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Earl of Craven

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Earl of Craven, in the County of York, is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Earl of Craven
2nd Creation
Arms of the Earl of Onslow
Arms of Craven, Earls of Craven: Argent, a Fess between six Crosses-Crosslet fitchée Gules. Crest: On a Chapeau Gules, turned up Ermine, a Griffin statant wings elevated Ermine, beaked and fore-membered Or. Supporters: On either side a Griffin wings elevated Ermine, beaked and fore-membered Or.
Creation date18 June 1801
CreationSecond
Created byKing George III
First holderWilliam Craven, 1st Earl of Craven
Present holderBenjamin Craven, 9th Earl of Craven
Heir presumptiveLt.-Cdr. Rupert Craven
Subsidiary titlesViscount Uffington
Baron Craven
StatusExtant
Former seat(s)Ashdown Park
Coombe Abbey
MottoVIRTUS IN ACTIONE CONSISTIT
(Virtue consists in action)
Earl of Craven
1st Creation
Creation date16 March 1664/5
CreationFirst
Created byCharles II
First holderWilliam Craven, 1st Earl of Craven
Last holderWilliam Craven, 1st Earl of Craven
Subsidiary titlesViscount Craven
Baron Craven (1626/7)
Baron Craven (1666)
StatusExtinct
Extinction date9 April 1697
Arms as 2nd Creation

History

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The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1664 in favour of the soldier William Craven, 1st Baron Craven, the eldest son of Sir William Craven, Lord Mayor of London in 1610. He was made Viscount Craven, of Uffington in the County of Berkshire, at the same time. Both titles were created with remainder to his kinsmen Sir William Craven and Sir Anthony Craven. Craven had already in 1627 been created Baron Craven, of Hamstead Marshall in the County of Berkshire, with remainder to his brothers John (later Baron Craven of Ryton) and Thomas. In 1665 he was also created Baron Craven, of Hamstead Marshall in the County of Berkshire, with remainder to his kinsman Sir William Craven, the son of Thomas Craven, who was the brother of the aforementioned Sir Anthony Craven. Thomas Craven was the grandson of Henry Craven, brother of the aforementioned Sir William Craven, father of the first Earl.

Baron Craven

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On the Earl of Craven's death in 1697, the barony of 1627 and the viscountcy and earldom became extinct. However, he was succeeded in the barony of 1665 according to the special remainder by his kinsman William Craven, the second Baron. He was the son of the aforesaid Sir William Craven, son of Thomas Craven. Lord Craven notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire. On the death of his younger son, the fourth Baron, the line of the second Baron failed. The late Baron was succeeded by his first cousin, the fifth Baron. He was the son of the Honourable John Craven, the younger brother of the second Baron. Lord Craven had earlier represented Warwickshire in the House of Commons. On his death, the title passed to his nephew, the sixth Baron, the son of Reverend John Craven. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire.

Earl of Craven, 2nd Creation

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His eldest son, the seventh Baron and first Earl, was a Major-General in the Army, and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire. In 1801, he was created Viscount Uffington, in the County of Berkshire, and Earl of Craven, in the County of York, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[1] This first Earl is not entirely forgotten – Harriette Wilson begins her famous memoir, "I shall not say why and how I became, at the age of fifteen, the mistress of the Earl of Craven." He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He was Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire. His son, the fourth Earl, was a Liberal politician and served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard in the Liberal administration of H. H. Asquith. As of 2010 the titles are held by his great-great-grandson, the ninth Earl, who succeeded his father in 1990 (who in his turn had succeeded his elder brother in 1983).

The courtesy title of the Earl's eldest son is Viscount Uffington.

Other family members

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Another member of the Craven family was the traveller Keppel Richard Craven (1779–1851). He was the third and youngest son of the sixth Baron Craven. Also, Louisa, Countess of Craven (1785–1860), wife of the first Earl of the 1801 creation, was a well-known actress.

Family seat

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The current family seat is Hawkwood House near Waldron, East Sussex. Previous family seats have included Hamstead Marshall Park and Lodge and Ashdown Park in Berkshire, and Coombe Abbey in Warwickshire. William Craven, 6th Baron Craven built Craven Cottage in 1780, later to become the home of Fulham F.C.. In Italy, in Varese, they lived at Villa Craven di Seyssel d'Aix starting from the mid-19th century.

Earls of Craven, first creation (1664)

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Barons Craven (1626; reverted)

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Earls of Craven, second creation (1801)

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Present peer

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Benjamin Robert Joseph Craven, 9th Earl of Craven (born 13 June 1989) is the only son of the 8th Earl and his wife Teresa Maria Bernadette Downes, a daughter of Arthur John Downes, of Black Hall, Clane, County Kildare, Ireland. On 30 August 1990 he succeeded his father as Earl of Craven, Viscount Uffington, and Baron Craven. [3] In 2003 he was living with his mother at Hawkwood House, Waldron, East Sussex.[4]

The heir presumptive and the only person in the line of succession to the earldom, is the present holder's first cousin three times removed, Lt.-Cdr. Rupert José Evelyn Craven (born 1926), son of Rupert Cecil Craven (1870–1959), the second son of the third earl.[5][4] He is married, but has no issue; after him, the sole remaining heir to the Craven barony is the present Earl's seventh cousin thrice removed, John Edmund Craven (born 1946), a fifth-great-grandson of Charles Craven, the youngest brother of the second Baron.[6]

Coat of arms

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Coat of arms of Earl of Craven
 
Coronet
A Coronet of an Earl
Crest
On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Griffin statant wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or
Escutcheon
Argent a Fess between six Cross Crosslets fitchée Gules
Supporters
On either side a Griffin wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or
Motto
Virtus In Actione Consistit (Virtue consists in action)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "No. 15375". The London Gazette. 13 June 1801. p. 659.
  2. ^ "Earl of Craven fears old curse and kills himself". The Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. 25 October 1983. p. A-9. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  3. ^ Peter W. Hammond, ed., The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1998), p. 218
  4. ^ a b Burke's Peerage, volume 1 (Burke's, 2003), page 947
  5. ^ Burke's Peerage, 106th edition, p.700
  6. ^ Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Craven, Earl of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 1020–1022. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.

Attribution

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