Wikipedia

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Anzorovich and the family name is Tsarnaev.

Dzhokhar "Jahar" Anzorovich Tsarnaev (born July 22, 1993) is an American terrorist of Chechen and Avar descent who perpetrated the Boston Marathon bombing. On April 15, 2013, Tsarnaev and his older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, planted pressure cooker bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon. The bombs detonated, killing three people and injuring 264 others.[6]

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev
Джохар Царнаев
Passport photo of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev released during 2013 manhunt
Born
Dzhokhar Anzorovich Tsarnaev

(1993-07-22) July 22, 1993 (age 31)
Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan[1] or Dagestan, Russia[2]
Other namesJahar Tsarnaev[3]
CitizenshipUnited States[4]
EducationCambridge Rindge and Latin School
Alma materUniversity of Massachusetts Dartmouth (incomplete mechanical engineering program)
Known forBoston Marathon bombing
Criminal statusIncarcerated at ADX Florence[5]
Parent(s)Anzor Tsarnaev (father)
Zubeidat Tsarnaeva (mother)
Relatives
Conviction(s)Use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a) (2 counts)
Use of a weapon of mass destruction (18 U.S.C. § 2332a) (4 counts)
Conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a)
Bombing a place of public use resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a) (2 counts)
Conspiracy to bomb a place of public use resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a)
Maliciously destroying property resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 844) (2 counts)
Conspiracy to maliciously destroy property resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 844)
Carjacking resulting in serious bodily injury (18 U.S.C. § 2119)
Use of a firearm during a crime of violence resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 924) (9 counts)
Use of a firearm during a crime of violence (18 U.S.C. § 924) (6 counts)
Interfering with commerce by threats or violence (18 U.S.C. § 1951)
Criminal penaltyDeath

On April 18, 2013, the FBI released images of the Tsarnaev brothers, stated that they were suspects in the bombing, and asked the public for help in identifying them. The Tsarnaev brothers later attacked and killed MIT Police Officer Sean Collier in an attempt to steal his weapon. During an ensuing shootout with police, Dzhokhar was injured and Tamerlan died. A Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police officer was critically injured in the course of the Tsarnaevs' escape. On the evening of April 19, after thousands of police officers conducted a manhunt in Watertown, Massachusetts, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found hiding in a boat in the backyard of a resident. Tsarnaev was shot and taken into custody.[7] During a subsequent interrogation, Tsarnaev said he and his brother intended to also detonate explosives in New York City's Times Square. He has said that his crimes were inspired, in part, by Anwar al-Awlaki.

Tsarnaev was tried and convicted of 30 counts and was sentenced to death. His death sentence was vacated on appeal in July 2020, but the U.S. Supreme Court reversed that decision in March 2022. As of 2024, he was being held on death row at ADX Florence federal supermax prison in Colorado.[8]

Personal background

edit

Early life and family

edit

Dzhokhar Anzorovich Tsarnaev was born on July 22, 1993[9] to Anzor Tsarnaev, a Chechen, and Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, an Avar. His older brother, Tamerlan, was born on October 21, 1986.[10][11][12] In the years following World War II, the Tsarnaev family had been forcibly moved from Chechnya by the Soviet Union to the Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan.[13] Anzor and Zubeidat moved peripatetically across Central Asia during the late 20th century.[14] In 1986, they were married in the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,[15] and Tamerlan was born there the next day.[16][17] Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was born in either Kyrgyzstan[1] or Dagestan,[2] in the Russian Federation.[18] The parents also had two daughters.[19] The family raised their children as Muslims;[20][21][22] after the attack, a relative described Anzor as a "traditional Muslim" who objected to extremism.[23]

Tsarnaev spent the first years of his life in Kyrgyzstan.[24][13] In 2001, the family moved to Makhachkala, Dagestan, in the Russian Federation.[25][4][26] In April 2002, the Tsarnaev parents and Dzhokhar went to the United States on a 90-day tourist visa.[27][28][29] Anzor Tsarnaev successfully[30] applied for asylum, citing fears of deadly persecution due to his ties to Chechnya.[31] Tamerlan had been left in the care of his uncle Ruslan in Kyrgyzstan[13] and arrived in the U.S. about two years later.[32] The parents then filed for asylum for their four children, who received "derivative asylum status".[33] They settled on Norfolk Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Tamerlan lived until his death.[34]

The family "was in constant transition" for the next decade.[13] Anzor Tsarnaev and Zubeidat Tsarnaeva both received welfare benefits.[35] Anzor worked as a backyard mechanic and Zubeidat worked as a cosmetologist[36] until she lost her job for refusing to work in a business that served men. In March 2007, the family was granted legal permanent residence.[32] Tsarnaev would eventually become a U.S. citizen while in college.[4][29][37] Zubeidat also became a U.S. citizen. Tamerlan was unable to naturalize expeditiously because an investigation against him held up the citizenship process.[38]

Early education

edit

Tsarnaev attended Cambridgeport Elementary School and Cambridge Community Charter School's middle school program.[39] At Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, a public high school, he was an avid wrestler and a Greater Boston League winter all-star.[4][34] He sometimes worked as a lifeguard at Harvard University.[40]

In 2011, he contacted Brian Glyn Williams, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, who taught a class about Chechen history, expressing his interest in the topic.[41] He graduated from high school in 2011[4] and the city of Cambridge awarded him a $2,500 scholarship.[34] His brother's boxing coach, who had not seen them in a few years at the time of the bombings, said that "the young brother was like a puppy dog, following his older brother."[42][43]

University education

edit

Tsarnaev enrolled at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth in September 2011. He majored in marine biology with the intent on becoming a director but later changed to nursing.[4][44]

Tsarnaev was described as "normal" and popular by some fellow students. Others described him as "creepy." His friends said he sometimes smoked marijuana,[45] liked hip hop, and did not talk about politics.[46] Many friends and other acquaintances at first found it inconceivable that he could be one of the two bombers,[41] calling it "completely out of his character".[47] He was not perceived as foreign, spoke American English without an accent,[46] was sociable, and was described by peers as "[not] 'them'. He was 'us'. He was Cambridge."[48]

