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Wyoming County, New York

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For other uses, see Wyoming County.

Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state's western area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,531.[2] The county seat is Warsaw.[3] The name is modified from a Lenape (Delaware) Native American word meaning "broad bottom lands". Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841. Wyoming County is one of New York's mostly agricultural counties. With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county, there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people.[4] The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Wyoming County
County
Old Wyoming County Courthouse
Old Wyoming County Courthouse
Flag of Wyoming County
Flag
Official seal of Wyoming County
Seal
Map of New York highlighting Wyoming County
Location within the U.S. state of New York
Map of the United States highlighting New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°50′N 78°05′W / 42.83°N 78.08°W / 42.83; -78.08
Country United States
State New York
Founded1841
SeatWarsaw
Largest villageWarsaw
Area
 • Total
596 sq mi (1,540 km2)
 • Land593 sq mi (1,540 km2)
 • Water3.5 sq mi (9 km2)  0.6%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
40,531[1]
 • Density68.4/sq mi (26.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district24th
Websitewww.wyomingco.net

History

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As with the rest of Western New York, Wyoming County was part of disputed territory throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, claimed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Connecticut Colony, Pennsylvania Colony, New York Colony, and New France. New York's claims were not recognized until the Treaty of Hartford was ratified in 1786 and were not actively asserted until the Holland Purchase.

In regard to New York's claim, as of 1683 the present Wyoming County was part of Albany County of the Province of New York. This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766, by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in the state of Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now includes 37 counties of New York State.

In the years prior to 1776, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to Montgomery County in order to honor the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, Ontario County was split off from Montgomery as part of the establishment of the Morris Reserve.

Almost all of the land west of the Genesee River, including all of present-day Wyoming County, was part of the Holland Land Purchase in 1793. It was sold privately to settlers through the Holland Land Company's office in Batavia, starting in 1801.

Genesee County was created by a splitting of Ontario County in 1802 to govern the land acquired in the Holland Purchase. This territory was much larger than the present Genesee County. It was reduced in size in 1806 by creating Allegany County; again in 1808 by creating Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, and Niagara counties. Niagara County at that time also included the present Erie County.

In 1821, portions of Genesee County were combined with portions of Ontario County to create Livingston and Monroe counties.

Genesee County was further reduced in size in 1824 by creating Orleans County.

Finally, in 1841, Wyoming County was created from the southern half of Genesee County, the northwest corner of Allegany County, and a small portion of the northeast corner of Cattaraugus County.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 596 square miles (1,540 km2), of which 593 square miles (1,540 km2) is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2) (0.6%) is water.[5]

Wyoming County is in the western part of New York State, east of Buffalo and slightly west of due south of Rochester. The county is in the Holland Purchase Region.

The county is largely rural, dotted with small towns. Even the county seat, Warsaw is quite small. The land surface is generally broken and hilly, and the soil fertile.[6] Much of the area is wooded, used for timber. Some that are predominantly maple are tapped each spring for the production of maple syrup. Agriculture dominates the county economy. Apple orchards were once a major agricultural endeavor, but only a few are left. The area is also well known for outdoor sports, being an excellent area for fishing, hunting, and snowmobiling.

An active geologic fault runs down the Dale valley through Linden, to the east of Batavia and into Lake Ontario. Movement of the fault is an occasional source of minor earthquakes, which, at most, have toppled a couple chimneys. The Dale Valley has been developed as a source of salt by way of brine wells, for the chemical industry. A pipeline moves the brine to Niagara Falls.

The county is bounded on the southeast by the Genesee River, and drained by tributaries of that stream, as well as Tonawanda, Buffalo, and other creeks.[6] An important tributary of the Genesee River, Oatka Creek, has its source in the Town of Gainesville within the county.

Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
185031,981—
186031,9680.0%
187029,164−8.8%
188030,9076.0%
189031,1930.9%
190030,413−2.5%
191031,8804.8%
192030,314−4.9%
193028,764−5.1%
194031,3949.1%
195032,8224.5%
196034,7936.0%
197037,6888.3%
198039,8955.9%
199042,5076.5%
200043,4242.2%
201042,155−2.9%
202040,531−3.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9]
1990-2000[10] 2010-2020[2]

At the 2000 census,[12] there were 43,424 people, 14,906 households and 10,717 families residing in the county. The population density was 73 per square mile (28/km2). There were 16,940 housing units at an average density of 29 units per square mile (11/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 91.84% White, 5.52% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.32% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 2.94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 31.7% were of German, 12.5% English, 10.9% Irish, 10.2% Polish, 9.3% American and 7.7% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 97.1% spoke English and 1.8% Spanish as their first language.

