ء

See also: ۽, ٕ, ٔ, and ٴ

ء U+0621, ء ARABIC LETTER HAMZA ← ؠ [U+0620] Arabic آ → [U+0622]

ﺀ U+FE80, ﺀ ARABIC LETTER HAMZA ISOLATED FORM ← ﹿ [U+FE7F] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺁ → [U+FE81]

Arabic

Etymology

Most Arabic dialects early on lost the Proto-Semitic glottal stop, which caused compensatory lengthening of a preceding short vowel. At the beginning of the Islamic period only some of the most conservative lects preserved the consonant. Therefore it was not reflected in the spelling: One generally wrote and pronounced ذِيب (ḏīb, “wolf”), for example. The grammarians, however, favoured the conservative pronunciation and indicated the glottal stop with various diacritic marks, which ultimately led to the contemporary ذِئْب (ḏiʔb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

Letter

ء or هَمْزَة • (ʔ or hamza)

1. Hamza (ء) is a sign in the Arabic script that represents the glottal stop /ʔ/. It can be considered a diacritic or a letter, but it is not counted among the 28 letters of the alphabet. The exact spelling of the glottal stop depends on the combination of vowels that follow and precede it. It may be written with آ /ʔaː/, أ /ʔa/, /aʔ/, /ʔu/, إ /ʔi/, ئ /ʔi/, /iʔ/, ؤ /ʔu/, /uʔ/, or, usually after a long vowel, ء.

Usage notes

• The curious vowel-dependent spelling of ء means that the triptotic noun declension, which is normally not reflected in the spelling, may become visible before a pronominal suffix. Compare: أَصْدِقاؤُنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔunā, “our friends”, nominative), أَصْدِقائِنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔinā, genitive), أَصْدِقاءَنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔanā, accusative).

See also

• آ (ʔā), أ (ʔ), إ (ʔ), ؤ (ʔ), ئ (ʔ), ٱ
• Arabic alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Baluchi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/ (or silent)

Letter

ء • (’)

1. همزه (hamza) — The twenty-forth letter of the Baluchi alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Compare Persian و (o), Central Kurdish و (û), Pashto او (aw).

Pronunciation

• (Quetta) IPA^(key): /‿o/ [‿ʊ]
• (Zahedan) IPA^(key): /‿o/ [‿o]

Conjunction

ءُ • (o)

1. and

   منٚ ءُ تؤ ― man o tau ― me and you

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Quetta, Zahedan) IPA^(key): /ˈa/ [ˈɐ]

Particle

ءَ • (’a)

1. marks the dative case

   ما مرگءَ کشتگٚتانٚ.

   Mà morg’a koštagantàn.

   We killed the bird.

Etymology 3

Compare Persian ـه (-eh).

Pronunciation

• (Quetta, Zahedan) IPA^(key): /ˈa/ [ˈɐ]

Suffix

ءَ • (’a)

1. used to form the past participle when used after the infinitive

   تؤ گندگءَ بوتے.

   Tau gendag’a butè.

   You were seen.

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Quetta) IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈe̞~ˈɪ]
• (Zahedan) IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈe]

Particle

ءِ • (’e)

1. marks the genitive case

   احمدءِ کچک ― Ahmad’e kocak ― Ahmad's dog

Burushaski

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/, [ʔ]

Letter

ء (’)

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [hamzah]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): [(ʔ)], [ʔ]

Letter

ء

1. The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

• (Arabic script letters) ا,‎ ب,‎ ت,‎ ة,‎ ث,‎ ج,‎ چ,‎ ح,‎ خ,‎ د,‎ ذ,‎ ر,‎ ز,‎ س,‎ ش,‎ ص,‎ ض,‎ ط,‎ ظ,‎ ع,‎ غ,‎ ڠ,‎ ف,‎ ڤ,‎ ق,‎ ک,‎ ݢ,‎ ل,‎ م,‎ ن,‎ و,‎ ۏ,‎ ه,‎ ء,‎ ي,‎ ى,‎ ڽ ^[edit]

Persian

Pronunciation

• (lettername):
  • (Classical Persian, Dari) IPA^(key): /hamza/
  • (Iran) IPA^(key): /hamze/
• (phonemes):
  • (Formal, all dialects) IPA^(key): [ʔ] or deleted.
  • (colloquial, Dari) IPA^(key): [ɑː], [oː], [eː], [w], [j] or deleted.

Letter

ء • (hamze)

1. همزه (hamze/hamza, “Hamza”) – a character representing a glottal stop. It is considered a letter but is not counted as part of the Persian alphabet.

See also

• أ
• إ
• ؤ
• ئ

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɦəm.zɑ(ː)/
• (phoneme):
  • (predominate, above a vowel): silent
  • (above he): IPA^(key): /jɪ/, [je], [ji]
  • (independent, rare): IPA^(key): /ʔ/ or silent
    • Unlike other languages using the Arabic script, Urdu does not commonly use Hamza as a glottal stop. Its primary usage is to act as a zero consonant to allow two adjacent vowels; گاؤں (gāõ), for example, is pronounced /ɡɑː.õ/ not /ɡɑː.ʔõ/.

Letter

ء • (' or hamza)

1. ہَمْزَہ (hamza, “Hamza”) – the thirty-fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet.

See also

• (Urdu letters containing a hamza) ئ, ؤ (o), ۂ (h-yi)
• (Letters of the Urdu alphabet) ا (alif), ب (be), پ (pe), ت (te), ٹ (ṭe), ث (se), ج (jīm), چ (ce), ح (baṛī he), خ (xe), د (dāl), ڈ (ḍāl), ذ (zāl), ر (re), ڑ (ṛe), ز (ze), ژ (źe), س (sīn), ش (śīn), ص (suād), ض (zuād), ط (toe), ظ (zoe), ع ('ain), غ (ġain), ف (fe), ق (qāf), ک (kāf), گ (gāf), ل (lām), م (mīm), ن (nūn), ں (nūn ġunna), ہ (choṭī he), ھ (dū caśmī he), و (vāo), ی (ye), ے (baṛī ye), ء (hamza)
• ئ
• ؤ (o)
• هٔ
• أ
• إ