Wikipedia

Typhoon Usagi (2024)

For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Usagi and List of storms named Ofel.

Typhoon Usagi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ofel, was a powerful tropical cyclone that impacted the Philippines before later affecting Taiwan in early November 2024. It was the fifth of six consecutive tropical cyclones that impacted the Philippines within a span of four weeks, following Tropical Storm Trami and Typhoons Kong-rey, Yinxing, and Toraji, and preceding the stronger Typhoon Man-yi. Additionally, Usagi was also part of the four tropical cyclones to simultaneously exist in the Western Pacific during the month of November, the first time since records began in 1951; the other three were Yinxing, Toraji and Man-yi.

Typhoon Usagi (Ofel)
Typhoon Usagi nearing landfall at peak intensity on November 13
Meteorological history
FormedNovember 9, 2024
DissipatedNovember 16, 2024
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg
Category 4-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds240 km/h (150 mph)
Lowest pressure933 hPa (mbar); 27.55 inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone
Missing1
Damage$9.56 – 73.78 million (2024 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines (particularly Northern Luzon), Taiwan
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

The twenty-fifth named storm and the fifth super typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Usagi, developed from an area of convection located 494 km (307 mi) east of Chuuk. As it moved westward along the southern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high, the system exhibited formative convective banding wrapping cyclonically around the northern and western quadrants, signaling intensification. On November 13, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that the system had peaked as a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson scale, with 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph). The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) noted that Usagi reached its maximum strength with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg). Usagi made landfall in Baggao, Cagayan, on Luzon Island on November 14, as indicated by satellite imagery. After crossing northern Luzon, Usagi emerged into the Babuyan Channel, moving northwestward along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high and passing close to the Babuyan Islands and northern Cagayan, with satellite imagery revealing a rapidly weakening low-level circulation and deep convection flaring to the northeast of a broad, partially exposed center. The system, exhibiting a very ragged appearance and weakening significantly due to increasing vertical wind shear, showed disorganized rotation and slow spin just offshore of southwestern Taiwan. The JMA continued to track it until it dissipated on November 16.

PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal for various areas, and the DSWD announced it had spent ₱1 billion (US$20.3 million) in response to Usagi and previous storms. As a precaution, two spillways at the Magat Dam were left open, and authorities advised people evacuated due to earlier typhoons not to return home. In Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration issued a sea warning for the southern part of the Taiwan Strait on November 14, followed by a land warning for Pingtung County and the Hengchun Peninsula. Usagi caused US$9.56–73.78 million in damages and left one person missing in the Philippines.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Usagi emerged from an area of convection 494 km (307 mi) east of Chuuk, with satellite imagery showing a broad area of persistent convection that began to consolidate on November 8.[1] At 12:00 UTC the following day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression, citing a favorable environment for development, with low to moderate vertical wind shear, moderate divergence aloft, and warm sea surface temperatures.[2][3] By 13:00 UTC on November 10, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, citing increasing curved convective banding around the periphery and convection building over the center of the system, indicating an intensifying tropical system.[4] The next day, the JTWC designated the system as 27W, as it developed at the southeast end of an active zone extending from the Philippine Sea off the northeast coast of Luzon.[5] As it moved westward along the southern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high, the system exhibited formative convective banding wrapping cyclonically around the northern and western quadrants, signaling intensification,[6] and at 18:00 UTC on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Usagi;[7] it then moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where PAGASA named it Ofel.[8]

 
Four simultaneously active tropical cyclones on November 11. From left to right: Yinxing, Toraji, Usagi, and Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951[9]