On the Russian-language social-networking site VK, Tsarnaev described his "world view" as "Islam" and his personal priorities as "career and money".[34] He posted links to Islamic websites, links to videos of fighters in the Syrian civil war, and links to pages advocating independence for Chechnya.[49] Tsarnaev was also active on Twitter. According to The Economist, he seemed "to have been much more concerned with sport and cheeseburgers than with religion, at least judging by his Twitter feed";[50] however, according to The Boston Globe, on the day of the 2012 Boston Marathon, a year before the bombings, a post on Tsarnaev's Twitter feed mentioned a Quran verse often used by radical Muslim clerics and propagandists.[51]

In 2012, Arlington Police ran a warrant check on Tsarnaev and checked his green Honda when they were investigating a report of underage drinking at a party in Arlington Heights.[52]

At the time of the bombing, Dzhokhar was a sophomore living in the UMass Dartmouth's Pine Dale Hall dorm.[51][53] He was struggling academically, having a 1.09 GPA and receiving seven failing grades over three semesters, including Fs in Principles of Modern Chemistry, Introduction to American Politics, and Chemistry and the Environment[34] and had an unpaid bill of $20,000 to the university.[54] He also sold marijuana.[55]

2013 Boston Marathon bombing and aftermath

edit
Main article: Boston Marathon bombing

The 117th annual Boston Marathon was run on Patriots' Day, April 15, 2013. At 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), two pressure cooker bombs detonated about 210 yards (190 m) apart at the finish line on Boylston Street near Copley Square.[56][57][58][59] The explosions killed three spectators and injured 264 others.[60]

Tsarnaev continued to tweet after the bombings, and sent a tweet telling the people of Boston to "stay safe".[46][61] He returned to his university after the bombing and remained there until April 18, when the FBI released pictures of him and Tamerlan at the marathon. During that time, he used the college gym and slept in his dorm; his friends said that he partied with them after the attacks and looked "relaxed".[62]

Manhunt and additional crimes

edit

At 5:00 p.m. on April 18, three days after the bombing, the FBI released images of two suspects carrying backpacks, asking the public's help in identifying them.[63] The FBI-released images depicted Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.[62]

Hours after the FBI released photos of the two suspects in the bombing, Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev visited their family's apartment in Cambridge. There, they obtained five improvised explosive devices (IEDs), ammunition, a semiautomatic handgun, and a machete. The two brothers then drove to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[63]

On April 18, 2013, at 10:25 p.m., the Tsarnaev brothers ambushed Sean A. Collier of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department and shot him six times. Collier died from his injuries.[63] The shooting occurred as part of a failed attempt to steal Collier's gun. The brothers then traveled to the Boston neighborhood of Allston. There, the brothers carjacked an SUV and robbed its owner,[64] Dun Meng, who said he managed to escape when the Tsarnaevs became momentarily distracted in the process of refueling the car at a cash-only gas station.[65] Meng fled to another nearby gas station and contacted the police. Police were then able to track the location of the car through Meng's cellphone and the SUV's anti-theft tracking device.[66]

In the early hours of April 19, police found the brothers and a shootout ensued in Watertown. During the gunfight (in which bombs were thrown at responding officers), Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was wounded and Tamerlan was shot a number of times. Dzhokhar escaped by driving the stolen SUV toward the officers who were arresting his brother, and drove over Tamerlan Tsarnaev, dragging him under the SUV about 30 feet (9 m) in the process. Tamerlan later died at a nearby hospital. Dzhokhar drove off but abandoned the car about 1⁄2 mile (800 m) away and then fled on foot.[67] A Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police officer was critically injured in the course of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's escape.[68][69] A manhunt involving thousands of police officers from several nearby towns, as well as state police, FBI, and SWAT teams, searched numerous homes and property in Watertown. Images of squad cars and large black armored vehicles crowding the side streets, as well as videos of residents being led out of their homes at gunpoint, soon flooded social media. The Boston metro area was effectively shut down all day on April 19.[70]

After Tsarnaev's name was published in connection with the bombings, his uncle Ruslan Tsarni, who lives in Montgomery Village, Maryland, pleaded with Tsarnaev through television to turn himself in "and ask for forgiveness", and said that he had shamed the family and the Chechen ethnicity.[71]

Arrest and detention

edit
 
Tsarnaev at the time of his capture

On the evening of April 19, Tsarnaev was discovered wounded in a boat in a Watertown backyard, less than 1⁄4 mile (400 m) from where he abandoned the SUV.[67] David Henneberry, the owner of the boat, had noticed that the cover on the boat was loose. When the "shelter in place" order was lifted, he went outside to investigate.[72] He lifted the tarpaulin, saw a bloodied man, retreated into his house and called 911.[73] Three Boston police officers responded and were soon joined by Waltham police. Tsarnaev's presence and movements were verified through a forward looking infrared thermal imaging device in a State Police helicopter.[74] After he was observed pushing up at the tarp on the boat, Boston police began firing but were stopped by the superintendent on the scene.[75][76] Though there were initial reports of a shootout between police and Tsarnaev, and that Tsarnaev had attempted suicide via gunshot, officials later said that he was unarmed when captured.[77][78]

In an image broadcast on the night of the arrest, Tsarnaev was shown stepping out of the boat.[79] Tsarnaev was "hauled down to the grassy ground" by SWAT officer Jeff Campbell and handcuffed by SWAT officer Saro Thompson.[67]

Tsarnaev, who had been shot and was bleeding badly from wounds to his left ear, neck and thigh,[80] was taken into federal custody. He was transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, in Boston, where he was treated in the intensive-care unit. He was in serious but stable condition.[81][82] According to one of the nurses, he cried for two days straight after waking up.[55] According to a doctor that treated him, Tsarnaev had a skull-base fracture, as well as injuries to the middle ear, a portion of his C1 vertebra, the pharynx, and the mouth; he also had a soft tissue injury and a small vascular injury.[83]

