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|title=Sri Lanka: The continuing spectre of "disappearances"|access-date=19 June 2022|work=Amnesty International.org}}</ref><ref name="WSWS">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/06/sri-j26.html|title=Eyewitness account from Sri Lanka: Tamil mass graves excavated in Chemmani|access-date=19 June 2022 |work=World Socialist Web Site.org|date=26 June 1999 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/ar/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa370271998en.pdf|title=Sri Lanka: Safety must be guaranteed for experts working on mass graves exhumation|access-date=19 June 2022|work=Amnesty International.org}}</ref> Sri Lanka became the country with the highest number of disappearances reported to the UN Working Group on Enforced and Involuntary Disappearances between 1996 and 1997.<ref name=":0" /> In 2008, [[Human Rights Watch]] accused the Sri Lankan government of being responsible for "widespread abductions and disappearances" of hundreds of Tamils since the war resumed in 2006, with most feared dead.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2008 |title=Recurring Nightmare: State Responsibility for "disappearances" and Abductions in Sri Lanka |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2008/03/05/recurring-nightmare/state-responsibility-disappearances-and-abductions-sri-lanka |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Since 2006, Sri Lanka once again became the country with the highest number of disappearances reported to the UN Working Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernando |first=Ruki |date=20 August 2015 |title=9 years after disappearance of Fr. Jim Brown & Mr. Vimalathas |url=https://groundviews.org/2015/08/20/9-years-after-disappearance-of-fr-jim-brown-mr-vimalathas/ |website=Groundviews}}</ref> A report by the Human Rights Data Analysis Group and the International Truth and Justice Project found that at the end of the war between 17–19 May 2009, an estimated 503 Tamils, including at least 29 children, were subjected to enforced disappearance after surrendering to the Sri Lankan Army around Vadduvakal Bridge in Mullaitivu. The report stated that they represented "the largest number of disappearances in one place and time in the country's history."<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://hrdag.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/HRDAG-ITJPSL-2018-12-12-1.pdf |title=How many people disappeared on 17–19 May 2009 in Sri Lanka? |date=12 December 2018 |publisher=Human Rights Data Analysis Group and International Truth and Justice Project |pages=1-2, 8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2018 |title=500 Tamils forcibly disappeared in three days, after surrendering to army in 2009 |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/500-tamils-forcibly-disappeared-three-days-after-surrendering-army-2009 |website=Tamil Guardian}}</ref>
After visiting Sri Lanka in 2013, Navi Pillay, then UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, highlighted the plight of Tamil families with missing persons by stating she had "never experienced so many people weeping and crying," and "never seen this level of uncontrollable grief".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seoighe |first=Rachel |title=War, Denial and Nation-Building in Sri Lanka: After the End |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-56324-4 |page=281}}</ref> In 2020, then Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa stated that more than 20,000 people who disappeared during the war were dead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2020 |title=Sri Lanka civil war: Rajapaksa says thousands missing are dead |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51184085 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
[[Bruce Fein]], an American lawyer who specializes in international law, described the frequent disappearances of Tamils as among the "exemplary genocidal events".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kingsbury |first=Damien |title=Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect: Politics, Ethnicity and Genocide |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-58884-3 |page=87}}</ref> Lutz Oette, an international law specialist, examined the reported cases of enforced disappearances of thousands of Tamils between 1984 and 1997 and stated that they fell within the definition of genocidal acts.<ref>{{Cite report |first=Lutz |last=Oette |url= |title=The International Crime of Genocide: The Case of the Tamil People in Sri Lanka |date=December 1997|publisher=Tamil Information Centre |page=49}}</ref>▼
▲The Permanent Peoples' Tribunal included the abductions and enforced disappearances of displaced Tamils as an example of the state's calculated policy to "physically eliminate Eelam Tamils on the basis of their group identity."{{sfn|PPT & IMRV|2014|p=17}} [[Bruce Fein]], an American lawyer who specializes in international law, described the frequent disappearances of Tamils as among the "exemplary genocidal events".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kingsbury |first=Damien |title=Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect: Politics, Ethnicity and Genocide |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-58884-3 |page=87}}</ref> Lutz Oette, an international law specialist, examined the reported cases of enforced disappearances of thousands of Tamils between 1984 and 1997 and stated that they fell within the definition of genocidal acts.<ref>{{Cite report |first=Lutz |last=Oette |url= |title=The International Crime of Genocide: The Case of the Tamil People in Sri Lanka |date=December 1997|publisher=Tamil Information Centre |page=49}}</ref>
==Mullivaikkal massacre==
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===Permanent Peoples' Tribunal===
Between 7-10 December 2013, the [[Rome]]-based [[Permanent Peoples' Tribunal]] held a Tribunal on Sri Lanka in [[Bremen]], [[Germany]]
The Tribunal found that the evidence conclusively demonstrated, beyond any [[reasonable doubt]], that the [[Government of Sri Lanka]] committed the following [[Genocide#Prohibited_acts|genocidal acts]]:<ref name="JDS"/>
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Several U.S. legislators such as [[Wiley Nickel]] and [[Deborah Ross (politician)|Deborah Ross]] also recognize the Tamil Genocide Remembrance Day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=US Legislators officially acknowledge Tamil Genocide |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/us-legislators-officially-acknowledge-tamil-genocide |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Tamil Guardian}}</ref>
On 12 April 2015
=== Recognition of Black July ===
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