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Roman Catholic Diocese of Tournai

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The Diocese of Tournai (Latin: Dioecesis Tornacensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Belgium. The diocese was formed in 1146, upon the dissolution of the Diocese of Noyon and Tournai, which had existed since the 7th century.[1] It is now suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels. The cathedra is found within the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Tournai, which has been classified both as a major site for Wallonia's heritage since 1936[2] and as a World Heritage Site since 2000.[3]

Diocese of Tournai

Dioecesis Tornacensis

Diocèse de Tournai (French)
Bistum Tournai (German)
Bisdom Doornik (Dutch)
Aerial view of Tournai Cathedral
Location
CountryBelgium
Ecclesiastical provinceMechelen-Brussels
MetropolitanArchdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels
Coordinates50°36′26″N 3°23′18″E / 50.607195°N 3.388198°E / 50.607195; 3.388198
Statistics
Area3,796 km2 (1,466 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2020)
1,344,241
708,400 (52.7%)
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established6th Century
CathedralCathedral of Our Lady in Tournai
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopGuy Harpigny
Metropolitan ArchbishopJozef De Kesel
Map
The Diocese of Tournai, coextensive with the province of Hainaut
The Diocese of Tournai, coextensive with the province of Hainaut
Website
Website of the Diocese

History

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As early as the second half of the 3rd century St. Piat evangelized Tournai; some sources name him as the first bishop, but this remains unsubstantiated. At the end of the 3rd century Emperor Maximian rekindled persecutions, and St. Piat was martyred as a result.[4]

Barbarian invasions began shortly afterwards. These lasted from the end of the 3rd century till the end of the 5th century. St. Remigius used the good-will of the Frankish monarchy to organize the Catholic hierarchy in the North of Gaul. He confided the Diocese of Arras and Cambrai to St. Vaast (Vedastus), and founded the See of Tournai (c. 500), appointing as its titular Eleutherius.[4]

 
Medieval Catholic dioceses superimposed over modern-day Belgium. Tournai lies in the west.

It was probably its status of royal city which secured Tournai's early rise, only to lose its position as capital upon the departure of the Merovingian court. Nevertheless, it maintained its own bishops for nearly a century. Then, at about 626 or 627, under the episcopate of St. Achar, the sees of Tournai and Noyon were reunited, retaining however their separate structures. Tournai lost its privileges and was relegated to level of the neighbouring dioceses, such as Boulogne and Therouanne, Arras and Cambrai. The same ordinary held both sees for five hundred years. It was only in 1146 that Tournai received its own bishop.[4]

Notable bishops are: St. Eleutherius (beginning of 6th century); St. Achar (626/27 – 1 March 637/38); St. Eloi (641–660); Simon de Vermandois (1121–1146); Walter de Marvis (1219–1251), the great founder of schools and hospitals; Etienne of Tournai (1192–1203), godfather of Louis VII of France and minister to the queen; Andrea Chini Malpiglia (1334–42), cardinal and papal legate; Guillaume Fillastre (1460–1473), chancellor of the Golden Fleece; Michel de Warenghien (1283–1291), a very erudite doctor; Michel d'Esne (1597–1614), the author of several works. Raphael de Mercatellis (1487–1507), illegitimate son of Philip the Good and noted bibliophile, was auxiliary bishop of Tournai.[5]

During Spanish rule (1521–1667) the see continued to be occupied by natives of the country, but the seize of Tournai by Louis XIV in 1667 caused it to have a number of Frenchmen for bishop: Gilbert de choiseul duplessis praslin (1670–1689); François de La Salle de Caillebot (1692–1705); Louis Marcel de Coëtlogon (1705–1707); François de Beauveau (1708–1713). After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) the French were replaced by Germans: Johann Ernst, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1713–1731); Franz Ernst, Count of Salm-Reifferscheid (1731–1770); Wilhelm Florentine, Prince of Salm-Salm (1776–1794).

The reunion of the see with Noyon and the ensuing removal of the seat of the bishopric bolstered the chapter. The chapter's requirement to appoint only nobility and scholars, as set forth by the old régime, tended to attract the highly born and educated. Illustrious French and Belgian names are inscribed in the archive's registers and on the cathedral's tombstones. The cathedral, 439 feet (134 m) long by 216 feet (66 m) wide, is surmounted by 5 towers 273 feet (83 m) high. The nave and transept are Romanesque (12th century), while the choir is primary Gothic, begun in 1242 and completed in 1325.

