the seventh generation BMW 5 Series line-up.[124] The Mini Cooper S E Countryman ALL4 plug-in hybrid was released in June 2017.[125] The BMW X1 xDrive25e crossover was introduced in January 2020.[126] The BMW X3 xDrive30e was released in Europe in the first quarter of 2020.[127] Sales of the BMW X2 xDrive25e crossover are slated to begin in Europe in July 2020.[128]

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c Lorio, Joe (May 2010). "Green: Rich Steinberg Interview: Electric Bimmer Man". Automobile Magazine. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  2. ^ a b c Patton, Phil (3 July 2010). "Envisioning a Small Electric BMW for the World's Very Big Cities". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  3. ^ Hyde, Ellis (9 June 2020). "New BMW iX3: specs, prices and on-sale date". DrivingElectric. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Launch Of BMW iX3 And i4 EVs Still On Track". 24 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  5. ^ a b Bailey, Shaun (13 September 2011). "BMW i3 Concept - 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e Pfeffermann, Nicole (2019). New Leadership in Strategy and Communication: Shifting Perspective on Innovation, Leadership, and System Design. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 422. ISBN 978-3-030-19681-3.
  7. ^ Blanco, Sebastian (18 September 2013). "BMW i3 starts production in Germany using local wind power, US carbon fiber". Autoblog Green. Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Cole, Jay (15 November 2013). "BMW Delivers First i3 Electric Vehicles in Germany Today". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b Loveday, Eric (6 June 2014). "World's First BMW i8 Owners Take Delivery in Germany". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  10. ^ Davies, Chris (26 December 2016). "2016 BMW 330E Review: The Secret Plugin Hybrid". SlashGear. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  11. ^ Stoklosa, Alexander (16 February 2016). "BMW Announces "iPerformance" Moniker for Plug-In Hybrids". Car and Driver. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e "BMW at the 86th Geneva International Motor Show 2016" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 12 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  13. ^ "BMW Plug-in Hybrid Models". BMW Group. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020. The 330e and 530e are available as sedan or saloon and wagon or touring trims.
  14. ^ a b "Delivered as promised: Half a million electrified BMW Group vehicles already on the roads" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020. the BMW Group has reached another electromobility milestone and already delivered half a million electrified cars to customers worldwide.
  15. ^ a b "Six years of BMW i3: Electric vehicle pioneers drive over 200,000 km in their BMW i3" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 1 February 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020. Since its market launch, the BMW i3 has been the most widely sold electric vehicle in the premium compact segment with more than 165,000 units already sold worldwide
  16. ^ a b Kane, Mark (13 June 2020). "Coronavirus Extended Life Of BMW i8, But It's Over Now: Production Ends". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020. According to the German media, in total 20,448 i8 were built.
  17. ^ a b c d e Murphy, Tom (19 May 2010). "Mini E Only Beginning of BMW EV Strategy". Wards Auto. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  18. ^ "Mini Says Half of Last Year's Mini E Lessees Renewed for Another Year". Edmunds.com. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  19. ^ "BMW introduces new i sub-brand, first two vehicles i3 and i8; premium mobility services and new venture capital company". Green Car Congress. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  20. ^ "BMW's "CO2 Champion" Performance Concept is a Plug-in Diesel Hybrid; 50 km/31-mile All-Electric Range; Thermo-electric Generator for Waste Heat Recovery". Green Car Congress. 30 August 2009. Archived from the original on 26 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  21. ^ Cobb, Jeff (15 June 2015). "Three More Plug-in Cars Cross 25,000 Sales Milestone". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  22. ^ Boeriu, Horatiu (10 July 2015). "Worldwide sales of BMW i3 and i8 exceed 30,000 units in 2015". BMWBLOG. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2015. A total of 26,205 i3s and 4,456 i8s have been sold worldwide through June 2015. BMW i3 sales totaled 9,846 units during the first half of 2015.
