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Daisuke Nanba (難波 大助, Nanba Daisuke, November 7, 1899 – November 15, 1924) was a Japanese student and member of the Japanese Communist Party who tried to assassinate the Crown Prince Regent Hirohito in the Toranomon incident on December 27, 1923.
Daisuke Nanba | |
|---|---|
 Namba displaying facial injuries sustained in police custody after attempting to kill Hirohito | |
| Born | November 7, 1899 |
| Died | November 15, 1924 (aged 25) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Known for | Toranomon incident |
| Political party | Japanese Communist Party |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Anti-monarchism Revenge for the Kantō Massacre |
| Conviction(s) | High treason |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
Family and early life
editDaisuke Nanba was born to a distinguished family. His grandfather was decorated by the Emperor Meiji. His father was a Member of the Imperial Diet until the act of his son forced him to resign. Before he was 21 years old, Nanba showed no signs of having any sympathy for left-wing radicals. To the contrary, he was considering becoming an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army.
Political thought
editAfter 1919, a series of events radicalized Nanba. At school in Tokyo, he attended political lectures and demonstrated in support of the suffrage movement in 1920. As a result of his father's position, he had the chance to hear Prime Minister Hara Takashi's opposition to extending the franchise. Angry against the politicians, he became more critical of his father's role and felt that some direct action was necessary. He began reading the works of Marx and Lenin as well as leftist magazines. In April 1921, he was affected greatly by Professor Kawakami Hajime's article on Russian Revolution. He was convinced that the revolution succeeded because dedicated militants made sacrifices. The following month's newspaper account about the High Treason Incident increased his indignation at the government. In late 1923, outraged by the massacre of Japanese leftists and Koreans in the aftermath of the Great Kanto earthquake, he made up his mind to carry out the assassination.[1]
Toranomon incident
editThe assassination attempt, known as the Toranomon incident, took place on December 27, 1923, at the Toranomon intersection between Akasaka Palace and the Diet of Japan in downtown Tokyo, Japan. Crown Prince and Regent Hirohito was on his way to the opening of the 48th Session of the Imperial Diet when Nanba fired a small pistol at his carriage. The bullet shattered a window on the carriage, injuring a chamberlain, but Hirohito was unharmed.[2]
Prosecution, execution and aftermath
editAlthough Nanba claimed he was rational (a view agreed upon in the court records), he was proclaimed insane to the public. On November 13, 1924, he was found guilty of high treason at an extraordinary session of the Supreme Court of Japan. When Chief Justice Yokota of the Supreme Court condemned Nanba to death, Nanba defiantly yelled back: "Long live the Communist Party of Japan!" He was executed by hanging two days later at Ichigaya Prison.[3]
His father and his married sister exiled themselves to Java, Dutch East Indies in order to escape the disgrace which Nanba, by his act, had brought upon the family.[4] The family reportedly changed its name to "Kurokawa".[5]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Mitchell, Richard H. (1973). "Japan's Peace Preservation Law of 1925: Its Origins and Significance". Monumenta Nipponica. 28 (3): 334. doi:10.2307/2383786. ISSN 0027-0741. JSTOR 2383786.
- ^ Bix, Herbert P. (2001). Hirohito And The Making Of Modern Japan. New York: Harper Perennial. pp. 140–141. ISBN 0-06-093130-2.
- ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1924: Daisuke Namba, for the Toranomon Incident". November 15, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
- ^ "Foreign News: Driven by Shame". Time. March 3, 1924.
- ^ "JAPAN: Noble Expiation". Time. July 12, 1926.