大食

Chinese

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (大食)		大	食
simp. ^#(大食)		大	食

Borrowed from Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāčīk, Tāzīg). Doublet of 塔吉克 (Tǎjíkè). Cognate with English Tajik.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dàshí

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dàshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dàshíh
  - Wade–Giles: Ta⁴-shih²
  - Yale: Dà-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahshyr
  - Palladius: Даши (Daši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
  - Yale: daaih sihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/

Middle Chinese: dajH zyik

Rime
Character	大	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	乗力切
Baxter	dajH	zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑi^H/	/ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑi^H/	/ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑi^H/	/ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daj^H/	/ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/dɑi^H/	/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑi^H/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑi^H/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai⁶	sik⁶

Proper noun

大食

(archaic, Tang dynasty) the (Abbasid) caliphate

Etymology 2

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed
trad. (大食)		大	食
simp. ^#(大食)		大	食

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàshí

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̍t
Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh^→siĕh
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tōa-chia̍h

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàshíh
  - Wade–Giles: ta⁴-shih²
  - Yale: dà-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahshyr
  - Palladius: даши (daši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
  - Yale: daaih sihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: tai siid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴ sid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨt̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh^→siĕh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)lieʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-chia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tuā-tsia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doaxciah
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: dajH zyik

Rime
Character	大	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	乗力切
Baxter	dajH	zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑi^H/	/ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑi^H/	/ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑi^H/	/ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daj^H/	/ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/dɑi^H/	/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑi^H/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑi^H/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai⁶	sik⁶

Adjective

大食

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) having a large appetite; being a big eater
我細個嗰陣時好大食㗎，一餐起碼要有三碗飯落肚。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我细个嗰阵时好大食㗎，一餐起码要有三碗饭落肚。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ sai³ go³ go² zan⁶ si⁴ hou² daai⁶ sik⁶ gaa³, jat¹ caan¹ hei² maa⁵ jiu³ jau⁵ saam¹ wun² faan⁶ lok⁶ tou⁵. [Jyutping]
I used to be a big eater when I was small. I had to have at least three bowls of rice each meal.
(Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, of a tool, e.g. a knife) penetrating deeper or more frequently

Antonyms

(Cantonese, Hokkien) 細食／细食
(Hokkien, Teochew) 小食 (sió-chia̍h), 小口 (sió-kháu)

Derived terms

Related terms

(Cantonese) 為食／为食 (“gluttonous; greedy”)

Noun

大食

(Taiwanese Hokkien, thieves' slang) gunny sack

Pronunciation 2

Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh^→*siĕh

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
  - Yale: daaih sihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh^→*siĕh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ sieʔ⁵/

Verb

大食

(Cantonese, Eastern Min) to gorge oneself; to pig out

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (大食):

→ Japanese: 大食(たいしょく) (taishoku)
→ Korean: 대식(大食) (daesik)

References

小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “大食”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1], volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 430

Japanese

Kanji in this term
大	食
たい Grade: 1	しょく Grade: 2
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいしょく [tàíshókú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ta̠iɕo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

大(たい)食(しょく) • (taishoku)

gluttony