μάνδρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Some have proposed a Proto-Indo-European *mand- (“enclosure”), cognate with Sanskrit मन्दुरा (mandurā, “stable; bed”) and possibly related to μανδάκης (mandákēs, “band to tie trusses”), μάνδαλος (mándalos, “bolt”), and Proto-West Germanic *mandu (“basket”), with a possible Pre-Greek acquisition of one or more Pre-Indo-European wanderworts.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mán.draː/ → /ˈman.dra/ → /ˈman.dra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mán.draː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/

Noun

μᾰ́νδρᾱ • (mándrā) f (genitive μᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension

1. enclosed space
2. fold, pen, barn, or stable for cattle or sometimes horses

   Synonym: ὄστρῐμον (óstrimon)

   • 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 106
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 4.61
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.648a
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 659.3
3. (figurative) bezel of a ring depicting oxen
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epigrams 21
   • Palatine Anthology 9.746
   • 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 5.14
4. square on a draughtboard
5. cloister, monastery

Declension

First declension of ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ; τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ hē mándrā	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā	αἱ μᾰ́νδραι hai mándrai
Genitive	τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tês mándrās	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain	τῶν μᾰνδρῶν tôn mandrôn
Dative	τῇ μᾰ́νδρᾳ têi mándrāi	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain	ταῖς μᾰ́νδραις taîs mándrais
Accusative	τὴν μᾰ́νδρᾱν tḕn mándrān	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā	τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tā̀s mándrās
Vocative	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā	μᾰ́νδραι mándrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Ἀναξῐ́μᾰνδρος (Anaxímandros)
• ἀρχῐμᾰνδρῑ́της (arkhimandrī́tēs)
• μᾰ́νδρευμᾰ (mándreuma)

 

Descendants

• Greek: μάντρα (mántra), μάνδρα (mándra)
• → Latin: mandra
  • Catalan: mandra
  • Italian: mandria, mandra
  • Sardinian: mandra
  • → Albanian: mandër
  • → Old Irish: mainder
    • Irish: mainnear
• Sicilian: mànnira
• → Laz: მანდრე (mandre, “cowshed”)
• → Middle Armenian: մանդրայ (mandray), մանրայ (manray)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ماندره (mandra), مندره (mandra)
  • Turkish: mandıra
  • → Armenian: մանտռա (mantṙa)
  • → Aromanian: mandrã
  • → Bulgarian: ма́ндъра (mándǎra), мандра (mandra)
  • → Macedonian: мандра (mandra)
  • → Romanian: mandră
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мандра

    Latin script: mandra

Further reading

• “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• μάνδρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • stable idem, page 808.
  • stall idem, page 809.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Leschber, Corinna (2011) “Zeitliche Tiefe etymologischer Bezüge [Time depth in etymological research]”, in Linguistique Balkanique‎^[2] (in German), volume 50, numbers 2–3, Sofia, pages 75–78