不幸
Chinese
editnot; no | fortunate; lucky | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (不幸) |
不 | 幸 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bùsìng
- Wade–Giles: pu4-hsing4
- Yale: bù-syìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bushinq
- Palladius: бусин (busin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bat1 hang6
- Yale: bāt hahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat7 hang6
- Guangdong Romanization: bed1 heng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵ hɐŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-hen
- Hakka Romanization System: budˋ hen
- Hagfa Pinyim: bud5 hen4
- Sinological IPA: /put̚² hen⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut heangX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə [ɡ]ˤreŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' ɡreːŋʔ/
Adjective
edit不幸
Synonyms
editAdverb
edit不幸
Synonyms
editNoun
edit不幸
- (countable, uncountable) misfortune; adversity; sadness (Classifier: 個/个 m)
Verb
edit不幸
- (Classical, euphemistic) to die
Synonyms
edit- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不祿/不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊/仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世/倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡/倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝/凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡/丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命/丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生/丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼/呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
- 嚥氣/咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂/圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢/寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣/失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了/小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義/就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三/弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛/挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命/毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕/晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世/弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天/归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西/归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山/归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹/死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫/死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞/殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕/气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世/没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 狗帶/狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
- 畢命/毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
- 百年歸老/百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命/尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終/终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕/绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子/翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召/蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難/被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背/见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王/见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 見馬克思/见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
- 謝世/谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
- 賓天/宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世/辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 辭塵/辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材/进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世/过世 (guòshì)
- 過去/过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往/过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身/过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面/过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵/长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠/长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼/闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落/陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世/离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩/驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去/驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊/驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓/龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
不 | 幸 |
ふ Grade: 4 |
こう Grade: 3 |
goon | kan'on |
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit不幸 • (fukō) ←ふかう (fukau)?-na (adnominal 不幸な (fukō na), adverbial 不幸に (fukō ni))
Inflection
editInflection of 不幸
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 不幸だろ | ふこうだろ | fukō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 不幸で | ふこうで | fukō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 不幸だ | ふこうだ | fukō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 不幸な | ふこうな | fukō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 不幸なら | ふこうなら | fukō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 不幸であれ | ふこうであれ | fukō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 不幸ではない 不幸じゃない |
ふこうではない ふこうじゃない |
fukō de wa nai fukō ja nai |
Informal past | 不幸だった | ふこうだった | fukō datta |
Informal negative past | 不幸ではなかった 不幸じゃなかった |
ふこうではなかった ふこうじゃなかった |
fukō de wa nakatta fukō ja nakatta |
Formal | 不幸です | ふこうです | fukō desu |
Formal negative | 不幸ではありません 不幸じゃありません |
ふこうではありません ふこうじゃありません |
fukō de wa arimasen fukō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 不幸でした | ふこうでした | fukō deshita |
Formal negative past | 不幸ではありませんでした 不幸じゃありませんでした |
ふこうではありませんでした ふこうじゃありませんでした |
fukō de wa arimasen deshita fukō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 不幸で | ふこうで | fukō de |
Conditional | 不幸なら(ば) | ふこうなら(ば) | fukō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 不幸だったら | ふこうだったら | fukō dattara |
Volitional | 不幸だろう | ふこうだろう | fukō darō |
Adverbial | 不幸に | ふこうに | fukō ni |
Degree | 不幸さ | ふこうさ | fukōsa |
Noun
editSee also
edit- 不幸せ (fushiawase)
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
不 | 幸 |
Noun
edit- hanja form? of 불행 (“unhappiness; misfortune”)
Vietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
不 | 幸 |
Adjective
edit不幸
- chữ Hán form of bất hạnh (“unfortunate; unlucky; ill-fated”).
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing 不 undergoing tone sandhi
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
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