  23. ^ Cobb, Jeff (15 February 2016). "BMW Sells its 50,000th i-Series Worldwide in January". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  24. ^ Cobb, Jeff (1 August 2016). "Renault Zoe and BMW i3 Join The 50,000 Sales Club". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  25. ^ Behrmann, Elisabeth (4 December 2016). "BMW Sees Battery Costs Causing Years of 'Tears' on E-Cars". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. the company expects it to take about seven years to double the amount of energy stored in a battery, which weighs about 230 kilograms (510 pounds) in the squat BMW i3 hatchback. "We simply have to walk through the valley of tears" to figure out how to save more money on producing battery-powered cars, [said] Stefan Juraschek, vice president of electric-powertrain development
  26. ^ Cremer, Andreas (13 November 2016). "BMW eyes 100,000 electric car sales in 2017: Sueddeutsche". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  27. ^ Behrmann, Elisabeth (10 November 2016). "BMW Labor Chief Urges CEO to Accelerate Electric-Car Rollout". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Mercedes parent Daimler AG and BMW both predict sales in the electric segment -- including plug-in hybrids and battery-only autos -- will account for as much as 25 percent of total deliveries in about 10 years. For BMW, that's potentially more than half a million cars based on 2015 sales of 2.25 million vehicles, and compares with a 2 percent share of deliveries now.
  28. ^ Logan, Bryan. "Cash-strapped electric-car startup Faraday Future is bringing in a BMW veteran to get its finances in order". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  29. ^ "BMW i5 Reportedly Canceled in Another Setback to a Once-Ambitious Idea". Jalopnik. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  30. ^ "New BMW Vision iNext previews 2021 autonomous SUV". Autocar. 15 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  31. ^ Lambert, Fred (11 November 2020). "BMW unveils iNEXT electric SUV, becomes 'BMW iX' with over 300 miles of range". Electrek. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  32. ^ "BMW to launch nine new electric cars by 2025". Autocar. Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  33. ^ "BMW 5th Generation EV & PHEV Drivetrain in Brief". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  34. ^ "This is it: the fully electric BMW iX3 SUV". Top Gear. 14 July 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  35. ^ "Here's your first look at the production BMW i4". Top Gear. 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  36. ^ Miller, Caleb (31 March 2022). "BMW i3 Returns, but as an Electric 3-Series Only for China". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  37. ^ Piet (21 April 2022). "BMW i7: charging against the Mercedes EQS". Fleet Europe. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  38. ^ "2023 BMW X1 revealed with electric iX1 option, confirmed for Australia". Drive. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  39. ^ "2024 BMW i5 Gives EV Shoppers a 5-Series, Including the Most Powerful One". Car and Driver. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  40. ^ Johnson, Peter (7 February 2024). "BMW introduces gorgeous i5 Touring, its first all-electric luxury wagon, but not in the US". Electrek. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  41. ^ "2024 BMW X2 Debuts With Coupe-Like Roofline, Up To 312 HP, And iDrive 9". Motor1.com. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  42. ^ Lambert, Fred (22 November 2019). "BMW secures $10 billion in battery cell supply for its upcoming electric cars". Electrek. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  43. ^ Gulde, Dirk (10 September 2019). "BMW I-Hydrogen Next: Wasserstoff-X5 kommt in drei Jahren". auto motor und sport (in German). Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  44. ^ Michael (16 September 2019). "Wasserstoffauto BMW i Hydrogen NEXT auf der IAA". Elektroauto-News.net (in German). Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  45. ^ Ramey, Jay (1 September 2022). "BMW Begins Production of Fuel Cells for iX5 SUV". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  46. ^ "2023 BMW iX5 Hydrogen Is a Key Niche Player". Car and Driver. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  47. ^ Morris, James. "BMW IX5 Hydrogen First Drive: The Car H2 Has Been Waiting For?". Forbes. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  48. ^ "BMW Is Playing It Safe With Electric Cars, and Its Development Chief Makes No Apologies For That". Jalopnik. 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  49. ^ "BMW works council backs electric-only platform". Automotive News Europe. 26 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  50. ^ Stegmaier, Patrick Lang, Gerd (18 March 2021). "Technik-Offensive bei BMW: Neue Klasse, aber kein Verbrenner-Ende". auto motor und sport (in German). Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ Morris, James. "BMW Plans EV Battery Dominance With New Gen6 Cylindrical Cell". Forbes. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  52. ^ "BMW To Launch At Least Six Neue Klasse EVs In First 24 Months". InsideEVs. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  53. ^ Stefan Leichsenring (24 June 2024). "BMW 1er und 2er mit Elektroantrieb auf Basis der Neuen Klasse". Inside EVs.
