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'''Spill''' (also known as '''bleed'''<ref name="Senior 2009">{{harvtxt|Senior|2009}}</ref> and '''leakage'''<ref name="Huber 2005 139">{{harvtxt|Huber|2005|p=139}}</ref>) is the occurrence in [[sound recording]] (particularly in [[close miking]]) and [[live sound mixing]] whereby sound is picked up by a microphone from a source other than that which is intended. While spill is usually seen as a problem, it is sometimes accepted, and occasionally even desirable.
==Occurrence== Spill occurs when sound intended for one microphone (for example, vocals) is detected by another (for example, the microphone for the lead guitar.<ref name="Nisbett 2003 373"> {{harvtxt|Nisbett|2003|p=373}}</ref> Spill is often undesirable in [[popular music]] recording,<ref name="Eargle 2005 303">{{harvtxt|Eargle|2005|p=303}}</ref> as the combined signals during the [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mix process]] can cause [[phase cancellation]] and may cause difficulty in processing individual tracks.<ref name="Huber 2005 139" /> It also causes difficulty in [[overdub]]bing, where the spill from the sound being replaced may still be audible on other channels.<ref name="Robjohns 2004">{{harvtxt|Robjohns|2004}}</ref> Spill is sometimes accepted or even desirable, particularly in [[classical music]] recordings,<ref name="Eargle 2005 303"/> as it can create a natural sound between instruments. This is also true for drum recording and productions that need a "live" feel.<ref name="Robjohns 2004"/><ref name="White 2007">{{harvtxt|White|2007}}</ref> Spill is often experienced with vocal recording, when the [[accompaniment]] is [[Studio monitor|monitored]] through speakers or open-backed [[headphones]].<ref name="Recording Microphones 2010">{{harvtxt|Recording Microphones|2010}}</ref> It may also be a problem in studios without [[Talkback (recording)|talkback]] facilities.<ref name="Brice 2001 355">{{harvtxt|Brice|2001|p=355}}</ref>
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* Maximising the distance between sound sources<ref name="Huber 2005 140" />
* Using [[DI unit]]s rather than microphones<ref name="Crich 2005 36">{{harvtxt|Crich|2005|p=36}}</ref>
Spill is also avoided by using a 3:1 distance [[rule of thumb]],<ref name="Wellington College 2011">{{harvtxt|Wellington College|2011}}</ref> which states that for each unit of distance between a sound source and its microphone, other microphones should be placed at least three times as far.<ref name="Huber 2005 140" />
Other methods of minimising spill include the use of [[noise gate]]s.<ref name="White 2007" />
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