Content deleted Content added
JaneSwifty (talk | contribs) →19th century: Attribution: content on State v. Pike was copied from State v. Pike on July 6, 2017. Please see the history of that page for attribution |
JaneSwifty (talk | contribs) Attribution: content on Durham v. United States was copied from Durham v. United States on July 6, 2017. Please see the history of that page for attribution) |
||
Line 34:
* 1954 – [[Mary Switzer]], Director of the U.S. [[Office of Vocational Rehabilitation]], authorized funds for more than 100 university-based rehabilitation-related programs.<ref name="Timeline"/>
* 1954 – The (American) [[Social Security Act]] of 1935 was amended by PL 83-761 to include a freeze provision for workers who were forced by disability to leave the workforce. This protected their benefits by freezing their retirement benefits at their pre-disability level.<ref name="Timeline"/>
* 1954 - ''[[Durham v. United States]]'', 214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954), is a criminal case articulating what became known as the [[Durham rule]] for juries to find a defendant is [[not guilty by reason of insanity]], that "an accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect".<ref name=CL>''Criminal Law - Cases and Materials'', 7th ed. 2012, [[Wolters Kluwer Law & Business]]; [[John Kaplan (law professor)|John Kaplan]], [[Robert Weisberg]], [[Guyora Binder]], {{ISBN|978-1-4548-0698-1}}, [https://law.stanford.edu/publications/criminal-law-cases-and-materials-7th-edition/]</ref>{{rp|}} It was to enable psychiatrists to "inform the jury of the character of [the defendant's mental disease" so that a jury could be "guided by wider horizons of knowledge concerning mental life"; so that juries could make determinations based on expert testimony about the disease.<ref name=IECJ>Insanity, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 1983; Abraham Goldstein; pp736-40</ref> It was patterned on ''[[State v. Pike]]''.<ref name=IECJ/> It was adopted by only two states, for a short time, but has and continues to be influential on debate over legal insanity.<ref name=IECJ/> The decision was criticized for leaving a jury with no standard to judge impairment of reason or control, did not define mental disease, and left the jury dependent on expert testimony.<ref name=IECJ/>
* 1956 – The Social Security Amendments of 1956 created the Social Security Disability (SSDI) program for disabled workers aged 50 to 64 in America.<ref name="Timeline"/>
* 1956 - The [[Alaska Mental Health Enabling Act]] of 1956 ([[Act of Congress|Public Law]] 84-830) was an [[Act of Congress]] passed to improve mental health care in the United States [[Alaska Territory|territory]] of [[Alaska]]. The Act succeeded in its initial aim of establishing a mental health care system for Alaska, funded by income from lands allocated to a mental health trust. However, during the 1970s and early 1980s, Alaskan politicians systematically stripped the trust of its lands, transferring the most valuable land to private individuals and state agencies. The [[asset stripping]] was eventually ruled to be illegal following several years of litigation, and a reconstituted mental health trust was established in the mid-1980s.
| |||