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Line 1: ~~{{wikipedia\|dab=bitter}}~~ ==English== {{wikipedia\|bitter}} ===Etymology=== From {{inh\|en\|enm\|bitternesse}}, {{m\|enm\|biternesse}}, from {{inh\|en\|ang\|biternes\|t=bitterness; grief}}, equivalent to {{suf\|en\|bitter\|ness}}. ~~{{suffix\|bitter\|ness}}~~ ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA\|en\|/ˈbɪtənəs/\|a=RP}} * {{audio\|en\|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bitterness.wav\|a=Southern England}} ===Noun=== {{en-noun\|-~}} # ~~the~~The quality of having a [[bitter]] [[taste]]. # ~~the~~The quality of [[feeling]] bitter; [[acrimony]], [[resentment]]; the quality of exhibiting such feelings. #: ''She kept her '''bitterness''' about her mistreatment for the rest of her life.'' #: ''the '''bitterness''' of his words'' #* {{quote-text\|en\|year=2001\|author=Jonathan Franzen\|title=The Corrections \|passage=She suspected that during the summer her father had mentioned Brian’s windfall to Billy and that father and son had then traded snidenesses and '''bitternesses''' about the W—— Corporation and bourgeois Robin and leisure-class Brian.}} # The quality of eliciting a bitter, [[humiliating]] or [[harsh]] feeling. #: {{ux\|en\|Nothing could assuage the '''bitterness''' of their defeat.}} # Harsh cold. #: {{ux\|en\|The '''bitterness''' of the winter caught us all by surprise.}} ====Synonyms==== * {{sense\|quality of being bitter in taste}} [[{{l\|en\|acerbicness]]}}, [[{{l\|en\|acridity]]}}, [[{{l\|en\|acridness]]}} * {{sense\|quality of feeling bitter}} [[{{l\|en\|acrimony]]}}, [[{{l\|en\|gall]]}}, [[{{l\|en\|rancor]]}}/[[rancour]], [[resentment]] ====Translations==== {{trans-top\|quality of being bitter in taste}} * ~~Bulgarian~~Arabic: {{t\|bgar\|~~горчивина~~مَرَارَة\|f}} * Aromanian: {{t\|rup\|amãrãciuni\|f}}, {{t\|rup\|amãreatsã\|f}} * Finnish: [[kitkeryys]] * Asturian: {{t+\|ast\|amargor\|m}}, {{t+\|ast\|amargura\|f}} * Bulgarian: {{t+\|bg\|горчивина\|f}} * Catalan: {{t+\|ca\|amargor\|f}}, {{t\|ca\|amargura\|f}}, {{t\|ca\|amarguesa\|f}} * Cebuano: {{t\|ceb\|kapait}} * Esperanto: {{t\|eo\|amareco}}, {{t+\|eo\|amaro}} * Finnish: {{t+\|fi\|kitkeryys}} * Franco-Provençal: {{t\|frp\|amaritúdina\|f}} * French: {{t+\|fr\|amertume\|f}} * Galician: {{t+\|gl\|amargor\|m}}, {{t+\|gl\|amargura\|f}}, {{t\|gl\|amargueza\|f}}, {{t\|gl\|amarguranza\|f}} * Greek: {{t+\|el\|πίκρα\|f\|tr=píkra}} * German: {{t+\|de\|Bitterkeit\|f}}, {{t+\|de\|Bitternis\|f}} * Hebrew: [[מרירות]] (merirut) {{f}} * Gothic: {{t\|got\|𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹\|f}} * Latin: {{t-\|la\|acerbitas\|f\|alt=acerbitās}}, {{t-\|la\|amaritas\|f\|alt=amāritās}}, {{t-\|la\|amarities\|f\|alt=amāritiēs}}, {{t+\|la\|amaritudo\|f\|alt=amāritūdō}}, {{t-\|la\|amarulentia\|f\|alt=amārulentia}}, {{t-\|la\|austeritas\|f\|alt=austēritās}} * Greek: {{t+\|el\|πίκρα\|f}} ~~{{trans-mid}}~~ : ~~Romanian~~Ancient: {{t\|rogrc\|~~amărăciune~~πικρία\|f}}, {{t\|rogrc\|~~amăreală~~πικρότης\|f}} ~~Russian~~Hebrew: {{t\|ruhe\|~~горечь~~מרירות\|f\|tr=~~gór'eč~~merirut}} * ~~Spanish~~Hungarian: {{t+\|eshu\|~~amargo\|m~~keserűség}} * Italian: {{t+\|it\|amarezza\|f}} * Kapampangan: {{t\|pam\|pait}} * Korean: {{t+\|ko\|쓴맛}}, {{t\|ko\|고미}} * Latin: {{t\|la\|acerbitās\|f}}, {{t\|la\|amāritās\|f}}, {{t\|la\|amāritiēs\|f}}, {{t+\|la\|amāritūdō\|f}}, {{t\|la\|amārulentia\|f}}, {{t\|la\|austēritās\|f}} * Macedonian: {{t\|mk\|горчина\|f\|sc=Cyrl}} * Malayalam: {{t\|ml\|കയ്പ്പ്}} * Norwegian: : Bokmål: {{t+\|nb\|bitterhet\|m\|f}} Ottoman Turkish: {{t\|ota\|آجیلق\|tr=acılık}} * Plautdietsch: {{t\|pdt\|Bettaniss\|f}} * Polish: {{t+\|pl\|gorzkość\|f}}, {{t+\|pl\|gorycz\|f}} * Portuguese: {{t+\|pt\|amargura\|f}} * Romanian: {{t+\|ro\|amărăciune\|f}}, {{t+\|ro\|amăreală\|f}} * Russian: {{t+\|ru\|го́речь\|f}} * Sardinian: : Logudorese: {{t\|sc\|rangigùmene}} Slovak: {{t\|sk\|horkosť\|f}} * Spanish: {{t+\|es\|amargo\|m}}, {{t+\|es\|amargura\|f}}, {{t+\|es\|amargor\|m}} * Swedish: {{t+\|sv\|bitterhet\|c}} * Tagalog: {{t+\|tl\|pait}} * Tausug: {{t\|tsg\|pait}} * Telugu: {{t+\|te\|చేదు}} * Thai: {{t+\|th\|ความขม}} * Turkish: {{t+\|tr\|acılık}} * Ukrainian: {{t\|uk\|гірко́та́\|f}}, {{t\|uk\|гі́ркість\|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top\|quality of feeling bitter}} * Bulgarian: {{t+\|bg\|горчивина}} * Catalan: {{t+\|ca\|amargor\|f}}, {{t\|ca\|amargura\|f}}, {{t\|ca\|amarguesa\|f}} * Finnish: {{t-\|fi\|katkeruus}} * Esperanto: {{t\|eo\|amareco}}, {{t+\|eo\|amaro}}, {{t\|eo\|amarsento}} * Finnish: {{t+\|fi\|katkeruus}} * French: {{t+\|fr\|amertume\|f}} * Galician: {{t+\|gl\|amargor\|m}}, {{t+\|gl\|amargura\|f}}, {{t\|gl\|amargueza\|f}}, {{t\|gl\|amarguranza\|f}} * Greek: {{t+\|el\|πίκρα\|f\|tr=píkra}} * Gallurese: {{t\|sdn\|amalgura}} ~~{{trans-mid}}~~ * German: {{t+\|de\|Bitterkeit\|f}}, {{t+\|de\|Bitternis}} * Hebrew: [[מרירות]] (merirut) {{f}} * ~~Latin~~Gothic: {{t-\|lagot\|~~fel~~𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹}} * ~~Romanian~~Greek: {{t-+\|roel\|~~fiere~~πίκρα\|f}} : ~~Russian~~Ancient: {{t\|rugrc\|~~горечь~~πικρία\|f~~\|tr=gór'eč~~}} Hebrew: {{t\|he\|מרירות\|f\|tr=merirut}}, {{t+\|he\|מרה\|f\|tr=marah\|sc=Hebr}} * Hungarian: {{t+\|hu\|keserűség}} * Italian: {{t+\|it\|amarezza\|f}} * Korean: {{t+\|ko\|쓴맛}}, {{t\|ko\|고미}} * Latin: {{t\|la\|fel}} * Macedonian: {{t\|mk\|горчина\|f\|sc=Cyrl}} * Norwegian: : Bokmål: {{t+\|nb\|bitterhet\|m\|f}} Portuguese: {{t+\|pt\|amargura\|f}} * Romanian: {{t+\|ro\|fiere}} * Russian: {{t+\|ru\|го́речь\|f}} * Sardinian: : Campidanese: {{t\|sc\|amargura}} : Logudorese: {{t\|sc\|amargura}}, {{t\|sc\|aragòne}} * Sassarese: {{t\|sdc\|margùra}} * Spanish: {{t+\|es\|amargura\|f}}, {{t+\|es\|acíbar}} * Ukrainian: {{t\|uk\|гірко́та́\|f}}, {{t\|uk\|гі́ркість\|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top\|harsh cold}} * Finnish: {{t\|fi\|hyytävyys}}, {{t\|fi\|jäätävyys}}, {{t\|fi\|napakkuus}}, {{t+\|fi\|purevuus}}, {{t+\|fi\|tiukkuus}} {{trans-bottom}} ~~[[Category:~~{{C\|en\|Taste]]}} ~~[[ang:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[co:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[de:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[et:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[fr:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[gl:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[io:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[id:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[it:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[hu:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[oc:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[scn:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[fi:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[ta:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[te:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[vi:bitterness]]~~ ~~[[zh:bitterness]]~~