There were 14,906 households, of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.30% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 23.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.08.

Age distribution was 24.10% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 32.80% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 12.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 118.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.40 males.

The median household income was $39,895, and the median family income was $45,088. Males had a median income of $31,973 versus $22,252 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,248. About 5.80% of families and 8.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.60% of those under age 18 and 5.80% of those age 65 or over.

2020 Census

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Wyoming County Racial Composition[13]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 35,579 87.8%
Black or African American (NH) 1,852 4.6%
Native American (NH) 83 0.2%
Asian (NH) 217 0.54%
Pacific Islander (NH) 6 .01%
Other/Mixed (NH) 1,304 3.22%
Hispanic or Latino 1,490 3.7%

Government

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Wyoming County is somewhat unusual among New York counties in that it remains governed by a 16-member Board of Supervisors, consisting of the town supervisor of each town in its territory.[14]

State and federal government

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Office District Area of the county Officeholder Party First took office Residence
Congressman New York's 24th congressional district All Claudia Tenney Republican 2021 New Hartford, Oneida County
State Senator 57th State Senate District All George Borrello Republican 2019 (special) Fredonia, New York
State Assemblyman 133th State Assembly District Perry Marjorie Byrnes Republican 2019 Caledonia, Livingston County
State Assemblyman 147th State Assembly District All (except Perry) David J. DiPietro Republican 2013 East Aurora, Erie County

Wyoming County is part of:

Politics

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United States presidential election results for Wyoming County, New York[15]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 13,898 71.52% 5,073 26.11% 461 2.37%
2016 12,442 71.93% 3,904 22.57% 952 5.50%
2012 10,348 63.35% 5,661 34.66% 326 2.00%
2008 10,998 62.25% 6,379 36.11% 290 1.64%
2004 11,745 64.64% 6,134 33.76% 290 1.60%
2000 10,809 61.30% 5,999 34.02% 825 4.68%
1996 7,477 47.26% 5,735 36.25% 2,609 16.49%
1992 7,324 44.73% 4,045 24.70% 5,006 30.57%
1988 9,451 63.59% 5,228 35.17% 184 1.24%
1984 11,199 71.69% 4,381 28.04% 42 0.27%
1980 8,108 55.72% 5,234 35.97% 1,210 8.32%
1976 9,726 62.59% 5,737 36.92% 76 0.49%
1972 11,184 71.75% 4,365 28.00% 39 0.25%
1968 8,459 61.45% 4,477 32.52% 829 6.02%
1964 6,099 40.71% 8,866 59.19% 15 0.10%
1960 10,793 66.19% 5,508 33.78% 6 0.04%
1956 12,499 78.63% 3,397 21.37% 0 0.00%
1952 12,154 75.05% 4,038 24.94% 2 0.01%
1948 9,871 67.78% 4,508 30.95% 185 1.27%
1944 10,219 69.57% 4,455 30.33% 15 0.10%
1940 11,323 71.87% 4,393 27.88% 39 0.25%
1936 10,253 69.09% 4,420 29.78% 168 1.13%
1932 9,377 66.33% 4,490 31.76% 270 1.91%
1928 10,830 71.48% 3,992 26.35% 330 2.18%
1924 10,148 74.05% 2,512 18.33% 1,045 7.62%
1920 9,134 75.48% 2,442 20.18% 525 4.34%
1916 4,952 62.14% 2,783 34.92% 234 2.94%
1912 2,838 35.79% 2,541 32.05% 2,550 32.16%
1908 5,308 62.32% 2,885 33.87% 324 3.80%
1904 5,456 65.76% 2,477 29.85% 364 4.39%
1900 5,032 60.31% 2,896 34.71% 415 4.97%
1896 4,967 62.28% 2,706 33.93% 302 3.79%
1892 4,430 55.61% 2,948 37.01% 588 7.38%
1888 4,899 57.04% 3,166 36.86% 524 6.10%
1884 4,441 54.38% 3,189 39.05% 536 6.56%

