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Curator aedium sacrarum et operum locorumque publicorum

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The curator aedium sacrarum et operum locorumque publicorum (pl. curatores) was a political position in ancient Rome.[1][2][3][4] The name translates to 'curator of sacred buildings and public works'.[5] In surviving Roman inscriptions, the words aedium sacrarum are usually preceded by the word curator, but sometimes by resitutor or subcurator.[6][7] The name utilized for this office was not officially standardized in ancient Rome. Inscriptions use any combination of the words curator, aedium sacrarum, et operum, locorumque publicorum, and populi Romani to refer to the office.[8][9]

The Temple of Portunus, Rome. The curatores aedium would have been responsible for managing such buildings.

This position may have been reserved for a pair of senators typically of praetorian but sometimes of consular rank.[8][10][11] It is also possible the position was a local, municipal title; rather than an imperial position reserved for prominent politicians. One inscription records an individual named Julius Galerius Asper, who was allowed to hold this position before he had become a quaestor. Possibly due to his prestigious father,[12] although it could also mean that the position was not exclusively for high-ranking senators. This claim is evidenced by the omission of this title in other attestations to Asper. It has been argued that if the title was important to Roman politics, it would have been mentioned.[10]

Equestrians typically held the office of subcurator aedium sacrarum.[8][13] Although, one equestrian named Furius Octavianus is recorded during the third century as a curator.[14] One inscription from Bremenium mentions a subcurator operum publicorum who is the husband of a woman named Julia Lucilla. This may be Rufinus, who is mentioned as the husband of a Julia Lucilla in another inscription from Bremenium.[15] Equestrian subcurators were attached to the senatorial position of curator aedium sacrarum.[16]

It was established between 11 BCE and 14 CE by Augustus or Tiberius to manage the upkeep and construction of public works,[17][18][19] sacred places, and temples.[20][21][22][23] These tasks were previously accomplished by the aediles.[24][25] There were two curatores aedium sacrarum, and they only held their office for one year.[10][26] Sometimes one of the curators was tasked with managing the public works, while another one of the curators was tasked with managing the sacred buildings.[8] They used a workforce consisting of freedmen.[4] The position may not have continued existing after the Julio-Claudian dynasty.[27] It is also possible that it continued to exist, even into the Later Roman Empire, becoming known as the curator operum publicorum vir clarissimus by the time of Diocletian. They may have assumed responsibility for the management of imperial edifices during this time.[28]

List of known curatores aedium

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Name Date Reference
Quintus Varius Geminus Early parts of the reign of Tiberius [29]
Publius Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus Reign of Nero [30][31][32]
Marcus Hirrius Fronto Neratius Pansa Reign of Nero [33]
Gnaeus Pinarius Cornelius Clemens Reign of Vespasian [34][35]
Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus Reign of Domitian [36][37]
Salvius Julianus Reign of Trajan [38]
Gaius Bruttius Praesens Lucius Fulvius Rusticus Around 121 CE [39][40][41]
Publius Metilius Secundus Reign of Hadrian [41]
Gaius Vettius Sabinianus Julius Hospes Reign of Marcus Aurelius [42]
Lucius Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus 136 CE [43]: 289 
Marcus Aemilius Papus 138 CE [43]: 289 
Gaius Julius Severus Around 140 CE [43]: 323 
Claudius Maximus Around 144 CE [43]: 289 
Titus Statilius Maximus 146 CE [44]
Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo Around 151 CE [43]: 290 
Caecillius ...illianus Maximus 159 CE [5]
Marcus Servilius Fabianus Maximus 160 CE [43]: 290 
Marcus Iallius Bassus 161 CE [43]: 290 
Cingius Severus 183 CE [45][46][47]
Seius Superstes 193 CE [48][49]
Fabius Magnus 193 CE [49]
Gaius Julius Galerius Asper 197 CE [12][50][51]
Lucius Plotius Sabinus Reign of Caracalla [52]
Publius Catius Sabinus 210 CE [53]
Clodius Pompeianus 244 CE [53]
Cethegius Pelagius 280–340 CE [54]
Furius Octavianus Reign of Maxentius [14][55][56]

References

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  2. ^ Eck, Werner (1986), "Augustus' administrative Reformen. Pragmatismus oder systematisches Planen? –", Acta classica, 29.1986, pp. 105–120, retrieved 19 August 2022
  3. ^ Edmondson, Jonathan (24 March 2014). Augustus. Edinburgh University Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-7486-9538-6.
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  5. ^ a b Clausen, KB 2015, The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome: The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. p. 38
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  30. ^ CIL XI, 1340
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  32. ^ Hirt, Alfred Michael (25 March 2010). Imperial Mines and Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational Aspects 27 BC-AD 235. OUP Oxford. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-19-161440-8.
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  36. ^ Corbier, Mireille (1974). "L'aerarium saturni et l'aerarium militare. Administration et prosopographie sénatoriale". Publications de l'École Française de Rome. 24 (1): 377.
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  38. ^ Pearce, Richard John Hunter; Tomlin, Roger (2018). "A Roman military diploma for the German Fleet (19th November AD 150) found in northern England". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 206: 207–216. ISSN 0084-5388.
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  40. ^ "Inscription from Mactaris – Makthar (Africa Proconsularis)". edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  41. ^ a b Eck, Werner (1 January 1970). "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139". Chiron. Mitteilungen der Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (in German). 12: 281–362. doi:10.34780/9w21-9cli. ISSN 2510-5396.
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  54. ^ "Lost base for statue (subject unstated), re-erected by Cethegius Pelagius, curator of sacred buildings. Rome, Forum. 280–340". laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  55. ^ Giacomo, Giovanna (2019). "FURIUS OCTAVIANUS, CLARISSIMUS VIR, PROPRIETARIO DI UNA VILLA NEL SUBURBIO DI ROMA" (PDF). Archeologia Classica. Rivista del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’antichità Sezione di Archeologia: 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2023.
  56. ^ Giacomo, Giovanna Di (2019). "Furius Octavianus, clarissimus vir, proprietario di una villa nel suburbio di Roma". Archeologia Classica. 70: 747–756 – via Academia.edu.
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