Wiktionary

單

See also: 单, and 単
單 U+55AE, 單
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AE
← 喭
[U+55AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喯 →
[U+55AF]

Translingual

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Traditional 單
Shinjitai 単
Simplified 单

Han character

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單 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 66506, composition ⿱吅⿻日十 or ⿱吅⿻甲一)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
  • Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+55AE

Chinese

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trad. 單
simp. 单
alternative forms 単
单

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 單
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) of a war or hunting weapon, a, Y-shaped wooden stick with two stones attached on top. The component in the middle in some oracle bones was a huge point wich represented a rope around the stick; perhaps, this weapon was used as a spear and then retrieved through this rope. Otherwise, the huge point in the middle was another stone attached to the stick. The huge point was then stylized as an horizontal trait, as 口 (the stick resembled 中) and eventually as 田. The horizontal stroke at the bottom of the character was added later.

An alternative theory suggests that it represents a net to catch animals with two weights on top, but the huge point in the middle of the character in some oracle bones may not be a web or net.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dua1/duaⁿ1 - vernacular;
  • dang1 - literary.
Note:
  • toaⁿ - vernacular;
  • tan - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 單
Mandarin Beijing /tan⁵⁵/
Harbin /tan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tan²¹/
Jinan /tã²¹³/
Qingdao /tã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tan²⁴/
Xi'an /tã²¹/
Xining /tã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /tan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
/san²¹³/ 姓
Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
Hefei /tæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /te⁵³/
Suzhou /te̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ta³³/
Hui Shexian /tɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
Xiangtan /tan³³/
Gan Nanchang /tan⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tan⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tɑn²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tan⁵³/
Nanning /tan⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tan⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tan⁵⁵/
/tuã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /taŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名
/tuiŋ²¹/ 形
Shantou (Teochew) /tuã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdaŋ²³/
/ʔdua²³/
Rime
Character 單
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tan/
Li
Rong 		/tɑn/
Wang
Li 		/tɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 單
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.tˁar/
English single, simple

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單
Reading # 1/4
No. 1995
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		單
Old
Chinese 		/*taːn/

