Wiktionary

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→Usage notes: English-speaking fora are becoming rife with the misspelling.
m replace {{pl-p}} with {{pl-pr}}, changing syntax as appropriate
 
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===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor+|en|la|[[per]] [[sē]]|t=by itself}}, from {{m|la|per|t=by, through}} and {{m|la|sē|t=itself, himself, herself, themselves}}.
 
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|UK}} {{IPA|en|/pəˈseɪ/|nocount=1|a=UK}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-per se.wav|Audio (a=Southern England)}}
* {{a|GA}} {{IPA|en|/pɚˈseɪ/|/pɚˈsiː/|nocount=1|a=GA}}
* {{IPA|en|/pəˈsæɪ/|nocount=1|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪ|iː|q2=General American|s=2}}
 
===Adverb===
{{en-adv|-|headnolinkhead=per se1}}
 
# {{senseid|en|in and of itself}} Without [[determination]] by or [[involvement]] of [[extraneous]] [[factor]]s; by its very nature.
#: {{syn|en|by itself|in itself|in and of itself|as such<qq:in certain senses>|sui generis<qq:occasionally, in one of its senses>}}
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:intrinsically}}
#: {{nearsyn|en|by definition|essentially|in essence|ipso facto|intrinsically|Thesaurus:intrinsically}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Troilus and Cressida|act=1|scene=2|passage=They say he is a very man '''''per se''''',<br>And stands alone.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1877|author=Walter Henry Hill|title=Elements of Philosophy: Comprising Logic and Ontology Or General Metaphysics|page=220
|text=A proposition is '''per se''' known as regards itself , but not '''per se''' known as regards us, when it has no medium of proof a priori, nor is its truth directly and immediately evident to us on first apprehending the terms.}}
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#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|title=Per Se: An Anthology of Fiction |author=Tima Smith |page= 176|ISBN=|passage=It's not that I've got anything against kids '''per se''', but I believe in discipline.}}
#: {{ux|en|Some people say that a hangover is caused by impurities in the drink, not by the alcohol '''per se'''.}}
# {{lbsenseid|en|colloquialstrictly speaking}} {{lb|en|sometimesnon-standard|proscribedmore loosely|negative polarity}} In a true or literal sense; as one would expect from the name or description.
#: {{syn|en|strictly speaking|sensu stricto|stricto sensu|true}}
#: {{ux|en|It's not a museum '''per se''', but they do have some interesting artifacts.}}
#* {{ante|1998}}, anonymous conversationalists, quoted in, 1998,<!--check this, because the date on the book is 1998, but I thought 13-digit ISBNs were used only later--> Tom Chiarella, ''Writing Dialogue'', Story Press, {{ISBN|9781884910326}}, page 12:
#*: I take photographs. But I'm not a photographer.
#*: '''Per se'''.<!--sic no italics-->
#*: Right. Not '''per se'''.<!--sic no italics-->
#*: Right.
#* {{quote-book|en|date=2012-03-22|author=Pamela Burnard|title=Musical Creativities in Practice|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199583942|page=202
|text=It's not a race against the competition '''''per se''''': that's not how it feels to me when I'm working on a project. <!--italics in original-->}}
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|text=Aquinas rejects this position, because then God would not be '''''per se''''' necessary, but would be necessitated by his own divine nature to create. Hence to be '''''per se''''' necessary, God must be free to create.<!--italics in original-->}}
# {{lb|en|legal}} Not leaving [[discretion]] to the [[judge]] to [[take into account]] [[additional]] [[factor]]s that could [[rebut]] the [[judgment]], [[derive|deriving]] the [[qualification]] from the [[statute]].
#: {{cot|en|eo ipso|ipso facto}}
#: {{ux|en|The law makes drunk driving illegal '''per se'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986|title=Administrative '''Per Se''': A Summary of State Forms and Procedures|author=|page= |ISBN=|passage=In an effort to assist states that may have recently adopted or expect to adopt administrative '''per se''', NHTSA has collected sample copies of forms and a brief description of the administrative procedures from selected states with in-place programs.}}
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====Usage notes====
* Because this is originally a Latin phrase, it is sometimes italicized when it is written.
<br />
* Often misspelled by English speakers as ''per say'' most Net searches (for example, "''per say vs persay''") return numerous sites providing explanations, history, etymologies, and more.
 
* Increasingly misspelled by English speakers as ''per say'' or ''persay'', most Net searches for "''per say vs persay''" return numerous sites providing explanations, etymologies, history, and more.
 
====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|ipso facto}}, {{l|en|in and of itself}}, {{l|en|as such}} {{q|in certain senses}}, {{l|en|sui generis}} {{q|occasionally, in one of its senses}}, [[in itself]], [[essentially]], [[in essence]], [[by itself]], [[by definition]], [[intrinsically]]
 
====Derived terms====
{{der2|en| ampersand|A-per-se|negligence per se}}
 
====Translations====
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===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-|headnolinkhead=per se1}}
 
# {{lb|en|philosophy}} [[posit|Posit]]ing itself and being a [[principle]] of its own [[determination]].
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===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=eeprs|Esper|Peers|Preespeers|Reeps|Spreespere|esper|peersPrees|Peres|pères|speer|spereSpree|spree|Esper|Peers|Serpe|prees}}
 
==Dutch==
 
===Alternative forms===
* {{qualifieralt|nl|persé||obsolete since spelling reform of 1995}} {{l|nl|persé}}
 
===Etymology===
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===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/pɛrˈseː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-per se.ogg|Audio}}
 
===Adverb===
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# [[necessarily]], [[absolutely]], [[without fail]]
# {{lb|nl|rare}} [[#English{{l|en|per se]]}}▼
# [[on purpose]]
▲# {{lb|nl|rare}} [[#English|per se]]
 
====Usage notes====
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===Pronunciation===
{{pl-p|'per 'sepr}}
 
===Preposition===
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==Spanish==
 
===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}
 
===Adverb===
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_se"