Marathi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘯 (kāḷa), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 / काल / ಕಾಲ (kāla), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𐨐𐨫 (kala), from Sanskrit काल (kālá).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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काळ (kāḷm

  1. time, duration

Declension

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Declension of काळ (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular
काळ
kāḷ
direct
plural
काळ
kāḷ
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
काळ
kāḷ
काळ
kāḷ
oblique
सामान्यरूप
काळा
kāḷā
काळां-
kāḷān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
काळाला
kāḷālā
काळांना
kāḷānnā
ergative काळाने, काळानं
kāḷāne, kāḷāna
काळांनी
kāḷānnī
instrumental काळाशी
kāḷāśī
काळांशी
kāḷānśī
locative
सप्तमी
काळात
kāḷāt
काळांत
kāḷāt
vocative
संबोधन
काळा
kāḷā
काळांनो
kāḷānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of काळ (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
काळाचा
kāḷāċā
काळाचे
kāḷāċe
काळाची
kāḷācī
काळाच्या
kāḷācā
काळाचे, काळाचं
kāḷāċe, kāḷāċa
काळाची
kāḷācī
काळाच्या
kāḷācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
काळांचा
kāḷānċā
काळांचे
kāḷānċe
काळांची
kāḷāñcī
काळांच्या
kāḷāncā
काळांचे, काळांचं
kāḷānċe, kāḷānċa
काळांची
kāḷāñcī
काळांच्या
kāḷāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Further reading

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  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “काळ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary[1], New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 25
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “काळ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 163
  • दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “काळ”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 713.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kālá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 157

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Adjective

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काळ

  1. Devanagari script form of kāḷa

Declension

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