ἀμύνω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editIf the nasal is originally a present marker, as in κλίνω (klínō) and πλύνω (plúnō), we have a root ἀμυ-, which may be found in ἀμεύομαι (ameúomai, “to surpass, outstrip”), but the semantics are not quite clear. Perhaps related to μύνη (múnē, “excuse, pretense”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.my̌ː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈmy.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈmy.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈmy.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈmi.no/
Verb
editᾰ̓μῡ́νω • (amū́nō)
- (transitive) to keep off, ward off, defend, guard, assist [with accusative ‘something/someone’ and dative ‘from something/someone’]
- (transitive) to avenge, punish, repay, requite
Usage notes
editGenerally, the object being protected received the accusative case, while the offending object receives the dative. The second sense, "avenge" is more common in the middle voice.
Inflection
edit Present: ᾰ̓μῡ́νω, ᾰ̓μῡ́νομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤμῡνον | ἤμῡνες | ἤμῡνε(ν) | ἠμῡ́νετον | ἠμῡνέτην | ἠμῡ́νομεν | ἠμῡ́νετε | ἤμῡνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠμῡνόμην | ἠμῡ́νου | ἠμῡ́νετο | ἠμῡ́νεσθον | ἠμῡνέσθην | ἠμῡνόμεθᾰ | ἠμῡ́νεσθε | ἠμῡ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓́μῡνον | ᾰ̓́μῡνες | ᾰ̓́μῡνε(ν) | ᾰ̓μῡ́νετον | ᾰ̓μῡνέτην | ᾰ̓μῡ́νομεν | ᾰ̓μῡ́νετε | ᾰ̓́μῡνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓μῡνόμην | ᾰ̓μῡ́νου | ᾰ̓μῡ́νετο | ᾰ̓μῡ́νεσθον | ᾰ̓μῡνέσθην | ᾰ̓μῡνόμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓μῡ́νεσθε | ᾰ̓μῡ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ᾰ̓μῠνέω, ᾰ̓μῠνέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓μῠνέω | ᾰ̓μῠνέεις | ᾰ̓μῠνέει | ᾰ̓μῠνέετον | ᾰ̓μῠνέετον | ᾰ̓μῠνέομεν | ᾰ̓μῠνέετε | ᾰ̓μῠνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιμῐ | ᾰ̓μῠνέοις | ᾰ̓μῠνέοι | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιτον | ᾰ̓μῠνεοίτην | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιμεν | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιτε | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓μῠνέομαι | ᾰ̓μῠνέῃ, ᾰ̓μῠνέει |
ᾰ̓μῠνέεται | ᾰ̓μῠνέεσθον | ᾰ̓μῠνέεσθον | ᾰ̓μῠνεόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνέεσθε | ᾰ̓μῠνέονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓μῠνεοίμην | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιο | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιτο | ᾰ̓μῠνέοισθον | ᾰ̓μῠνεοίσθην | ᾰ̓μῠνεοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνέοισθε | ᾰ̓μῠνέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓μῠνέειν | ᾰ̓μῠνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓μῠνέων | ᾰ̓μῠνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓μῠνέουσᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓μῠνέον | ᾰ̓μῠνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓μῠνῶ | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖς | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖ | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖτον | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖτον | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦμεν | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖτε | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓μῠνοίην, ᾰ̓μῠνοῖμῐ |
ᾰ̓μῠνοίης, ᾰ̓μῠνοῖς |
ᾰ̓μῠνοίη, ᾰ̓μῠνοῖ |
ᾰ̓μῠνοῖτον, ᾰ̓μῠνοίητον |
ᾰ̓μῠνοίτην, ᾰ̓μῠνοιήτην |
ᾰ̓μῠνοῖμεν, ᾰ̓μῠνοίημεν |
ᾰ̓μῠνοῖτε, ᾰ̓μῠνοίητε |
ᾰ̓μῠνοῖεν, ᾰ̓μῠνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦμαι | ᾰ̓μῠνῇ | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖται | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖσθον | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖσθον | ᾰ̓μῠνούμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖσθε | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦνται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓μῠνοίμην | ᾰ̓μῠνοῖο | ᾰ̓μῠνοῖτο | ᾰ̓μῠνοῖσθον | ᾰ̓μῠνοίσθην | ᾰ̓μῠνοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνοῖσθε | ᾰ̓μῠνοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖν | ᾰ̓μῠνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓μῠνῶν | ᾰ̓μῠνούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦσᾰ | ᾰ̓μῠνουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓μῠνοῦν | ᾰ̓μῠνούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἄμῡνᾰ (ámūna)
- ἀμῡ́νᾰνδρος (amū́nandros)
- Ἀμύντᾱς (Amúntās)
- ἀμῡ́ντειρᾱ (amū́nteirā)
- ἀμῡντήρ (amūntḗr)
- ἀμῡντήριος (amūntḗrios)
- ἀμῡ́ντης (amū́ntēs)
- ἀμῡντῐκός (amūntikós)
- ἀμῡντρόν (amūntrón)
- ἀμῡ́ντωρ (amū́ntōr)
- ἀπαμῡ́νω (apamū́nō)
- ἐπαμῡ́νω (epamū́nō)
- περιαμῡ́νω (periamū́nō)
- προσαμῡ́νω (prosamū́nō)
- συνεπαμῡ́νω (sunepamū́nō)
Descendants
edit- → Translingual: Amynodontidae (extinct family of rhino-like animals)
- → Latin: Amyntas (Greek and Hellenistic male given name, borne by a number of notable kings and generals)
References
edit- “ἀμύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀμύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀμύνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀμύνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἀμύνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀμύνω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἀμύνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN