Microsoft Small Basic is a programming language, interpreter and associated IDE. Microsoft's simplified variant of BASIC, it is designed to help students who have learnt visual programming languages such as Scratch learn text-based programming.[8] The associated IDE provides a simplified programming environment with functionality such as syntax highlighting, intelligent code completion, and in-editor documentation access.[9] The language has only 14 keywords.[10]
 | |
| Paradigm | Structured, imperative, object-oriented |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Microsoft, Vijaye Raji[1][2] |
| Developer | Microsoft |
| First appeared | October 23, 2008[3][4] |
| Stable release | v1.2
/ October 1, 2015[5] |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic, weak |
| Platform | .NET Framework 4.5[5] |
| OS | Small Basic Desktop: Windows XP (up to version 1.0), Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008 R2[6] Small Basic Online: web browser |
| License | MIT License[7] |
| Filename extensions | .sb, .smallbasic |
| Website | smallbasic-publicwebsite |
| Influenced by | |
| Logo, QBasic, Visual Basic .NET | |
History
edit| Version | Release date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| v0.1 | October 23, 2008[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.2 | December 17, 2008[11] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.3 | February 10, 2009[12] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.4 | April 14, 2009[13] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.5 | June 16, 2009[14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.6 | August 19, 2009[15] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.7 | October 23, 2009[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.8 | February 4, 2010[16] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.9 | June 11, 2010[17] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.91 | November 17, 2010[18] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v0.95 | February 8, 2011[19] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v1.0 | July 12, 2011[20] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v1.1 | March 27, 2015[21] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v1.2 | October 1, 2015[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained Latest version Future release | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microsoft announced Small Basic in October 2008,[3] and released the first stable version for distribution on July 12, 2011,[20] on a Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) website, together with a teaching curriculum[22] and an introductory guide.[23] Between announcement and stable release, a number of Community Technology Preview (CTP) releases were made.
On March 27, 2015, Microsoft released Small Basic version 1.1,[21] which fixed a bug and upgraded the targeted .NET Framework version from version 3.5 to version 4.5, making it the first version incompatible with Windows XP.
Microsoft released Small Basic version 1.2 on October 1, 2015.[5] Version 1.2 was the first update after a four-year hiatus to introduce new features to Small Basic. The update added classes for working with Microsoft's Kinect motion sensors,[5] increased the number of languages supported by the included Dictionary object, and fixed a number of bugs.[6]
On February 19, 2019, Microsoft announced Small Basic Online (SBO). It is open source software released under MIT License on GitHub.[24][25]
Language
editIn Small Basic, one writes the illustrative "Hello, World!" program as follows:
TextWindow.WriteLine("Hello, World!")
Microsoft Small Basic is Turing complete. It supports conditional branching, loop structures, and subroutines for event handling. Variables are weakly typed and dynamic with no scoping rules.
Conditional branching
editThe following example demonstrates conditional branching. It ask the user for Celsius or Fahrenheit and then comments on the answer in the appropriate temperature unit.
' A Program that gives advice at a requested temperature.
TextWindow.WriteLine("Do you use 'C'elsius or 'F'ahrenheit for temperature?")
TextWindow.WriteLine("Enter C for Celsius and F for Fahrenheit:")
question_temp: ' Label to jump back to input if wrong input was given
tempunit = TextWindow.Read()
' Temperature Definitions in Celsius:
tempArray["hot"] = 30 ' 30 °C equals 86 °F
tempArray["pretty"] = 20 ' 20 °C equals 68 °F
tempArray["cold"]= 15 ' 15 °C equals 59 °F
If tempunit = "C" OR tempunit = "c" Then
TextWindow.WriteLine("Celsius selected!")
tempunit = "C" ' Could be lowercase, thus make it uppercase
ElseIf tempunit = "F" OR tempunit = "f" Then
TextWindow.WriteLine("Fahrenheit selected!")
' We calculate the temperature values for Fahrenheit based on the Celsius values
tempArray["hot"] = ((tempArray["hot"] * 9)/5) + 32
tempArray["pretty"] = ((tempArray["pretty"] * 9)/5) + 32
tempArray["cold"] = ((tempArray["cold"] * 9)/5) + 32
tempunit = "F" ' Could be lowercase, thus make it uppercase
Else
GOTO question_temp ' Wrong input, jump back to label "question_temp"
EndIf
TextWindow.Write("Enter the temperature today (in " + tempunit +"): ")
temp = TextWindow.ReadNumber()
If temp >= tempArray["hot"] Then
TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty hot.")
ElseIf temp >= tempArray["pretty"] Then
TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty nice.")
ElseIf temp >= tempArray["cold"] Then
TextWindow.WriteLine("Don't forget your coat.")
Else
TextWindow.WriteLine("Stay home.")
EndIf
Small Basic does not support an inline If statement as does Visual Basic, for example:
If temp > 50 Then TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty nice.")
Looping
editThis example demonstrates a loop. Starting from one and ending with ten, it multiplies each number by four and displays the result of the multiplication.
TextWindow.WriteLine("Multiplication Tables")
For i = 1 To 10
TextWindow.Write(i * 4)
EndFor
While loops are also supported, and the demonstrated For loop can be augmented through the use of the Step keyword. The Step keyword is used in setting the value by which the counter variable, i, is incremented each iteration.
Data types
edit
Small Basic supports basic data types, like strings, integers and decimals, and will readily convert one type to another as required by the situation. In the example, both the Read and ReadNumber methods read a string from the command line, but ReadNumber rejects any non-numeric characters. This allows the string to be converted to a numeric type and treated as a number rather than a string by the + operator.
TextWindow.WriteLine("Enter your name: ")
name = TextWindow.Read()
TextWindow.Write("Enter your age: ")
age = TextWindow.ReadNumber()
TextWindow.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!")
TextWindow.WriteLine("In 5 years, you shall be " + ( age + 5 ) + " years old!")
As Small Basic will readily convert among data types, numbers can be manipulated as strings and numeric strings as numbers. This is demonstrated through the second example.
TextWindow.WriteLine(Math.log("100")) 'Prints 2
TextWindow.WriteLine("100" + "3000") ' Prints 3100
TextWindow.WriteLine("Windows " + 8) ' Prints Windows 8
TextWindow.WriteLine(Text.GetLength(1023.42)) ' Prints 7 (length of decimal representation including decimal point)
In the second example, both strings are treated as numbers and added together, producing the output 3100. To concatenate the two values, producing the output 1003000, it is necessary to use the Text.Append(text1, text2) method.
Libraries
editStandard library
editThe Small Basic standard library includes basic classes for mathematics, string handling, and input/output, as well as more exotic classes that are intended to make using the language more fun for learners. Examples of these include a Turtle graphics class, a class for retrieving photos from Flickr, and classes for interacting with Microsoft Kinect sensors.[26]
To make the classes easier to use for learners, they have been simplified. This simplification is demonstrated through the code used to retrieve a random mountain-themed image from Flickr:
For i = 1 To 10
pic = Flickr.GetRandomPicture("mountains")
Desktop.SetWallPaper(pic)
Program.Delay(10000)
EndFor
Turtle graphics
editSmall Basic includes a "Turtle" graphics library that borrows from the Logo family of programming languages. For example, to draw a square using the turtle, the turtle is moved forward by a given number of pixels and rotated 90 degrees in a given direction. This action is then repeated four times to draw the four sides of the square.
For i = 1 to 4
Turtle.Move(100) ' Forward 100 pixels
Turtle.Turn(90) ' Turn 90 degrees right
EndFor
More complex drawings are possible by altering the turning angle of the turtle and the number of iterations of the loop. For example, one can draw a hexagon by setting the turn angle to 60 degrees and the number of iterations to six.
