This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.
| President of the Republic of Chad | |
|---|---|
| رئيس جمهورية تشاد (Arabic) Président de la République du Tchad (French) | |
 | |
| Residence | Presidential Palace, N'Djamena |
| Term length | 5 years, renewable once |
| Inaugural holder | François Tombalbaye |
| Formation | 23 April 1962 |
| Salary | 800,000 FCFA / month |
| Website | Presidency of Chad |
A total of six people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one person, Goukouni Oueddei, has served on two non-consecutive occasions.
The current head of state of Chad is Mahamat Déby, since 20 April 2021, when he took power in a military coup following the death of his father, President Idriss Déby. Mahamat Déby was President of the Transitional Military Council, a military junta, from 20 April 2021 until 10 October 2022, when he was sworn is as Transitional President of the Republic following a "national dialogue".[1][2] On 6 May 2024, Déby won the presidential election[3] and was proclaimed President on 23 May.[4]
Term limits
editIn 2018, the new Constitution of Chad reinstated two-term limits for the president. It also changed the length of the term from five years to six years.[5] However, in 2023, a constitutional referendum was held which changed the length of the term from six years back to five years and which also lowered the minimum age for the presidency from 40 down to 35.[6]
Titles
edit- 1960–1962: Head of State
- 1962–1975: President of the Republic
- 1975 : Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
- 1975–1978: Head of State
- 1978–1979: President of the Republic
- 1979 : Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
- 1979 : President of the Transitional Government of National Unity
- 1979 : Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee
- 1979–1982: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity
- 1982 : Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North
- 1982 : Chairman of the Council of State
- 1982–1990: President of the Republic
- 1990 : President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement
- 1990–1991: President of the Council of State
- 1991–2021: President of the Republic
- 2021–2022: President of the Transitional Military Council[7]
- 2022–2024: Transitional President of the Republic[1][2]
- 2024–present: President of the Republic
List of officeholders
edit- Political parties
- Other factions
- Status
Interim Head of State
- Symbols
C Constitutional referendum
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Prime minister(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 | 
|
François Tombalbaye (1918–1975)[a] |
1962 1969 |
11 August 1960 | 13 April 1975 (Assassinated in a coup) |
14 years, 245 days | PPT until 1973 renamed to MNRCS |
Position not established |
| – | 
|
Noël Milarew Odingar (1932–2007) |
— | 13 April 1975 | 15 April 1975 | 2 days | Military | Position not established |
| 2 |
|
Félix Malloum (1932–2009) |
— | 15 April 1975 | 23 March 1979 (Resigned) |
3 years, 342 days | Military | Habré |
| 3 |
|
Goukouni Oueddei (born 1944) |
— | 23 March 1979 | 29 April 1979 | 37 days | FROLINAT–FAP | Position vacant |
| 4 |
|
Lol Mahamat Choua (1939–2019) |
— | 29 April 1979 | 3 September 1979 | 127 days | MPLT | Position vacant |
| (3) |
|
Goukouni Oueddei (born 1944) |
— | 3 September 1979 | 7 June 1982 (Deposed in a coup) |
2 years, 277 days | FROLINAT–FAP | Ngardoum (from 19 May 1982) |
| 5 | 
|
Hissène Habré (1942–2021) |
1989[C] | 7 June 1982 | 2 December 1990 (Deposed in a coup) |
8 years, 178 days | FAN / UNIR | Ngardoum (until 19 June 1982) |
| 6 | 
|
Idriss Déby (1952–2021) |
1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 |
2 December 1990 | 20 April 2021 (Killed in action) |
30 years, 139 days | Military / MPS | Bawoyeu Yodoyman Moungar Koumakoye Djimasta Ouaido Yamassoum Kabadi Faki Yoadimnadji Younousmi Koumakoye Abbas Nadingar Dadnadji Deubet Padacké |
| 7 | 
|
Mahamat Déby (born 1984) |
2024 | 20 April 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 218 days | Military / MPS | Padacké Kebzabo Masra Halina |
Timeline
edit
Latest election
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahamat Déby | Patriotic Salvation Movement | 3,777,279 | 61.00 | |
| Succès Masra | Les Transformateurs | 1,148,245 | 18.54 | |
| Albert Pahimi Padacké | National Rally for Democracy in Chad | 1,048,015 | 16.93 | |
| Lydie Beassemda | Party for Integral Democracy and Independence | 59,632 | 0.96 | |
| Théophile Bongoro | Party for Rally and Equity in Chad | 46,784 | 0.76 | |
| Alladoum Djarma | Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal | 33,765 | 0.55 | |
| Brice Guedmbaye | Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic | 27,848 | 0.45 | |
| Yacine Abdramane Sakine | Reformist Party | 22,328 | 0.36 | |
| Mansiri Lopsikréo | Les Élites | 15,147 | 0.24 | |
| Nasra Djimasngar | A New Day | 12,738 | 0.21 | |
| Total | 6,191,781 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 6,191,781 | 99.62 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 23,463 | 0.38 | ||
| Total votes | 6,215,244 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 8,202,207 | 75.78 | ||
| Source: Africa 24 | ||||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ As President of the Transitional Military Council until 10 October 2022,[1][2] and as Transitional President until 23 May 2024.
- ^ Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye on 30 August 1973 due to the policy of Africanization.
References
edit- ^ a b c Ilunga, Patrick (10 October 2022). "Chadian junta leader Mahamat Deby sworn in as President". The East African. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ a b c "Chad Ruler Raises Hackles with Drawn-Out 'Transition'". Agence France-Presse. Libreville, Gabon. Voice of America. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Mahamat Déby wins Chad presidential election". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ Donati, Jessica (23 May 2024). "Chad swears in president after disputed election, ending years of military rule". Associated Press. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Eizenga, Daniel; Nodjimbadem, Katie. "Chad's Constitutional Referendum Promises a Transition without Change—or Stability". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
- ^ "Biography of the President of the Transitional Military Council". Presidency of the Republic of Chad (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.