  54. ^ Stefan Leichsenring (17 April 2024). "Neue Klasse: Alles, was zur neuen BMW-Plattform bekannt ist" (in German). Inside EVs.
  55. ^ BMW: Erfolgreiche Batterie-Strategie? Dr. Peter Lamp (BMW). Geladen Batteriepodcast. 21 July 2024. starting 23m – via Youtube.
  56. ^ Ozler, Levent (13 June 2012). "First BMW i Store Opens in London: New BMW i3 Concept and BMW i Pedelec Concept". Dexigner. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  57. ^ Loveday, Eric (1 December 2014). "BMW Commits To Offering Plug-In Hybrid Versions Of All Core-Brand Models". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  58. ^ "BMW Group continues its course of profitable growth" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  59. ^ a b c d "Three years since the market launch of BMW i. 100,000 electrified BMW on the road" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016. Three year after the market launch of the BMW i3, the BMW Group has delivered more than 100,000 purely electric-powered cars and plug-in hybrids to customers worldwide. The BMW i3 alone has reached more than 60,000 units, making it the most successful electric vehicle in the premium compact segment. The BMW i8 ranks first among electrified sports cars, with more than 10,000 delivered since the middle of 2014. Additionally, there are the approximately 30,000 iPerformance plug-in hybrids sold.
  60. ^ a b "BMW celebrates 10,000 BMW i3 sales in the UK" (Press release). London: BMW Group. 27 March 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  61. ^ Cremer, Andreas (13 November 2016). "BMW eyes 100,000 electric car sales in 2017: Sueddeutsche". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  62. ^ "BMW Group sales achieve best-ever June result" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 12 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  63. ^ "BMW Group sales grow steadily for best-ever July" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  64. ^ "BMW Group achieves sixth consecutive all-time sales high and remains world's leading premium car company" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  65. ^ a b "Record sales for BMW Group worldwide during 2017 while it boosts the Premium car market in Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean" (Press release). Mexico City: BMW Group. 25 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018. The BMW Group delivered a total of 103,080 plug-in electric cars in 2017 worldwide, including MINI plug-in hybrid models. Of these, 31,482 were i3s.
  66. ^ "More than a quarter of a million electrified BMW Group vehicles on the roads after strong April sales growth" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  67. ^ "BMW Group grows sales in first three-quarters of 2018" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  68. ^ a b "BMW Group remains world's leading premium automotive company in 2018" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019. A total of 142,617 electrified BMW and MINI vehicles were sold around the world in 2018. BMW i3 sales increased by 10.6% in 2018 with a total of 34,829 delivered worldwide.
  69. ^ "New all-time high for BMW Group deliveries in 2019 confirms position as world's leading premium car company" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. A total of 145,815 electrified BMW and MINI vehicles were sold around the world in 2019. Combined BMW i3 and i8 sales totaled 42,073 delivered worldwide.
  70. ^ "BMW Group: Megacity Vehicle to launch in 2013" (Press release). BMW Group. 22 April 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  71. ^ Cole, Jay (29 July 2013). "BMW i3 Range Extender To Offer Up to 87 More Miles, Decreases Performance". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  72. ^ Duff, Mike (8 March 2016). "BMW i Chief: Larger i Models Will Offer Optional Range-Extender". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  73. ^ a b "The new 2017 BMW i3 (94 Ah): More range paired to high-level dynamic performance" (Press release). Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey: BMW Group. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016. The most important single market for the purely electric five door BMW i3 is the U.S.