Third-party libraries
editSmall Basic allows the use of third-party libraries. These libraries must be written in a CLR-compatible language, and the compiled binaries must target a compatible .NET Framework version. The classes provided by the library are required to be static, flagged with a specific attribute, and must use a specific data type.
An example of a class to be used in Small Basic is provided below, written in C#.
[SmallBasicType]
public static class ExampleClass
{
public static Primitive Add(Primitive A, Primitive B) => A + B;
public static Primitive SomeProperty
{
get;
set;
}
public static Primitive Pi => (Primitive)3.14159;
}
If available, the Small Basic development environment will display documentation for third-party libraries. The development environment accepts documentation in the form of an XML file, which can be automatically generated from source code comments by tools such as Microsoft Visual Studio and MonoDevelop.[27]
References
edit- ^ Conrod, Philip; Tylee, Lou (February 2013). Programming Games with Microsoft Small Basic. Kidware Software, LLC. ISBN 978-1-937161-56-9.
- ^ "Featured Article: Interviews with Vijaye Raji, the creator of Small Basic". TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM. 13 February 2019.
- ^ a b c Raji, Vijaye (23 October 2008). "Hello World". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ a b Raji, Vijaye (23 October 2009). "Happy Birthday Small Basic". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Scherotter, Michael (1 October 2015). "Small Basic 1.2 Released with Kinect Support and Bug Fixes". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Download Microsoft Small Basic 1.2 from Official Microsoft Download Centre". Small Basic. Microsoft. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ "SmallBasic". GitHub. 17 October 2021.
- ^ "Small Basic". Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ Price, Ed (22 October 2012). "The Unique Features of Small Basic". Small Basic. TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ Price, Ed (8 October 2012). "What are the 14 Keywords of Small Basic?". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (17 December 2008). "Announcing Small Basic v0_2!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (10 February 2009). "Microsoft Small Basic v0.3 is here". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (14 April 2009). "v0.4 of Small Basic says "Bonjour"". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (16 June 2009). "The newest, leanest and the meanest is here!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (19 August 2009). "Now available: Small Basic v0.6". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (10 February 2010). "Small Basic v0.8". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Raji, Vijaye (11 June 2010). "Small Basic V0.9 is here!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Aldana, Sandra (17 November 2010). "Small Basic V0.91 is more international than ever!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Aldana, Sandra (8 February 2011). "Small Basic v0.95 speaks another language!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ a b Aldana, Sandra (12 July 2011). "Small Basic 1.0 is here!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ a b Price, Ed (27 March 2015). "Small Basic 1.1 is here!". Small Basic. MSDN Blogs. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Price, Ed (29 April 2014). "Small Basic Curriculum". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ Price, Ed; Takahashi, Nonki (25 February 2014). "Small Basic Getting Started Guide". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ "Announcing Small Basic Online 1.0 – Public Preview". 20 February 2019.
- ^ "TechNet Wiki". 17 January 2024.
- ^ "System Requirements Kinect for Small Basic". ininet.org.
- ^ Protalinski, Emil (17 November 2008). "Yet another programming language from Microsoft: Small Basic". Ars Technica.
Further reading
edit- Marji, Majed; Price, Ed (2016). Learn to Program with Small Basic: An Introduction to Programming with Games, Art, Science, and Math. No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1593277024.
- Carlson, Edward H; Philip Conrod, Philip; Tylee Conrod, Lou (2013). Small Basic For Kids: A Computer Programming Tutorial. Kidware Software. ISBN 978-1937161828.
- The Basics of Small Basic discussion with Vijaye Raji and Erik Meijer on SmallBasic
- Introduction to Small Basic Archived 2010-07-11 at the Wayback Machine discussion with Vijaye Raji and Robert Hess on SmallBasic
- Microsoft Small Basic for .NET Archived 2016-04-13 at the Wayback Machine Review of Microsoft Small Basic, with sample application
- Category:Microsoft Small Basic Tasks implemented in Microsoft Small Basic on rosettacode.org
External links
edit