Wyoming County is extremely conservative. In state and national politics, Wyoming County is one of the most Republican counties in New York, a state that characteristically votes Democratic. In both the 2004 and 2008 U.S. presidential elections, it was the second-reddest county in New York, behind Hamilton County. In fact, the only Democrat to carry the county since the Civil War has been Lyndon Baines Johnson in 1964, during an election when no county in the Empire State supported Republican Barry Goldwater.[16] In 2004, George W. Bush carried Wyoming County by a 30.9 percent margin over John Kerry, with Kerry carrying the state by an 18.3 percent margin. However, Senator Chuck Schumer concurrently won the county very narrowly; this was the last time that Wyoming County voted Democratic in a statewide federal election. In 2008, John McCain won the county by a 26.1 percent margin over Barack Obama, with Obama defeating McCain statewide by 26.7 percent. In New York's 2006 U.S. Senatorial election, Wyoming County voted for John Spencer by a 4% margin over Hillary Clinton, with Clinton being re-elected by a 36% margin over Spencer.[17] In 2010, Wyoming County was one of only three counties to favor Republican Jay Townsend over Schumer. In the Senate Special election that same year, the county favored Republican Joe DioGuardi over the Democratic incumbent, Kirsten Gillibrand. In 2012, Wyoming County again selected a Republican for this seat, being one of only two counties (the other being neighboring Allegany County) to vote in favor of Republican candidate Wendy Long rather than Gillibrand. In 2016, Wyoming County once again favored Long as she lost statewide to Schumer. In 2018, the county once again rejected Gillibrand by favoring Republican Chele Farley.

In 2017 Jon Campbell of the Democrat & Chronicle wrote that the county "is solid Trump Country."[18]

Points of interest

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  • Letchworth State Park, on the Genesee River forms part of the southeastern boundary of the county. A deep gorge with three major waterfalls characterize this scenic and historic area, created when a glacier during the last Ice age diverted the river and forced it to cut a new valley. It is the home area of Mary Jemison, the White Woman of the Genesee, who was captured as a young person by the Seneca tribe and became an important figure in negotiations between the tribe and the land companies.
  • Middlebury Academy, in Wyoming village, the first high school level school west of the Genesee. The Greek revival building still exists and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • Hillside Inn, opened originally as a spa at mineral springs on the hill above Wyoming village around 1841, has entertained many important persons, including Theodore Roosevelt and his family and Susan B. Anthony,
  • Arcade and Attica Railroad is a restoration of a steam locomotive.
  • Attica maximum security prison is located in the northernmost part of the county.
  • The Bliss Wind Farm is located in Eagle.
  • Gaslight Village - downtown Wyoming is a historic village lit by gas street lamps. Deposits of natural gas and salt have been an economic factor in the development of the area.
  • Silver Lake - this tiny glacial lake is the only one of the Finger Lakes group of lakes that is west of the Genesee.
  • Morton Salt - One of the largest salt mines in the Northeast is located in Silver Springs and has been running since the mid-to-late 19th century.

Communities

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Map showing the Hamlets, Census Designated Places, and municipalities of Wyoming County. Wyoming County does not have any cities or reservations.

Larger Settlements

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# Location Population Type Sector
2 Perry 3,536 Village Northeast
1 †Warsaw 3,646 Village Northeast
3 ‡Attica 2,547 Village Northwest
4 Arcade 2,071 Village Southwest
5 Castile 1,015 Village Southeast
6 Silver Springs 782 Village Southeast
7 Strykersville 647 CDP Northwest
8 Bliss 527 CDP Southwest
9 Wyoming 434 Village Northeast
10 Pike 371 Hamlet/CDP Southeast
11 Gainesville 304 Village Southeast

Towns

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Hamlets

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Education

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School districts include:[19]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Wyoming County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ Paybarah, Azi [@Azi] (July 1, 2019). ""Assemblyman David DiPietro & Sen. Pat Gallivan noted that Wyoming County has more cows (47,500 dairy cows in 2017, according to the state Department of Agriculture and Markets) than people (40,493 in 2017, per the U.S. Census Bureau)" via @JimmyVielkind" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Wyoming. I. A W. county of New York" . The American Cyclopædia.
  7. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  8. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  9. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  10. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  11. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  12. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  13. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Wyoming County, New York".
  14. ^ McKinley, Dave (February 13, 2013). Wyoming Co. Supervisors Call On NYS To Repeal SAFE Act. WGRZ. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  15. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
  16. ^ Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, pp. 90, 263 ISBN 0786422173
  17. ^ U.S. Election Atlas
  18. ^ Campbell, Jon (January 12, 2017). "In his home state, rural New York is Trump Country". Democrat & Chronicle. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  19. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Wyoming County, NY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 21, 2024. - Text list
  20. ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.

Further reading

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42°50′N 78°5′W / 42.833°N 78.083°W / 42.833; -78.083

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