Early the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm, as improved convective banding wrapped around the western periphery.[10][11] On November 12, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a minimal typhoon, as it exhibited well-defined convective banding tightly wrapping around an obscured low-level circulation center.[12][13] Satellite imagery reveals that the pinhole eye has contracted even further, indicating extremely rapid intensification.[14] On November 13, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked as a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon after Usagi attained 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph),[15] while the JMA indicated that Usagi reached its peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg).[16] Usagi made landfall in Baggao, Cagayan, on Luzon Island at around 1:30 PM PHT (05:30 UTC) on November 14,[17] as indicated by satellite imagery, with the eye quickly filling and the central dense overcast becoming more asymmetric.[18] After crossing northern Luzon, Usagi emerged into the Babuyan Channel, moving northwestward along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high and passing close to the Babuyan Islands and northern Cagayan,[19] leading the JMA to downgrade the system to a severe tropical storm,[20][21] while satellite imagery shows a rapidly weakening low-level circulation with deep convection flaring to the northeast of a broad, partially exposed center.[22] The system, exhibiting a very ragged appearance just southwest of Taiwan and weakening significantly due to increasing vertical wind shear,[23] exhibited disorganized rotation and slow spinning just offshore of southwestern Taiwan, prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning on November 16 as it weakened into a tropical depression.[24] Afterward, the JMA continued to track the system until it dissipated at 12:00 UTC on the same day.[25]

Preparations, impact, and aftermath

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Usagi approaching the Philippines on November 12

Beginning November 12, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 for Cagayan, the Babuyan Islands and parts of Apayao and Isabela.[26] The next day, Signal No. 2 was raised over Cagayan (including Babuyan Islands) and parts of Isabela and Apayao, while Signal No. 1 was raised in Abra, Batanes, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quirino and parts of Aurora and Nueva Vizcaya.[27] On November 12, Signal No. 3 was raised in northeastern Cagayan, while Signal No. 1 was extended to parts of Ilocos Sur.[28] PAGASA also warned of storm surges and torrential rainfall affecting northern Luzon and Aurora.[29] On November 14, PAGASA initiated Signal No. 5, its highest wind signal, for the northern portion of Cagayan, while Signal No. 4 was raised for Babuyan Islands and other parts of the province.[30] The DSWD said that it had spent ₱1 billion (US$20.3 million) in funds to respond to Usagi and previous storms Tropical Storm Trami (Kristine), Typhoon Kong-rey (Leon), Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika).[31]

Two spillways in the Magat Dam were left open as a precaution.[32] Authorities advised people evacuated due to previous typhoons Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika) not to return home.[33] The DILG advised officials in the Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, and Cordillera Administrative Region to prepare resources for the storm.[34] Evacuations were also ordered in Cagayan,[35] where a red alert status was retained.[36] More than 5,000 families were evacuated in the province,[37] while 3,471 individuals were evacuated in Isabela.[38] Usagi destroyed infrastructure in Baggao, where more than 1,000 families were evacuated.[39] In Gonzaga, two houses were swept away, while uprooted trees caused a bridge to collapse in the same town, cutting off access to the neighboring town of Santa Ana,[40][41] which was in turn affected by floods.[42] A six-year-old boy went missing after falling into a river in Amulung, Cagayan.[43] The South Korean government provided aid valued at ₱30 million (US$609,137.06) through the World Food Programme to assist those affected by Trami and other recent storms, including Kong-rey, Yingxing, Toraji, and Usagi.[44] The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office donated disaster relief supplies worth over ₱5 million (US$101,522.84) to the Philippines.[45]