Interrogation

edit

Tsarnaev was questioned by a federal High-Value Interrogation Group, a special counterterrorism group composed of members of the FBI, CIA and Department of Defense that was created to question high-value detainees.[84][85][86][87] Questioned without being provided a Miranda warning,[88] Tsarnaev wrote his answers to the team's questions in a notebook, as a tracheostomy rendered him unable to speak.[89][90][91]

After initial interrogations, officials announced that it was clear the attack was religiously motivated, but that so far there was no evidence that the brothers had any ties to Islamic terror organizations.[92] Officials also said that Dzhokhar acknowledged his role in the bombings and told interrogators that he and Tamerlan were motivated by extremist Islamic beliefs[93] and the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to carry out the bombing.[94][95] Dzhokhar admitted during questioning that he and his brother were planning to detonate explosives in New York City's Times Square. The brothers formed the plan spontaneously during the April 18 carjacking, but things went awry after the vehicle ran low on gas and they forced the driver to stop at a gas station, where he escaped.[96] Dzhokhar says he was inspired by online videos from imam Anwar al-Awlaki,[97] who also inspired Faisal Shahzad, who attempted a car bombing in 2010 in Times Square.[98]

Investigators found no evidence that Tsarnaev was involved in any jihadist activities, and, according to The Wall Street Journal, came to believe that unlike his brother Tamerlan, Dzhokhar "was never truly radicalized".[99] Examinations of his computers did not reveal frequent visits to jihad websites, expressions of violent Islamist rhetoric or other suspicious activities. Some law enforcement officials told the WSJ that Tsarnaev "better fit[s] the psychological profile of an ordinary criminal than a committed terrorist".

During CBS This Morning on May 16, 2013, CBS News senior correspondent John Miller said he had been told that while Tsarnaev was hiding in the boat, he wrote a note claiming responsibility for the April 15 attack during the marathon. The note was scribbled with a pen on one of the inside walls of the cabin and said the bombings were payback for the U.S. military actions in Afghanistan and Iraq, and referred to the Boston victims as collateral damage, the same way Muslims have been in the American-led wars. He continued, "When you attack one Muslim, you attack all Muslims." He also said he did not mourn his brother's death because now Tamerlan was a martyr in paradise and that he (Dzhokhar) expected to join him in paradise. Miller's sources said the wall the note was written on had multiple bullet holes in it from the shots that were fired into the boat by police. According to Miller, the note painted a clear picture of the brothers' motive "consistent with what he told investigators while he was in custody".[100][101] Photographs of the note were eventually released by prosecutors in March 2015.[102]

On April 26, Tsarnaev was transported by U.S. Marshals to the Federal Medical Center, Devens,[103] a United States federal prison near Boston for male inmates requiring specialized or long-term medical or mental health care. He was held in solitary confinement and restricted to one three-page letter and one telephone call per week.[104]

Criminal charges

edit

On April 22, Tsarnaev was charged via a complaint with "using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death" and with "malicious destruction of properties resulting in death", both in connection with the Boston Marathon attacks.[105][106] He was read his Miranda rights at his bedside by a federal magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, nodded his head to answer the judge's questions, and answered "no" when asked whether he could afford a lawyer.[88] After being read his Miranda rights, Tsarnaev stopped talking and declined to continue to cooperate with the investigation.[77]

In June 2013, Tsarnaev was indicted by a federal grand jury on 30 charges.[107] Some of the charges were death-penalty eligible.[108]

Middlesex County prosecutors also brought criminal charges against Tsarnaev for the murder of Sean Collier. A surveillance camera at MIT captured the brothers approaching Collier's car from behind.[109]

Tsarnaev's arraignment for 30 charges, including four counts of murder, occurred on July 10, 2013, in federal court in Boston before U.S. magistrate judge Marianne Bowler. It was his first public court appearance.[110] He pleaded not guilty to all 30 counts against him, which included using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death.[111]

On January 30, 2014, United States Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the federal government would seek the death penalty against Tsarnaev.[112]

Prosecutors initially argued that Tsarnaev's pre-Miranda statements should be admissible, invoking Miranda's public safety exception.[113]: 136–37  However, the exception was not considered by the court because the prosecutors later decided not to use those statements in their case.[114]: 643 

In January 2015, CNN reported that plea negotiations had failed when the government refused to rule out the possibility of the death penalty.[115]

Trial

edit
Main article: Trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

Guilt phase

edit

The trial began on January 5, 2015. Tsarnaev was prosecuted by assistant U.S. attorneys William Weinreb and Aloke Chakravarty, of the Anti-Terrorism and National Security Unit of the U.S. Attorney's Office in Boston.[116] His defense team included federal public defender Miriam Conrad,[117] William Fick,[118] and Judy Clarke.[119] Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to all thirty charges laid against him. Judge George O'Toole presided over the trial.[120][121] Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, admitted in her opening statement that Tsarnaev committed the acts in question but sought to avert the death penalty by asserting that his brother Tamerlan had influenced and manipulated him.[122] Counter-terrorism expert Matthew Levitt gave testimony in March 2015.[123]

On April 8, 2015, Tsarnaev was found guilty on all thirty counts of the indictment. The charges of usage of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, in addition to aiding and abetting, made Tsarnaev eligible for the death penalty.[124]

Sentencing phase

edit

During the sentencing phase, the jury heard from victims of the bombing and Tsarnaev's friends and relatives.[125][a] Tsarnaev, who had displayed little emotion throughout his trial, appeared to weep when his relatives testified on his behalf on May 4, 2015.[127] Bill and Denise Richard, parents of Martin Richard (the youngest of the three killed in the bombings and one of the two people killed by Dzhokhar's bomb, the other person being Chinese-exchange student Lingzi Lu), urged against a death sentence for Tsarnaev. They stated that the lengthy appeals period would force them to continually relive that day, and would rather see Tsarnaev spend life in prison without parole (possibility of release), and waive his right to appeal.[128]

On May 15, 2015, the jury sentenced Tsarnaev to death by lethal injection on six of 17 capital counts.[129][130] According to the verdict forms completed by the jurors, three of 12 believed that Tsarnaev had taken part in the attack under his brother's influence; two believed that he had been remorseful for his actions;[131] two believed that Tamerlan, not Dzhokhar, had shot and killed Officer Collier; three believed that his friends still care about him; one believed that Tsarnaev's mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, was to be blamed for the brothers' actions; one believed that Tsarnaev would never be violent again in prison.

