Telecommunications in the Central African Republic includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet as well as the postal system.
Persistent conflict has hampered telecommunication and media development in the Central African Republic. There are active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers. Radio is the most-popular communications medium.[1]
Socatel is the leading provider for both Internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Ministère des Postes (Ministry of Posts), and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies (Telecommunications and New Technologies). Support is received from the ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D) within the International Telecommunication Union to improve telecommunications infrastructure.[2]
Radio and television
edit- Radio stations: the State-owned radio network, Radio Centrafrique, is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007).[3]
- The BBC World Service (90.2 FM), Radio France Internationale, and the Voice of America are available via local relays in the capital, Bangui.[1]
- Radios: 283,000 (1997).[needs update]
- Television stations: Government-owned network, Télévision Centrafricaine (TCF), provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations were pending (2007).[3]
- Television sets: 18,000 (1997).[needs update]
In Bangui, UN-sponsored Radio Ndeke Luka ("bird of luck") provides balanced output, and rebroadcasts international news programming. Other radio and TV stations are run by the state-run Radiodiffusion-Television Centrafricaine and provide little coverage of the political opposition. There are about two dozen privately owned radio stations. Many, such as Radio Notre Dame, run by religious organisations.[1]
Starting 24 November 2011 La Radio et la Télévision nationale centrafricaine (TVCA) (Central African Radio (CAR) and National Television) are available via satellite. This move brought state-run national radio and television coverage to the entire country.[4]
Telephones
edit- Calling code: +236[3]
- International call prefix: 00[5]
- Main lines: 5,600 lines in use, 209th in the world (2012).[3]
- Mobile cellular: 1.1 million lines, 157th in the world (2012).[3]
- Telephone system: The network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication; limited telephone service with less than one fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers, cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone services are concentrated in the capital, Bangui (2011).[3]
- Satellite earth stations: 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011).[3]
GSM coverage was for a long time limited to the capital area. But in June 2006 coverage was expanded at least to Berberati in the western part of the country. There are currently two GSM-900 mobile operators, Telecel CAR and NationLink Telecom RCA. A third network, Centrafrique Telecom Plus closed down in late 2005 after failing to attract more than 5,000 subscribers and failing to renew its license, in accordance with the then new Bozize government policies.[6]
Internet
edit- Top-level domain: .cf[3]
- Internet users:
- Internet hosts: 20 hosts, 221st in the world (2012).[3]
- IPv4: 4,352 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 0.9 addresses per 1000 people (2012).[9][10]
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Moov, Orange, Socatel, and Telecel.[11]
Internet censorship and surveillance
editThere are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without judicial oversight.[12]
More than five million websites (except for Spotify was not available in that country) are available/accessible in the Central African Republic.
Although the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, authorities occasionally arrest journalists critical of the government and in some cases the government impedes individuals’ right to free speech. Imprisonment for defamation and censorship were abolished in 2005; however, journalists found guilty of libel or slander face fines of 100,000 to eight million CFA francs ($200 to US$16,000). The law provides for imprisonment and fines of as much as one million CFA francs (US$2,000) for journalists who use the media to incite disobedience among security forces or incite persons to violence, hatred, or discrimination. Similar fines and imprisonment of six months to two years may be imposed for the publication or broadcast of false or fabricated information that "would disturb the peace."[12]
Postal system
editL'Office National de la Poste et de l'Épargne (ONPE) is the government organization responsible for the postal service.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Central African Republic profile: Media", BBC News, 20 September 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ "About the ITU-D and the BDT".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Communications: Central African Republic", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 13 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ "La Radio et la télévision centrafricaine enfin sur satellite!" (in French), La diplomatie de Centrafrique à Paris, CAR Embassy in Paris. English translation. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Pascal, Fletcher (March 25, 2013), Bozize ouster is latest power grab in Africa's "phantom state", Reuters, retrieved January 24, 2021
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013
- ^ "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012", International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
- ^ Select Formats Archived 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
- ^ Population, The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
- ^ 3.3 Central African Republic Additional Service Providers, Atlassian, retrieved January 24, 2021
{{citation}}: External link in|publication-place= - ^ a b "Central African Republic", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 28 March 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ "Presentation Station". 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2014 edition.)- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
External links
edit- Central African Republic profile, BBC News.