As of November 17, 2024, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that 852,475 people were affected, with 111,658 displaced from their homes. Infrastructure damage in the Philippines amounted to ₱469.8 million (US$9.54 million), while agricultural damage in Central Luzon reached ₱855,326 (US$17,367.03).[46] The Philippine Coast Guard opened a donation drive for those affected by the storm.[47] However, in the NDRRMC's report on November 24, the damage of three typhoons Toraji (Nika), Usagi (Ofel) and Man-yi could reached ₱784.68 million (US$15.93 million) in agriculture, while infrastructure damage reached ₱2.85 billion (US$57.84 million) for a total of ₱3.63 billion (US$73.78 million). Additionally, 232 cities experienced power outages, and 123,441 houses were damaged. Flooding continued to impact at least 360 areas across the country.[48] In Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration released a sea warning for the storm covering the southern part of the Taiwan Strait on November 14, followed by a land warning covering Pingtung County and the Hengchun Peninsula later in the day.[49] Several flights, ferries and train services were cancelled.[50]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 01Z 8 November 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 November 2024. Archived from the original on November 8, 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  2. ^ Warning and Summary 091200 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 9, 2024. Archived from the original on November 9, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  3. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 03Z 9 November 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 9 November 2024. Archived from the original on November 9, 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  4. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 10 November 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  5. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 27W (Twenty-Seven) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  6. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Twenty-Seven) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  7. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for TS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 4, 2024. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  8. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #1 for Tropical Storm 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  9. ^ Shackelford, Robert (2024-11-12). "Four storms churning the West Pacific at the same time mean more bad news for the Philippines". CNN. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
  10. ^ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for STS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 12, 2024. Archived from the original on November 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  11. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 5 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  12. ^ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for TY Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 12, 2024. Archived from the original on November 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 9 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 11 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Category 4-Equivalent Super Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 12 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  16. ^ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for TY Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 14, 2024. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  17. ^ Arceo, Acor (2024-11-14). "Ofel weakens into typhoon, makes landfall in Cagayan". Rappler. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 14 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 15 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 20 for STS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 14, 2024. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  21. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #18 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  22. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 18 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  23. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  24. ^ Tropical Depression 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 22 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  25. ^ Warning and Summary 161200 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 16, 2024. Archived from the original on November 16, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  26. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #4 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Ofel'" (PDF). PAGASA. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  27. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #7 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  28. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #9 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  29. ^ "Cagayan, Isabela to see torrential rain as Typhoon Ofel strengthens". Rappler. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  30. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #13 for Super Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  31. ^ "DSWD: 5 last cyclones depleted P1B quick response fund". GMA News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  32. ^ "Still recovering from Nika, Isabela braces for Typhoon Ofel". GMA News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  33. ^ "Typhoon Nika evacuees in Cordillera told to stay put ahead of Ofel". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  34. ^ "DILG asks northern Luzon LGUs to prepare resources for Ofel". GMA News. 12 November 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  35. ^ "Evacuations, call for aid as Typhoon Ofel approaches Philippines". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  36. ^ "Epekto ng Bagyong Ofel aasahan na sa Isabela at Cagayan". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 12 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  37. ^ "Evacuees in Cagayan swell as Ofel makes landfall". GMA News. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  38. ^ "Bilang ng mga inilikas sa Isabela dahil sa pananalasa ng Bagyong Ofel, umabot na sa 3,471 indibidwal". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  39. ^ "Ilang istruktura sa paaralan sa bayan ng Baggao, Cagayan, nawasak dahil sa pananalasa ng Bagyong Ofel". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  40. ^ "Typhoon Man-yi bears down on Philippines still reeling from Usagi". France 24. 2024-11-15.
  41. ^ "Tulay sa San Jose, Gonzaga sa Cagayan, nahati". Net 25 (in Filipino). Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  42. ^ "Typhoon Ofel leaves trail of destruction in Cagayan". GMA News. 2024-11-15.
  43. ^ "Search and rescue operation sa anim na taong gulang na bata sa bayan ng Amulung, nagpapatuloy". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  44. ^ "South Korea gives P30M to help typhoon-affected families in PH". GMA News Online. 2024-11-17. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
  45. ^ "Taiwan donates P5-M disaster relief to storm-battered PH". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  46. ^ Ombay, Giselle (2024-11-17). "Infra damage due to Nika, Ofel, Pepito hits P469M —NDRRMC". GMA News. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  47. ^ "Coast Guard calls for donations for typhoon-hit families". GMA News. 2024-11-17. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  48. ^ Situational Report No. 26 for the Combined Effects TCs Nika, Ofel, and Pepito (2024) (PDF) (Report). Quezon City, Philippines: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 24, 2024. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  49. ^ "Taiwan issues land warning for Typhoon Usagi". Focus Taiwan. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  50. ^ "Flights, trains, ferry services in Taiwan affected by Typhoon Usagi". Focus Taiwan. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
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