On June 24, 2015, Tsarnaev faced his living victims in court as his death sentence was formally delivered. Victims and their families were able to present impact statements to the court, and Tsarnaev, who had been silent throughout his month-long trial, admitted to carrying out the bombings and apologized to the injured and bereaved.[132]

 
ADX Florence, the prison housing Tsarnaev

The following morning, on June 25, 2015, Tsarnaev was transferred from Federal Medical Center, Devens to the United States Penitentiary, Florence High in Colorado; as of July 17, 2015, he had been transferred to ADX Florence.[133][134] A Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) spokesperson stated that "unique security management requirements" caused the agency to place Tsarnaev in Colorado instead of United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana, where male death-row inmates are normally held.[135]

According to The Guardian, in June 2016, Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri issued a threat to the United States warning of the "gravest consequences" should Tsarnaev be harmed.[136] Al-Zawahiri has since died, having been killed by the CIA on July 31, 2022.

Appeal

edit
Main article: United States v. Tsarnaev

Tsarnaev appealed his sentence on the grounds that the trial should not have been held in Boston, that there were errors in jury selection and that the judge improperly excluded evidence that Tamerlan Tsarnaev and another man, Ibragim Todashev, committed a prior triple murder in Waltham on September 11, 2011, arguing that such evidence would suggest that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev acted under the influence of Tamerlan Tsarnaev and was possibly fearful of what would happen to him if he refused.[137]

The appeal was heard by a three-judge panel of the First Circuit on December 12, 2019.[137] On July 31, 2020, the First Circuit overturned the death sentence and three of the other convictions, agreeing that the judge failed to determine how much the potential jurors had been aware of the event during jury selection, and ordered a retrial with a new jury for the penalty phase of his trial. Tsarnaev remained in prison from multiple life sentences carried by the other uncontested convictions.[138][139][140] U.S. Circuit Judge O. Rogeriee Thompson, who wrote the opinion, clarified the ruling of the court. She stated, "Make no mistake: Dzhokhar will spend his remaining days locked up in prison, with the only matter remaining being whether he will die by execution."[141]

On March 22, 2021, the Supreme Court agreed to consider an appeal from the Department of Justice,[142] and on October 13, 2021, the Department of Justice presented arguments in favor of reinstating the death penalty for Tsarnaev.[143] The Supreme Court ruled on March 4, 2022, in a 6–3 decision, that the First Circuit improperly vacated the death sentence that Tsarnaev had been given. The Court reversed the First Circuit's decision, reinstating the death penalty.[144]

Tsarnaev asked the First Circuit Court of Appeals to consider four constitutional claims that had not been considered by the Supreme Court.[145] On January 10, 2023, the First Circuit heard the matter. Tsarnaev's attorneys argued that jurors in the case had lied about prior discussions of the case on Twitter and Facebook. The jurors, the attorneys say, claimed to have never discussed the case on social media, whereas the attorneys say the jurors actually did participate in discussions showing a strong bias against Tsarnaev. Tsarnaev's attorneys argued this lack of disclosure should have disqualified the jurors from serving.[146] In March 2024, the First Circuit ruled that the trial judge had not adequately investigated the claims of juror bias, and sent the case back to the trial court with instructions for the trial judge to investigate the defense's claims and determine whether Tsarnaev's death sentence should stand.[147]

Media coverage

edit
 
Image of Tsarnaev on the cover of Rolling Stone

Tsarnaev was the subject of a cover story for an August 2013 issue of Rolling Stone entitled "The Bomber: How a Popular, Promising Student Was Failed by His Family, Fell into Radical Islam and Became a Monster." The magazine drew heavy criticism for the flattering photo of Tsarnaev on the issue's cover. Boston Mayor Tom Menino wrote that the cover "rewards a terrorist with celebrity treatment." Massachusetts State Police sergeant Sean Murphy said that "glamorizing the face of terror is not just insulting to the family members of those killed in the line of duty; it also could be an incentive to those who may be unstable to do something to get their face on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine".[148] The New York Times used the same photo on their front page in May 2013,[149] but did not draw criticism. Rolling Stone columnist Matt Taibbi criticized those who took offense at the cover, arguing that they associated Rolling Stone with glamour instead of news,[150] stating that The New York Times did not draw the criticism that Rolling Stone did "because everyone knows the Times is a news organization. Not everyone knows that about Rolling Stone ..."[150]

The editors of Rolling Stone posted the following response:

Our hearts go out to the victims of the Boston Marathon bombing, and our thoughts are always with them and their families. The cover story we are publishing this week falls within the traditions of journalism and Rolling Stone's long-standing commitment to serious and thoughtful coverage of the most important political and cultural issues of our day. The fact that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is young, and in the same age group as many of our readers, makes it all the more important for us to examine the complexities of this issue and gain a more complete understanding of how a tragedy like this happens. –THE EDITORS[24]

CVS Pharmacy[151] and other retailers announced that they would no longer sell the issue.[152]

Adweek magazine ranked the cover the "hottest" of the year after it doubled newsstand sales to 120,000.[153] The cover photo was taken by Tsarnaev himself, not a professional photographer.[154]

See also

edit

Notes

edit

Explanatory notes

edit
  1. ^ The state of Massachusetts eliminated the death penalty for state crimes in 1984. However, because Tsarnaev was tried by the federal government, he is eligible for execution.[126]

