可樂

See also: 可乐

Chinese

		can; may; able to can; may; able to; certain(ly); to suit; (particle used for emphasis)	music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful
trad. (可樂)		可	樂
simp. (可乐)		可	乐

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kělè

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ho² lok⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó-lo̍k
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khu-loq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kělè
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kělè
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo³-lê⁴
  - Yale: kě-lè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keeleh
  - Palladius: кэлэ (kɛlɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho² lok⁶
  - Yale: hó lohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho² lok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho² log⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː³⁵ lɔːk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-lo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khó-lo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoylok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khu-loq
  - MiniDict: khu^去 loh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khu-loq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰu³³ loʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: khaX lak

Rime
Character	可	樂
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	枯我切	盧各切
Baxter	khaX	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰa^X/	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ^X/	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kě	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho²	lok⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤa[j]ʔ [r]ˤawk/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːlʔ raːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	可	樂
Reading #	1/1	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kě	lè
Middle Chinese	‹ kha^X ›	‹ lak ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁa[j]ʔ/	/*[r]ˁawk/
English	may; acceptable	joy; enjoy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	可	樂
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	7446	7673
Phonetic component	可	樂
Rime group	歌	藥
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	可	落
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːlʔ/	/*raːwɢ/

Adjective

可樂

funny; amusing; entertaining
to evoke joy or happiness
Antonym: 可哀 (kě'āi)
- 德行可象，聲氣可樂，動作有文，言語有章，以臨其下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  德行可象，声气可乐，动作有文，言语有章，以临其下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Déxíng kě xiàng, shēngqì kělè, dòngzuò yǒu wén, yányǔ yǒu zhāng, yǐ lín qí xià. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

可樂餅／可乐饼 (kělèbǐng)
百事可樂／百事可乐 (bǎishì kělè)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English cola. For Taiwanese Hakka [script needed] (khó-là) and Hokkien [script needed] (khò͘-lah), likely via Japanese コーラ (kōra).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kělè

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ho² lok⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho² lok⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khó-là
Eastern Min (BUC): kō̤-lŏ̤h
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khó-lo̍k / khò͘-lah

(Teochew, Peng'im): ko² lag⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khu-loq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kělè
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kělè
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo³-lê⁴
  - Yale: kě-lè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keeleh
  - Palladius: кэлэ (kɛlɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (可樂兒／可乐儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kělèr
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kělèr
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo³-lê⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: kě-lèr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keelehl
  - Palladius: кэлэр (kɛlɛr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho² lok⁶
  - Yale: hó lohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho² lok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho² log⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː³⁵ lɔːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho² lok⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ⁵⁵ lɔk̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khó-là
  - Hakka Romanization System: ko^ˋ la^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ko³ la²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰo³¹ la¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kō̤-lŏ̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo³³⁻²¹ l̃oʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-lo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khó-lo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoylok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘-lah
  - Tâi-lô: khòo-lah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qorlaq
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ laʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ laʔ³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ko² lag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khó la̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ lak̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khu-loq
  - MiniDict: khu^去 loh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khu-loq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰu³³ loʔ⁴⁴/

Noun

可樂

cola, including coke and pepsi (kind of soft drink)
零糖可樂／零糖可乐 ― língtáng kělè ― Coke Zero, Pepsi Zero Sugar, etc.
(colloquial, slang) cocaine; coke

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 可樂 (“cola; coke (soft drink)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		可樂
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	可樂兒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	可樂
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	可樂
Cantonese	Hong Kong	可樂
Cantonese	Taishan	可樂
Southern Min	Xiamen	可樂

Dialectal synonyms of 可卡因 (“cocaine”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		可卡因, 古柯鹼
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	古柯鹼
Cantonese	Hong Kong	可卡因, 可樂, cocaine

Derived terms

中可 (zhōngkě)
可口可樂／可口可乐 (Kěkǒukělè)
大可 (dàkě)
小可 (xiǎokě)
百事可樂／百事可乐 (Bǎishìkělè)