  74. ^ a b Lilly, Chris (2 May 2016). "New BMW i3 gets 195-mile range". Next Green Car UK. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  75. ^ Siler, Steve (May 2016). "2017 BMW i3: Now with More Electric Range". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  76. ^ Kane, Mike (28 October 2017). "Major Milestone: BMW i3 #100,000 Rolls Off Assembly Line". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  77. ^ FEATHERSTONE, CHARLES H. (4 December 2017). "SGL Group buys BMW stake in Moses Lake Carbon fiber plant". columbiabasinherald.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  78. ^ "BMW chooses SGL Carbon as supplier for iNEXT". compositesworld.com. 18 December 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  79. ^ "BMW i3 wird noch bis 2024 weitergebaut" [BMW i3 will continue to be built until 2024] (in German). ecomento.de. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  80. ^ "First of its kind and innovation driver for sustainable mobility: 200 000 BMW i3 produced to date" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  81. ^ "The new BMW i3 - Press pack". BMW Group. 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  82. ^ Loveday, Eric (2 May 2014). "BMW Announces Delivery Of First US i3". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  83. ^ "The BMW i3 turns two. Time for an interim review. In Germany the BMW i3 has been the best-selling electric car since it was launched. In the worldwide ranking it stands third" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  84. ^ a b Ciferri, Luca (6 June 2014). "BMW sales boss bullish on 'born electric' range". Automotive News Europe. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  85. ^ "Statement and presentation by Dr. Norbert Reithofer, Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG, Annual Accounts Press Conference in Munich on 18 March 2015" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  86. ^ Cobb, Jeff (10 February 2015). "2014's Top-10 Global Best-Selling Plug-in Cars". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015. A total of 16,052 i3s were sold in 2014, with global cumulative sales since their introduction totaling 17,529 units through the end of 2014.
  87. ^ a b "BMW Group sells more than 2 million vehicles in 2014" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2015. A total of 16,052 i3s and 1,741 i8s were sold in 2014.
  88. ^ a b "BMW Group achieves fifth consecutive record sales year" (Press release). Detroit/Munich: BMW Group. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016. A total of 29,513 BMW i brand units were delivered to customers worldwide in 2015, up 65.9% from 2014, consisting of 24,057 BMW i3s and 5,456 BMW i8s.
  89. ^ Cobb, Jeff (12 January 2016). "Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016. The Tesla Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 (50,366), followed by the Nissan Leaf (about 43,000), the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (about 39,000), the BYD Qin (31,898) and the BMW i3 (24,057).
  90. ^ a b Cobb, Jeff (26 January 2017). "Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year in a Row". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  91. ^ "Bilsalget i november" [Car sales in November] (in Norwegian). Norwegian Road Federation (OFV). 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016. Click on "Modellfordelt" to display the top 20 selling new cars in Norway: BMW i3 registrations totaled 3,540 units during the first eleven months of 2016
  92. ^ Hegvold, Ola (2 December 2016). "BMW med elbil-sjokk i november" [BMW with electric vehicle shock in November]. Adressa (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  93. ^ Kane, Mark (11 January 2020). "The Top 10 Plug-In Electric Cars in U.S. - 2019 Edition". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  94. ^ "Cumulative EV registrations by Make and model". Elbil Statistikk. 17 May 2020. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. As of 12 June 2020, cumulative BMW i3 registrations totaled 26,483 cars, of which, 1,327 were used imports.
  95. ^ a b "BMW Group presents prototype of i8 plug-in hybrid; first use of new 3-cylinder engine". Green Car Congress. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  96. ^ Lienert, Anita (2 August 2013). "2015 BMW i8 Set for Debut at 2013 Frankfurt Auto Show". Edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  97. ^ a b c d "The BMW i8: From vision to icon, from bestseller to classic of the future" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2020. With more than 20 000 units sold since 2014, it achieved higher sales than all competitors in its segment combined.