Citations

edit
  1. ^ a b Idov, Michael (April 19, 2013). "Are the Tsarnaev Brothers Russian?". The New Yorker.
  2. ^ a b Jacobs, Bruce (April 20, 2013). "Kyrgyz Former Neighbors Talk About Tsarnaevs, North Caucasus Ties". Radio Free Europe.
  3. ^ "United States vs. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Case 1:13-mj-02106-MBB Criminal Complaint (with FBI affidavit)" (PDF). United States Department of Justice. April 21, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2015. Based on the foregoing, there is probable cause to believe that on or about April 15, 2013, DZHOKHAR TSARNAEV violated 18 U.S.C. § 2332a (using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction, resulting in death) and 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) (malicious destruction of property by means of an explosive device, resulting in death).
  4. ^ a b c d e f Finn, Peter (April 19, 2013). "Tamerlan Tsarnaev and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev were refugees from brutal conflict". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  5. ^ Sargent, Hillary. "Tsarnaev moved to supermax prison". Retrieved December 2, 2023.
  6. ^ "After Action Report for the Response to the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings" (PDF). National Policing Institute. December 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  7. ^ "Photos: Manhunt for Boston Marathon bombing suspects". The Chicago Tribune. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  8. ^ Murphy, Shelley (April 16, 2023). "Where the legal battle over Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's death sentence stands a decade after the Marathon bombings". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  9. ^ Russian: Джоха́р Анзо́рович Царна́ев [dʐɐˈxar ɐnˈzorəvʲɪtɕ tsɐrˈna(j)ɪf]; Chechen: Царнаев Анзор-кIант ДжовхӀар or ЖовхӀар[1] Carnayev Anzor-khant Dƶovhar; (Kyrgyz: Жохар Анзор уулу Царнаев, Jokhar Anzor uulu Tsarnaev)
  10. ^ Nechepurenko, Ivan. "Hunt for Boston Clues Reveals Tangled Caucasus Web". The Moscow Times. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  11. ^ Mong, Adrienne. "Boston bombing suspects' father 'a good man,' neighbors in Dagestan say". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  12. ^ Balmforth, Tom (April 22, 2013). "'A Clear Setup': The Conspiracy Theory of the Boston Bombing Suspects' Father". The Atlantic. Makhachkala. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d Martin, Phillip (June 6, 2013). "Two Hours With Ruslan Tsarni, the Alleged Boston Marathon Bombers' Uncle". WGBH-TV. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
  14. ^ Vigeron, Peter (June 14, 2017) [April 13, 2015]. "The Brothers Tsarnaev". Pacific Standard.
  15. ^ Gerstein, Josh (April 22, 2013). "Boston bombing suspects' parents granted divorce in 2011". Politico.
  16. ^ Kirk, Chris; Brady, Heather (April 25, 2013). "From Boxing Champion to Bombing Suspect".
  17. ^ Cullison, Alan; Sonne, Paul; Troianovski, Anton; George-Cosh, David (April 22, 2013). "Boston Marathon Bombings: Turn to Religion Split Bomb Suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's Home". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  18. ^ Elder, Miriam; Williams, Matt (April 19, 2013). "Chechnya connections build picture of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". The Guardian. Local police, cited in Kyrgyz media, suggest that both were born in Kyrgyzstan. But family members in the US said the younger brother, Dzhokhar, was born in Dagestan.
  19. ^ Milmo, Cahal (April 19, 2013). "Boston Marathon bombing: Tamerlan Tsarnaev was a boxer. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was a wrestler". The Independent. London. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  20. ^ Kaleem, Jaweed (April 19, 2013). "Boston Bombing Suspects' Muslim Identity Provides Few Clues To Motivation For Bombing". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  21. ^ Noronha, Charmaine (April 19, 2013). "Aunt says US suspect recently became devout Muslim". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  22. ^ Goode, Erica (April 19, 2013). "Brothers Seen as Good Students and Avid Athletes". The New York Times. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  23. ^ Radia, Kirit (April 20, 2013). "Boston Bomb Suspect Alarmed Russian Relatives With Extremist Views". ABC News.
  24. ^ a b Reitman, Janet. "Jahar's World". Rolling Stone.
  25. ^ "Timeline: A look at Tamerlan Tsarnaev's past". CNN. April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  26. ^ Sullivan, Eileen (April 19, 2013). "Manhunt in Boston after bombing suspect is killed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  27. ^ Perez, Evan; Smith, Jennifer; Shallwani, Pervaiz (April 19, 2013). "Boston Bombing Suspect Killed in Shootout". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  28. ^ Seelye, Katharine Q.; Cooper, Michael (April 19, 2013). "One Boston Bombing Suspect Is Dead, Second at Large; Area on Lockdown". The New York Times.
  29. ^ a b Carter, Chelsea J.; Botelho, Gregory 'Greg' (April 20, 2013). "'Captured!!!' Boston police announce Marathon bombing suspect in custody". CNN.
  30. ^ Finn, Peter; Leonnig, Carol D.; Englund, Will (April 19, 2013). "Tsarnaev brothers' homeland was war-torn Chechnya". Washington Post.
  31. ^ Shane, Scott; Herszenhorn, David M. (April 29, 2013). "Agents Pore Over Suspect's Trip to Russia". The New York Times.
  32. ^ a b Cullison, Alan; Sonne, Paul; Levitz, Jennifer (April 20, 2013). "Life in America Unraveled for Brothers". The Wall Street Journal.
  33. ^ Mattingly, Phil (April 20, 2013). "Boston Bombing Suspect Apprehended at Watertown Home". Businessweek. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  34. ^ a b c d e Goode, Erica; Kovaleski, Serge F. (April 19, 2013). "Boy at Home in U.S., Swayed by One Who Wasn't". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
  35. ^ "Tamerlan Tsarnaev got Mass. welfare benefits". Boston Herald. April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  36. ^ "Mother of bomb suspects moved toward Islam in U.S". The Salt Lake Tribune. April 28, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  37. ^ Gowen, Annie; Horwitz, Sari; Markon, Jerry (April 19, 2013). "Boston lockdown lifted; marathon bombing suspect still at large". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  38. ^ Preston, Julia (April 20, 2013). "F.B.I. Interview Led Homeland Security to Hold Up Citizenship for One Brother". The New York Times.
  39. ^ Schoenberg, Shira (April 29, 2015). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's friend: 'I really miss the person that I knew'". Masslive. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  40. ^ Jared Lucky, "Months Before Marathon Bombing, Suspect Worked as Harvard Lifeguard", Harvard Crimson (April 19, 2013).