Definitions

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單

  1. single; individual; solitary
  2. thin; narrow; faint
  3. simple; uncomplicated
  4. (of clothes) unlined
  5. (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
  6. (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
  7. cover; bed sheet
  8. list; register; catalogue
  9. only; merely; simply
  10. and; plus
  11. bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    埋單／埋单 [Cantonese]  ―  maai4 daan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a bill
  12. (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: 張／张 c)
  13. (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: 張／张 c)
  14. Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
  15. (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people.
  16. a surname
Synonyms
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  • (ticket): 票 (piào), 券 (quàn); (Cantonese) 飛／飞 (fēi)
  • (receipt):
Dialectal synonyms of 收據 (“receipt”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 收據, 收條
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 收據, 收條兒
Taiwan 收據, 收條
Langfang 收條
Chengde 收據, 收條兒
Chifeng 收據
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 收據
Heihe 收據, 收條
Qiqihar 收據, 收條
Harbin 收據, 收條兒
Jiamusi 收據, 收條兒
Baicheng 收據, 收條
Changchun 收據, 收條
Tonghua 收條
Shenyang 收據, 收條
Jinzhou 收據, 收條兒
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 收條兒
Tangshan 收據, 收條, 收條兒
Cangzhou 收據, 收條兒
Baoding 收據, 收條, 收條兒
Shijiazhuang 收條兒
Lijin 收據, 收條兒
Jinan 收據, 收條
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 收條兒
Dandong 收據, 收條
Yantai 收據
Yantai (Muping) 收據
Qingdao 收據, 收條兒
Zhucheng 收據
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 收條兒
Lingbao 收到條兒, 收據
Jining 收條兒
Daming 收據
Wanrong 收條
Linfen 收據, 收條
Shangqiu 收據, 收條
Yuanyang 收據, 收條
Zhengzhou 收據, 收條兒
Xinyang 收條
Baihe 收據, 收條
Xi'an 收據, 收條, 收條兒
Baoji 收據, 收條
Tianshui 收據, 收條
Xining 收據, 收條
Xuzhou 收據, 收條兒, 收條
Fuyang 收據, 收條
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 收據
Lanzhou 收據, 收條
Dunhuang 收條
Hami 收據, 收條
Ürümqi 收據, 收條兒, 收條, 牌牌子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 收據, 收條
Nanchong 收據, 收條
Dazhou 收條
Hanyuan 收據, 收條
Xichang 收據, 收條
Zigong 收據, 收條
Chongqing 收據, 收條
Wuhan 收據, 收條
Yichang 收據, 收條
Xiangyang 收據, 收條
Tianmen 收據, 收條
Guiyang 收據, 收條
Zunyi 收據, 收條
Bijie 收條
Liping 收據, 收條
Zhaotong 收據, 收條
Dali 收據, 收條
Kunming 收據, 收條
Mengzi 收據
Guilin 收據
Liuzhou 收據, 收條
Jishou 收據
Changde 收條
Hanzhong 收據, 收條
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 收據, 收條
Yangzhou 收據, 收條
Lianyungang 收據, 收條兒
Lianshui 收據
Nantong 收據, 收條
Anqing 收據, 收條
Wuhu 收據, 收條
Hefei 收據, 收條
Hong'an 收據, 收條
Cantonese Guangzhou 收條
Hong Kong 單, 收據, 收條
Dongguan 單
Gan Nanchang 收條
Lichuan 收條
Pingxiang 收條
Hakka Meixian 收據, 收條
Yudu 收條
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 收據
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 收據
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 收據
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 收據
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 收據
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 收據
Huizhou Jixi 收據, 收條
Shexian 收據, 收條
Jin Taiyuan 收據, 收條
Yangyuan 收據
Datong 收據, 收條
Xinzhou 收據
Lüliang (Lishi) 收據, 收條兒
Changzhi 收據, 收條
Linhe 收據, 收條
Jining 收條
Hohhot 收據, 收條
Erenhot 收據, 收條
Pingshan 收到條兒
Zhangjiakou 收條
Handan 收據, 收條
Linzhou 收據, 收條
Suide 收據, 收條兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 收據
Southern Min Xiamen 收據, 收條
Quanzhou 收據, 收條
Zhangzhou 收據, 收條
Haikou 收據
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 收據, 收條
Wu Shanghai 收據, 收條
Shanghai (Chongming) 收條
Suzhou 收據, 收條
Danyang 收據, 收條
Hangzhou 收據
Ningbo 收據
Wenzhou 收條
Jinhua 收據
Xiang Changsha 收據
Loudi 收條

Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 單
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 市連切
Baxter dzyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑian/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 單
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*dar/ (< *[d]ar)
English 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單
Reading # 2/4
No. 2027
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		鋋
Old
Chinese 		/*djan/

Definitions

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單

  1. † to surround
  2. Used in 單于 (chányú).
  3. Used in 單閼／单阏.

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 單 單
Reading # 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 仙 (77) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常演切 時戰切
Baxter dzyenX dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ /d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛnX/ /d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjænX/ /d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑianX/ /d͡ʑianH/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛnX/ /ʑiɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛnX/ /ʑĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛnX/ /ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shàn shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin6 sin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單 單
Reading # 3/4 4/4
No. 2035 2037
Phonetic
component 		單 單
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		善 繕
Old
Chinese 		/*djanʔ/ /*djans/

Definitions

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單

  1. (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong)
  2. a surname: Shan, Sin, Sinn
    單立文／单立文 [Cantonese]  ―  sin6 laap6 man4 [Jyutping]  ―  Pal Sinn

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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單

  1. Alternative form of 嘽／啴
  2. Alternative form of 繟／𦈎

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 亶 (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 亶).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 憚 (“to fear”).
(This character is a variant form of 憚).

Etymology 7

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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單

  1. Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn)
  2. Used in 單至／单至.

Etymology 8

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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單

  1. (rare) a surname

References

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  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “单”, in 莆仙方言大词典 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 168.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “单”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 25.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “单”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 205.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

単

Kyūjitai

單

Kanji

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單

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: たん (tan)、ぜん (zen)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)、せん (sen)
  • Kun: ひとえ (hitoe, 單)←ひとへ (fitofe, 單, historical)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan))

  1. hanja form? of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Hanja

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單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))

  1. hanja form? of 선 (“a barbarian”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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單: Hán Nôm readings: đơn, đan, thiền, truyên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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