  98. ^ Sage, Alexandria (14 October 2016). "BMW will add plug-in hybrid i8 roadster in 2018". Automotive News Europe. Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  99. ^ Kane, Mark (23 May 2018). "First 18 BMW i8 Roadster 'First Edition' Cars Get Delivered". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  100. ^ Krix, Pia (9 August 2013). "BMW sees U.S., UK, Germany as top markets for i8". Automotive News Europe. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  101. ^ Loveday, Eric (16 August 2014). "BMW Delivers First US i8". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  102. ^ Bruce, Chris (12 February 2016). "Protonic Red BMW i8 will bow in Geneva". Autoblog.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2016. See details in the original BMW press release.
  103. ^ Kable, Greg (11 March 2020). "BMW i8 to Cease Production in April". WardsAuto. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  104. ^ "BMW iX is brand's new 500bhp electric flagship". Autocar. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  105. ^ "BMW Teams Up With Intel, Mobileye for Autonomous Car by 2021". Bloomberg.com. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  106. ^ Hong, Patrick (2010). "Future Vision". Road & Track. 61 (7): 40–45.
  107. ^ a b "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV & 2014 BMW i3 REx". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 4 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  108. ^ a b "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, 2017 Model Year)". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2016. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "EPA Rated – All Years. The 2013–2014 Chevrolet Volt has a combined fuel economy of 62 MPG-e.
  109. ^ a b Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2014 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. pp. 33, 36. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  110. ^ "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  111. ^ "Compare Side-by-Side: 2019/20 BMW i3 BEV & 2019/20 BMW i3s BEV". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  112. ^ "Compare Side-by-Side: 2019/20 BMW i3 REx & 2019/20 BMW i3s REx". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  113. ^ Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2020 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  114. ^ "Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2016. The 2014–16 BMW i3 BEV was the most efficient EPA-certified vehicles considering all fuels and of all years until November 2016, when it was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric. As of November 2016, the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco hybrid car is most efficient EPA-certified vehicle with a gasoline engine without plug-in capability.
  115. ^ Edelstein, Stephen (21 November 2016). "Hyundai Ioniq Electric beats Prius Prime, BMW i3 on energy efficiency". Green Car Reports. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  116. ^ Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  117. ^ Voelcker, John (1 May 2014). "2014 BMW i3 Electric Car Rated at 81 Miles, 124 MPGe: BREAKING". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 1 May 2014. See details in EPA window sticker.
  118. ^ Voelcker, John (2 May 2014). "2014 BMW i3 Range-Extended Model Gets Full $2,500 CA Rebate For Electric Cars". Green Car Reports. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  119. ^ "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014/2015/2016/2017 BMW i8". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  120. ^ "Compare Side-by-Side: 2019/2020 BMW i8 Coupe and 2019/2020 BMW i8 Roadster". fueleconomy.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  121. ^ Borroz, Tony (16 March 2015). "The BMW X5 xDrive40e, a plug-in hybrid SUV from Bavaria". Gizmag.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  122. ^ Millikin, Mike (22 March 2016). "BMW prices 330e iPerformance PHEV in US starting at $44,695; 14 miles AER". Green Car Congress. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  123. ^ "Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how". BMW Group. November 2016. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  124. ^ Cole, Jay (13 October 2016). "BMW 530e iPerformance Debuts, Arrives in March – Specs, Video". InsideEVs.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  125. ^ "BMW Group sales achieve best-ever start to the year" (Press release). London: BMW Group. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  126. ^ "Introducing the new BMW X1 xDrive25e – followed by the BMW X2 xDrive25e" (Press release). BMW Group. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  127. ^ Boeriu, Horatiu (7 April 2020). "BMW Group electric vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid sales increased 13.9% in Q1 2020". BMWBLOG. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  128. ^ Bruce, Chris (26 May 2020). "2021 BMW X2 xDrive25e PHEV Debuts With 217 HP, 35 Miles Of EV Range". motor1.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to BMW i.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_i&oldid=1243409288"