  41. ^ a b Russell, Jenna; et al. (April 19, 2013). "Two Brothers, Two Paths". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  42. ^ Schuppe, Jon (July 1, 2013). "Brothers' Classic Immigrant Tale Emerges as Relatives Speak Out". NBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  43. ^ Esmé E. Deprez; Prashant Gopal (April 19, 2013). "Brothers Suspected in Boston Bombing Straddled Cultures". Bloomberg News. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  44. ^ Coffey, Sarah; Wen, Patricia. "Bombing Suspect Attended UMass Dartmouth, Prompting School Closure; College Friend Shocked by Charge He Is Boston Marathon Bomber". Boston.com.
  45. ^ Matt Stout and Donna Goodison.Dzhokhar Tsarnaev loves pot, wrestling say friends", Boston Herald, April 20, 2013.
  46. ^ a b c Barney Henderson, "Boston Marathon bombs: suspect captured – April 20 as it happened"
  47. ^ diBlasio, Natalia (April 19, 2013). "Details emerge on Boston suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". USA Today. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  48. ^ Williams, Matt (April 19, 2013). "Boston bombing suspect was 'a lovely, lovely kid'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  49. ^ Graff, Peter. "Boston suspect's Web page venerates Islam, Chechen independence". MSN. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  50. ^ "After the marathon bombing: Terrible swift sword". The Economist. April 27, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  51. ^ a b "Two brothers, two paths". The Boston Globe. April 19, 2013. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  52. ^ Curran, Kathy (April 15, 2013). "Marathon Bombing suspects stopped several times by law enforcement". WCVB. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  53. ^ Chappell, Bill (April 20, 2013). "The Tsarnaev Brothers: What We Know about the Boston Bombing Suspects: The Two-Way". NPR. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  54. ^ Schworm, Peter (May 4, 2013). "UMass-Dartmouth to establish independent task force to review policies". The Boston Globe.
  55. ^ a b Reitman, Janet (July 17, 2013). "Jahar's World: He was a charming kid with a bright future. But no one saw the pain he was hiding or the monster he would become". Rolling Stone.
  56. ^ Abel, David; Silva, Steve; Finucane, Martin (April 15, 2013). "Explosions rock Boston Marathon finish line; dozens injured". The Boston Globe (online ed.). Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  57. ^ "Source: Investigators recover circuit board believed used to detonate Boston Marathon blasts". The Boston Globe (online ed.). April 16, 2013. Archived from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  58. ^ Winter, Michael (April 16, 2013). "At least 3 dead, 141 injured in Boston Marathon blasts". USA Today. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  59. ^ Levs, Joshua; Plott, Monte (April 16, 2013). "Terrorism strikes Boston Marathon as bombs kill 3, wound scores". CNN. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  60. ^ Kotz, Deborah (April 24, 2013). "Injury toll from Marathon bombs reduced to 264". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2013. Boston public health officials said Tuesday that they have revised downward their estimate of the number of people injured in the Marathon attacks, to 264.
  61. ^ "Boston suspects: An immigrant journey that went off track". CNN. April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  62. ^ a b Yashwant Raj, "Boston Bomber Partied with Friends after Attack" Archived June 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Hindustan Times, April 22, 2013.
  63. ^ a b c O'Neill, Ann (March 4, 2015). "Tsarnaev trial: Timeline of the bombings, manhunt and aftermath". CNN.
  64. ^ "On Allston block where carjacking took place, neighbors say they saw nothing"' Boston.com. April 26, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  65. ^ Slane, Kevin (December 20, 2016). "Tsarnaev carjacking survivor Dun Meng on why he's sharing his story in 'Patriots Day'". Boston.com. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  66. ^ Walker, Adrian. "Carjack victim recounts his harrowing night". Boston.com. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  67. ^ a b c Russell, Jenna; Farragher, Thomas (April 28, 2013). "102 hours in pursuit of Marathon suspects". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  68. ^ "Indictment against Boston bombing suspect". CNN. June 27, 2013.
  69. ^ Murphy, Sean P. (May 6, 2013). "Bullet that nearly killed MBTA police officer in Watertown gunfight appears to have been friendly fire". Boston.com.
  70. ^ "Boston bomb suspect captured, brother killed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013 – via NewsLeader.
  71. ^ "Boston Marathon bombers: suspect Dzhozkar Tsarnaev's uncle Ruslan Tsarni pleads 'turn yourself in'". Associated Press. London, UK. Associated Press. April 19, 2013. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2013 – via The Daily Telegraph.
  72. ^ Harding, Ed (April 24, 2013). "Watertown boat owner David Henneberry tells story of finding Boston Marathon suspect". WCVB. Archived from the original on April 27, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  73. ^ Brumfield, Ben (April 21, 2013). "In the end, Boston bombing suspect is done in by a flapping tarp". CNN.
  74. ^ Brian, Barrett (April 20, 2013). "The Crazy Accurate Thermal Images That Saw Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Through a Boat Tarp". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
  75. ^ Allen, Evan (April 23, 2013). "Boston police superintendent recounts officers' long search, tense final confrontation". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  76. ^ Ngowi, Rodrique. "Officials: Suspect described plot before Miranda". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 27, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  77. ^ a b Dozier, Kimberley (April 25, 2013). "Officials: Suspect described plot before Miranda". AP/The Big Story. Archived from the original on April 27, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  78. ^ "Inside Boston manhunt's end game". CNN. April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  79. ^ "Photo of suspect caught on boat in backyard". CBS News – via Yahoo! News.