Originally, the borders of the diocese arguably were those of the Civitas Turnacensium, as mentioned in the "Notice des Gaules". The prescriptions of councils and the interest of the Church both favoured such borders, and they were retained throughout the Middle Ages. The diocese then further extended along the left bank of the river Schelde, from the river Scarpe to the North Sea, with the exception of the Vier-Ambachten (Hulst, Axel, Bouchaute, and Assenede), which are said to have always belonged to the Diocese of Utrecht. The Schelde thus formed the natural border between the Dioceses of Tournai and Cambrai, cutting through the towns of Termonde, Ghent, Oudenarde, and Tournai itself. The North Sea seaboard between the Schelde and the Yser was wholly part of this perimeter. On the far side of the Yser resided the Diocese of Thérouanne, which bordered Tournai as far as Ypres. There began the Diocese of Arras, which bordered Tournai as far as the confluence of the Scarpe and the Schelde at Mortgne, France. This vast diocese was for a long time divided into three archdeaneries and twelve deaneries. The archdeanery of Bruges comprised the deaneries of Bruges, Ardenbourg, and Oudenbourg; the archdeanery of Ghent, the deaneries of Ghent, Roulers, Oudenarde, and Waes; the archdeanery of Tournai, the deaneries of Tournai, Seclin, Helchin, Lille, and Courtrai.

In 1559, to support the war against Protestantism, King Philip II of Spain obtained from Paul IV the foundation of a series of new dioceses. The ancient Diocese of Tournai was split up, with nearly two-thirds of its territory being cut away. The outlines of the archdeaneries of Bruges and Ghent formed the new diocese of Bruges and diocese of Ghent, and six parishes passed to the new diocese of Ypres. This situation lasted until the beginning of the 19th century. The French Revolution created the Department of Jemappes, which in 1815 became the Province of Hainaut, whose borders coincided with those of the Diocese of Tournai, after a concordat between the plenipotentiaries of Pius VI and the consular government of the republic. The Bishop of Tournai retained only two scores of the parishes formerly under his jurisdiction, but received on the right bank of the Schelde a number of parishes which, prior to the Revolution, had belonged to the Diocese of Cambrai (302), Namur (50), and Liège (50).

 
Tournai Cathedral
 
Rear view of Tournai Cathedral

Bishops

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To 1146

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  • 540 : St. Eleutherius of Tournai (Eleuthere)
  • c. 549 and 552 : Agrecius
  • 545 : Medardus
  • Then jointly with Noyon
  • c. 626–c. 638 : Acarius
  • 641–660 : Eligius
  • c. 661–c. 686 : Mummolenus
  • Gondoin
  • c. 700 : Antgaire
  • c. 715 : Chrasmar
  • c. 721 : Garoul
  • c. 723 : Framenger
  • c. 730 : Hunuan
  • c. 740 : Gui et Eunuce
  • c. 748 : Elisée
  • c. 756/765 : Adelfred
  • ?  : Didon
  • 769–c. 782 : Giselbert
  • c. 798/799 : Pleon
  • c. 815 : Wendelmarus
  • c. 830/838 : Ronegaire
  • c. 830/838 : Fichard
  • 840–860 : Immon
  • 860–879 : Rainelme
  • 880–902 : Heidilon
  • 909 : Rambert
  • 915–932 : Airard
  • †936 : Walbert
  • 937–950 : Transmar, Transmarus
  • 950–954 : Rudolf
  • 954–955 : Fulcher
  • 955–977 : Hadulphe
  • 977–988 : Liudolf of Vermandois
  • 989–997 : Radbod I
  • 1000–1030 : Hardouin
  • 1030–1044 : Hugo
  • 1044–1068 : Balduin
  • 1068–1098 : Radbod II
  • 1099–1112 : Baldric of Noyon
  • 1114–1123 : Lambert
  • 1123–1146 : Simon of Vermandois
  • Diocese split

1146 to 1500; bishops of Tournai

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1500 to 1800

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From 1800

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roman Catholic Diocese of Tournai.
  1. ^ "Tournai {Doornik} (Latin (or Roman) Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  2. ^ "L'ensemble de la Cathédrale Notre-Dame à l'exception de l'orgue de choeur (partie instrumentale et buffet)". Patrimoine Wallon (in French). Direction de la Protection - Région Wallone. Retrieved 7 July 2011. - n° 57081-CLT-0002-01 - 5 February 1936
  3. ^ "Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Warichez, Joseph. "Tournai." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 7 September 2019  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ Arnould, Alain (1988). "The Iconographical Sources of a Composite Manuscript from the Library of Raphael de Mercatellis". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 51: 197–209. doi:10.2307/751276. JSTOR 751276. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  6. ^ In a sequence of events complicated by the English capture of Tournai in 1514, the young Guillard, although nominated to the see in 1513, was replaced by Wolsey. An Anglo-French treaty of 1519 resolved the matter. Peter G. Bietenholz, Thomas Brian Deutscher, Contemporaries of Erasmus (2003), pp. 151–2.
  7. ^ (in French) fr:Edmond Dumont

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Tournai". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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