Maha Thu Thiri Dhammayaza (Burmese: မဟာသုသီရိဓမ္မရာဇာ, Pali: Mahāsusīridhammarājā; born Myo Htwe; c. 1842 – 17 February 1879), commonly known as the Prince of Thonze (Burmese: သုံးဆယ်မင်းသား) or Thonze Minthagyi (Burmese: သုံးဆယ်မင်းသားကြီး), was a first-ranked royal prince of the late Konbaung dynasty. He was a senior son of King Mindon and was the Viceroy of Chindwin Province.[1]
| Thonze Prince | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thonze Minthagyi | |||||
| Reign | 1862 - 1879 | ||||
| Viceroy of Chindwin Province | |||||
| Reign | 1878 | ||||
| Born | c. 1842 Ava | ||||
| Died | 1879 (aged 36–37) Mandalay Palace | ||||
| Spouse | Yan Aung Myin Princess | ||||
| Issue | Four sons | ||||
| |||||
| House | Konbaung | ||||
| Father | King Mindon | ||||
| Mother | Konnaywa Mibaya | ||||
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism | ||||
Early life and career
editMaung Myo Htwe, the eldest of 13 siblings, was born in about 1842 to the future King Mindon and his consort, Khonnaywa Mibaya.[2] Since his mother was a descendant of Ekkathat, the last king of Ayutthaya, he was a Siamese-Burmese prince.[3]
When his father ascended the throne, on 26 August 1853, he received the title of Thado Minsaw, and was granted the appanage of Laungshe.[4] On 13 March 1854, he received the appanage of Thonze, and then became known as the Prince (or Myoza) of Thonze (Duke of Thonze).[5]
In July 1854 when he was 12 years old, he underwent the Yaungdonbwe where he had his hair tied in a topknot and the Shinbyu (Coming of age) ceremonies, together with the princes of Malun, Myingun and Padein.[6] On 15 June 1862 when he was 20, he married Yan Aung Myin Princess, a daughter of Kanaung Mintha and his consort, Khin Kye.[7]
Later years
editAt the Wa-gyut Gadaw ceremony in 1862, he received the title of Maha Thu Thiri Dhammayaza from his father.[8] He was promoted to Minthagyi (lit. 'Great Prince'), and was thereafter known as Thonze Minthagyi.[9]
He traveled to Pegu and Rangoon on 21 March 1863.[10] When he returned to the palace, with the help of his father, he founded the Royal Diocesan High School (present-day No. 10 Basic Education High School, Mandalay) for the royal princes.[11]
When King Mindon fell ill in 1878, he and other senior princes who could potentially be heir to the throne were seized and thrown into prison by Hsinbyumashin who dominated the king's last days.[12][13] The king was informed the situation within a week; Thonze Prince was released and was appointed as the Viceroy of Chindwin Province. But he was arrested again the following day.[14][15]
He was executed on 17 February 1879 as part of the royal massacre and buried in the palace grounds.[16][17]
References
edit- ^ Khin Khin Lay 2003: 396
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 307
- ^ "ထိုင်းဘုရင်သွေး မကင်းတဲ့ မြန်မာတွေ". BBC News မြန်မာ (in Burmese). 26 October 2017.
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 121
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 128
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 150
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 211
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 198
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 199
- ^ Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 213
- ^ "မန္တလေး (ရတနာပုံ) ခေတ် မင်းညီမင်းသားများ ပညာသင်ကြားခဲ့သော ဒိုင်အိုသံတဲကျောင်းတော်ကြီး နှစ် (၁၅၀) ပြည့် စာအုပ်မိတ်ဆက်". lotaya.mpt.com.mm.
- ^ Sein Tin 2005: 59–62
- ^ Khin Khin Lay 2003: 375–378
- ^ Sein Tin 2005: 63–64
- ^ Khin Khin Lay 2003: 397–400
- ^ "မြနန်းစံကျော်ရွှေနန်းတော်ကြီးဆီမှ". 7Day News - ၇ ရက်နေ့စဉ် သတင်း.
- ^ "၁၂၄၀ ပြည့်နှစ် မန္တလေးနန်းတွင်း အရှုပ်တော်ပုံတွင် စီရင်ဖျောက်ဖျက်ခြင်းခံခဲ့ရသည့် မင်းတုန်းမင်းတရားကြီး၏ ဒုတိယမြောက်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရားကြီး၊ မက္ခရာမင်းသားကြီးနှင့် မင်းသား ၄၀ ကျော်အားရည်စူး၍ ဆုတောင်းအမျှပေးဝေ". Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd (in Burmese).
Bibliography
edit- Maung Maung Tin, U (October 2004). Konbaung Set Yazawin (Chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty) (in Burmese) (4th ed.). Yangon: Department of Universities History Research, University of Yangon.
- Khin Khin Lay, Dagon (December 2003). The Beginning and the Ending of Yadanabon (ရတနာပုံ၏ နိဒါန်းနှင့် နိဂုံး) (in Burmese). တော်ဝင်မြို့မ စာအုပ်တိုက်.
- Sein Tin, Tekkatho (June 2005). King Thibaw and Supayalat (သီပေါဘုရင်နှင့် စုဖုရားလတ်) (in Burmese) (1st ed.). အားမာန်သစ်စာပေ.