  80. ^ "102 hours in pursuit of Marathon bombing suspects - Metro - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  81. ^ "Boston bombing suspect charged". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  82. ^ Williams, Pete; McClam, Erin (April 23, 2013). "Search of Tsarnaevs' phones, computers finds no indication of accomplice, source says". NBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  83. ^ DeLuca, Matthew (August 20, 2013). "Boston bombing suspect Tsarnaev had gunshot wounds to the mouth, extremities". NBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  84. ^ Schwartzapfel, Beth (March 11, 2015). "Tending to Tsarnaev". Marshall Project.
  85. ^ "Suspected bombers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, plot difficult for law enforcement to detect". Bloomberg. April 21, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  86. ^ Kaleem, Jaweed (April 20, 2013). "Boston Bomber Suspects Had Attended Cambridge Mosque, Officials Say". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  87. ^ "'We Got Him!': Boston Bombing Suspect Captured Alive". NBC News. April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  88. ^ a b Johnson, Luke (April 22, 2013). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Receives Miranda Rights after Delay for Public Safety Exception". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  89. ^ Newcomb, Alyssa (April 21, 2012). "Authorities: Boston Bombing Suspect Is Responding to Questions in Writing". ABC News. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  90. ^ Barrett, Devlin. "Search for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Over, Focus Shifts to Marathon Bombing Investigation". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  91. ^ "For Boston Marathon Bombing Suspects, Question May Be Who Led Whom". Associated Press. April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013 – via SILive.com.
  92. ^ "Bombers 'motivated by religion'". 3 News NZ. April 23, 2013. Archived from the original on April 4, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  93. ^ Cooper, Michael; Schmidt, Michael S.; Schmitt, Eric (April 23, 2013). "Boston Suspects Are Seen as Self-Taught and Fueled by Web". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  94. ^ Wilson, Scott; et al. (April 23, 2013). "Boston bombing suspect cites U.S. wars as motivation, officials say". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  95. ^ Pearson, Michael (April 23, 2013). "Official: Suspect says Iraq, Afghanistan drove Boston bombings". CNN. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  96. ^ Brumfield, Ben; Levs, Josh (April 25, 2013). "Boston bombing suspects planned Times Square blasts, NYC mayor says". CNN. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  97. ^ Barrett, Devlin; Levitz, Jennifer (May 4, 2013). "Boston Suspects Inspired by Muslim Cleric". The Wall Street Journal.
  98. ^ McElroy, Damien (May 7, 2010). "Times Square bomb suspect had links to terror preacher". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  99. ^ Suspect Raised No Red Flags, The Wall Street Journal, May 15, 2013
  100. ^ Candiotti, Susan (May 17, 2013). "Suspect: Boston payback for hits on Muslims". CNN. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  101. ^ "Bombing suspect left note inside boat". WPRI-TV. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  102. ^ Levenson, Eric (March 10, 2015). "Here's the Note Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Wrote Inside the Boat Where He Was Captured". Boston.com. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  103. ^ Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator: Dzhokhar Anzorovi Tsarnaev, #95079-038. Viewed August 9, 2014.
  104. ^ Wines, Michael; Kovaleski, Serge F. (April 14, 2014). "Marathon Bombing Suspect Waits in Isolation". New York Times.
  105. ^ Dye, Jessica (April 22, 2013). "What next for Boston bombing suspect?". Reuters.
  106. ^ "Boston Marathon Terror Attack Fast Facts". CNN. April 7, 2023.
  107. ^ Chappell, Bill; Peralta, Eyder (June 27, 2013). "Boston Bombing Suspect Indicted; Could Face Death Penalty". NPR.
  108. ^ Sari Horwitz, Jenna Johnson and Kathy Lally (April 22, 2011). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Charged with Using 'Weapon of Mass Destruction'". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  109. ^ Feathers, Todd (April 25, 2013). "Middlesex County prosecutors building murder case against Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in officer's slaying". Boston.com. Archived from the original on April 26, 2013.
  110. ^ MacDonald, G. Jeffrey; Bacon, John (July 10, 2013). "Tsarnaev pleads not guilty". USA Today. McLean, VA, US. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, appearing disheveled and fidgety, pleaded not guilty Wednesday to 30 counts of using a weapon of mass destruction stemming from the Boston Marathon bombing.
  111. ^ McPhee, Michele; Haskell, Josh; Radia, Kirit (July 10, 2013). "Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Smiles in Court, Pleads Not Guilty". ABC News. Burbank, CA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Accused Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev smiled and, at one point, appeared to smirk during a hearing today as he pleaded not guilty to all 30 counts against him.
  112. ^ Goldman, Adam; Horwitz, Sari (January 30, 2014). "U.S. to seek death penalty in Boston bombing case". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved May 4, 2015. 'The nature of the conduct at issue and the resultant harm compel this decision,' Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. said in a short statement.
  113. ^ Wright, Joanna (September 28, 2013). "Applying Miranda's Public Safety Exception to Dzhokhar Tsarnaev: Restricting Criminal Procedure Rights by Expanding Judicial Exceptions" (PDF). Columbia Law Review Sidebar. 113: 136–55.
  114. ^ Ching, Bruce (2015). "Mirandizing Terrorism Suspects? The Public Safety Exception, the Rescue Doctrine, and Implicit Analogies to Self-Defense, Defense of Others, and Battered Woman Syndrome". Catholic University Law Review. 64: 613–47. The case docket shows that in spite of initially opposing the defendant's motion to suppress the use of his un-Mirandized statements, the prosecution later indicated it would not use Dzhokhar's statements ....
  115. ^ Perez, Evan (January 5, 2015). "Boston bombing trial lawyers fail to reach plea deal | CNN Politics". CNN.
  116. ^ Markon, Jerry; Horwitz, Sari; Johnson, Jenna (April 22, 2013). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev charged with using 'weapon of mass destruction'". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  117. ^ "Boston Bomb Suspect Gets Public Defender as Charges Loom". Bloomberg.
  118. ^ Rozen, Laura (April 29, 2013). "Justice for Dzokhar Tsarnaev — and the Rest of Us". The Jewish Daily Forward.
  119. ^ "Prominent death penalty lawyer Judy Clarke appointed for Boston Marathon bombing suspect". Associated Press. April 29, 2013 – via Yahoo News.
  120. ^ Martinez, Michael (January 2, 2015). "A tale of two Tsarnaevs on eve of trial in Boston Marathon bombing". CNN. Atlanta, GA, US. Archived from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Jury selection is scheduled to begin Monday in a trial that could last months.
  121. ^ "Boston bombing: Jury selection begins in Tsarnaev case". BBC. Portland Place, London, England, UK. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Jury selection alone is expected to take several weeks as Judge George O'Toole selects 12 jurors and six alternates from about 1,200 prospective jurors who have been summoned to the court in Boston.
  122. ^ "Bombing Trial Shifts to Tsarnaev's Efforts to Avoid Execution". NBC News. March 30, 2015.
  123. ^ "Tsarnaev Lawyer Aggressively Questions FBI Computer Expert". www.cbsnews.com. March 23, 2015.
  124. ^ O'Neill, Ann (April 8, 2015). "Tsarnaev guilty of all 30 counts in Boston bombing". CNN. Atlanta, GA, US. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. From start to finish, it took 26 minutes for the jury to announce its verdict in the Boston Marathon bombing trial: Tsarnaev didn't skate on a single charge. He now stands guilty of all 30 counts, 17 of which could send him to death row.
  125. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev; Peralta, Eyder (May 15, 2015). "Death Penalty For Boston Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". NPR.
  126. ^ "Boston bombing trial: Death sentence for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". BBC News. May 16, 2015.
  127. ^ Seelye, Katherine Q. (May 4, 2015). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Weeps as Relatives Try to Spare Him". The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  128. ^ "Boston bombing: Parents of youngest victim oppose execution". BBC News. Portland Place, London, England, UK. April 17, 2015. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. The parents of youngest victim in the Boston marathon bombing have called on federal authorities to drop the death penalty as a possible punishment for bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.
  129. ^ "Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Sentenced to Death". ABC News. May 15, 2015.
  130. ^ "Boston bombing victims react to Tsarnaev death sentence". PBS NewsHour. May 15, 2015.
  131. ^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (May 15, 2015). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Given Death Penalty in Boston Marathon Bombing". The New York Times.
  132. ^ Ann O'Neill; Aaron Cooper; Ray Sanchez (June 24, 2015). "Boston bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev says he's sorry". CNN.
  133. ^ "Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev transferred to Colorado prison". CBS News. June 25, 2015.
  134. ^ Valencia, Milton J. (July 17, 2015). "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev transferred to Supermax prison". The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  135. ^ Swaner, Jon (June 26, 2015). "Why Tsarnaev was not sent to Terre Haute". WTHI-TV. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  136. ^ Yuhas, Alan (July 1, 2016). "Al-Qaida leader: 'grave consequences' for US if Boston bomber executed". The Guardian.
  137. ^ a b "Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's Defense Argues He Didn't Get Fair Trial". CBS Boston. December 12, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  138. ^ Durkin Richer, Alanna (July 31, 2020). "Court overturns Boston Marathon bomber's death sentence". Associated Press. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  139. ^ Monge, Sonia (July 31, 2020). "Appeals court vacates Boston Marathon bomber's death sentence, orders new penalty trial". CNN. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  140. ^ Andersen, Travis (July 31, 2020). "Federal appeals court vacates Tsarnaev death sentence, orders new penalty-phase trial". The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 31, 2020. ... 'just to be crystal clear ... Dzhokhar will remain confined to prison for the rest of his life, ... .'
  141. ^ Raymond, Nate (July 31, 2020). "Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's Death Sentence Overturned by Appeals Court". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  142. ^ Quinn, Melissa (March 22, 2021). "Supreme Court agrees to hear case over death penalty for Boston Marathon bomber". CBS News. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  143. ^ Boboltz, Sara (October 13, 2021). "Supreme Court Skeptical Of Arguments For Boston Bomber Death Sentence". HuffPost. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  144. ^ "Supreme Court Reinstates Death Sentence For Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". CBS News. March 4, 2022.
  145. ^ "Boston Marathon bomber again tries to avoid execution". Associated Press. April 8, 2022.
  146. ^ Richer, Alanna (January 10, 2023). "Court weighs tossing Boston marathon bomber's death sentence". WPRI. Associated Press. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  147. ^ "Appeals court orders judge to probe claims of juror bias in Boston Marathon bomber's case". Portland Press Herald. March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  148. ^ Wolfson, John (July 18, 2013). "The Real Face of Terror: Behind the Scenes Photos of the Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Manhunt". Boston. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  149. ^ "Rolling Stone puts Boston bombing suspect on cover, ignites firestorm". CNN. July 18, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  150. ^ a b Taibbi, Matt (July 19, 2013). "Explaining the Rolling Stone Cover, by a Boston Native". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  151. ^ Gabbatt, Adam (July 17, 2013). "Rolling Stone's controversial Dzhokhar Tsarnaev cover ignites heated debate". The Guardian. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  152. ^ "Several Stores Decide Not to Carry Rolling Stone Featuring Bombing Suspect". WGGB-TV. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  153. ^ Annear, Steve (December 4, 2013). "The Dzhokhar Tsarnaev 'Rolling Stone' Cover Won Adweek's 'Hottest Cover of the Year'". Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  154. ^ Gandelman, Joe (July 17, 2013). "Does Rolling Stone Cover Glamorize Boston Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev?". The Moderate Voice. San Diego, CA, US. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev&oldid=1258682336"